Deck 33: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of parenchyma cells?

A) They all lack the ability to photosynthesize.
B) They can differentiate into other kinds of cells in response to an injury to the plant.
C) They may contain various storage materials, such as starch grains, oils, or water.
D) They must be living cells in order to function.
E) They may secrete substances of various types.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following is mismatched?

A) ground tissue-photosynthesis
B) vascular tissue-storage
C) dermal tissue-covering of plant body
D) ground tissue-storage
E) vascular tissue-transport

Answer 2

vascular tissue-storage

Question 3

Who am I? I am alive at maturity and have primary cell walls that are especially thickened at the corners.

A) sclerenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) parenchyma
D) phloem
E) xylem

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A plant that requires two years to complete its life cycle is referred to as:

A) a biennial.
B) an annual.
C) a perennial.
D) a dicot.
E) a monocot.

Question 5

All woody plants are:

A) annuals.
B) biennials.
C) perennials.
D) deciduous.
E) evergreen.

Question 6

In plants, parenchyma cells typically secrete all of the following except:

A) resins.
B) hormones.
C) starches.
D) enzymes.
E) nectar.

Question 7

Which of the following plants is not a biennial?

A) carrot
B) Queen Anne's Lace
C) foxglove
D) cabbage
E) iris

Question 8

A main function of a plant's root system is to:

A) photosynthesize.
B) absorb dissolved nutrients and water.
C) absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.
D) capture sunlight.
E) bear seed-containing fruits.

Question 9

Which of the following plants is not an annual?

A) corn
B) geranium
C) sunflower
D) marigold
E) carrot

Question 10

The soft part of a plant body, such as a potato, consists largely of __________ tissue.

A) sclerenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) parenchyma
D) phloem
E) xylem

Question 11

The bulk of the herbaceous plant's body is its __________ system.

A) vascular tissue
B) ground tissue
C) dermal tissue
D) xylem tissue
E) meristematic tissue

Question 12

Plants that do not develop persistent woody parts above the ground are called:

A) monocots.
B) dicots.
C) herbaceous.
D) deciduous.
E) perennials.

Question 13

Which of the following tissues is dead at maturity?

A) parenchyma.
B) sclerenchyma.
C) collenchyma.
D) epidermis.
E) lignin.

Question 14

Roots, stem, leaves, flower parts, and fruits are referred to as:

A) apical meristems.
B) dermal tissues.
C) vascular tissues.
D) organs.
E) ground tissues.

Question 15

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are classified as:

A) dermal tissues.
B) vascular tissues.
C) ground tissues.
D) primary tissues.
E) secondary tissues.

Question 16

Sclereids are cells that:

A) are found in wood and bark.
B) conduct water and dissolved minerals.
C) are usually found in nut shells and pits of stone fruits.
D) conduct dissolved sugars.
E) form cytoplasmic connections between cells.

Question 17

Which tissue system of the plant body is largely responsible for photosynthesis?

A) ground tissue system
B) vascular tissue system
C) dermal tissue system
D) primary tissue system
E) secondary tissue system

Question 18

The extremely flexible tissue that provides support in soft, nonwoody plants, allowing them to grow upward, is:

A) parenchyma tissue.
B) collenchyma tissue.
C) sclerenchyma tissue.
D) dermal tissue.
E) meristematic tissue.

Question 19

A secondary cell wall would be located:

A) inside the cytoplasm.
B) embedded within the primary wall.
C) embedded within the plasma membrane.
D) inside the plasma membrane.
E) inside the primary cell wall.

Question 20

The most abundant polymer in the world is:

A) cellulose.
B) glucose.
C) hemicellulose.
D) lignin.
E) pectin.

Question 21

Growth that results in an increase in the length of a plant is referred to as:

A) horizontal growth.
B) longitudinal growth.
C) primary growth.
D) radial growth.
E) secondary growth.

Question 22

Sugar is conducted in solution through specialized cells known as:

A) fibers.
B) companion cells.
C) sieve tube elements.
D) tracheids.
E) vessels.

Question 23

You isolate the hemicellulose from a parenchyma cell.You correctly predict that the hemicellulose will contain which of the following in greatest amount?

A) cellulose
B) xyloglucan
C) lignin
D) $\alpha$ -galacturonic acid
E) amino acid derivatives

Question 24

Special epidermal outgrowths that remove excess salt accumulated in seashore plants are an example of:

A) plasmodesmata.
B) guard cells.
C) stomata.
D) sclereids.
E) trichomes.

Question 25

Growth that results in an increase in stem or root length occurs in which specific area of the plant?

A) lateral meristem
B) apical meristem
C) vascular cambium
D) cork cambium
E) periderm

Question 26

Xylem is composed of all of the following cell types except:

A) tracheids.
B) vessel elements.
C) fibers.
D) parenchyma.
E) sieve tube elements.

Question 27

What two tissues transport materials throughout the entire plant body?

A) sclerenchyma and xylem
B) phloem and xylem
C) parenchyma and xylem
D) sclerenchyma and collenchyma
E) epidermis and xylem

Question 28

A root cap:

A) protects the fragile meristematic cells at the root tip.
B) pushes the root tip deeper into the soil.
C) protects the cells located in the lateral meristem.
D) arises from the stem apical meristem.
E) will differentiate into primary tissues of the adult plant.

Question 29

Growth that results in an increase in the girth of a plant is referred to as:

A) horizontal growth.
B) longitudinal growth.
C) primary growth.
D) radial growth.
E) secondary growth.

Question 30

Which of the following could not be considered a secondary tissue?

A) xylem
B) phloem
C) epidermis
D) periderm
E) cork.

Question 31

In both stems and leaves, photosynthetic tissues lie beneath the __________.

A) cortex
B) periderm
C) pith
D) epidermis
E) sclerenchyma.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about meristematic tissue is false?

A) It is found at the tips of all roots.
B) It is found at the tips of all stems.
C) It is capable of continually dividing throughout the life of the plant.
D) Its cells are incapable of differentiating.
E) Its cells are dead at functional maturity.

Question 33

Primary growth involves:

A) an increase in length.
B) an increase in girth.
C) a production of secondary xylem.
D) a production of cork cells.
E) a division of vascular cambium cells.

Question 34

Mature vessel elements:

A) form sieve tubes in the vascular tissue.
B) have pits in their walls, which allow water to be transported laterally.
C) are alive and contain cytoplasm.
D) are given support by companion cells.
E) occur in pairs, forming stomata in the epidermis.

Question 35

__________, which are a type of xylem, are extremely efficient in conducting water.

A) Sieve tube elements
B) Companion cells
C) Tracheids
D) Sclereids
E) Vessel elements

Question 36

What tissue conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves?

A) collenchyma
B) epidermis
C) periderm
D) xylem
E) phloem

Question 37

__________ are living cells that do not conduct sugar themselves but play a crucial role in assisting the movement of sugars.

A) Sieve tube members
B) Sieve plates
C) Tracheids
D) Vessel elements
E) Companion cells

Question 38

What tissue comprises the outer bark of woody plants?

A) ground tissue
B) epidermis
C) phloem
D) periderm
E) xylem

Question 39

__________ are one of the few eukaryotic cells that can function without nuclei.

A) Sieve tube elements
B) Companion cells
C) Tracheids
D) Sclereids
E) Vessel elements

Question 40

__________ are tiny pores in the epidermis that facilitate the diffusion of carbon dioxide into leaves or herbaceous stems.

A) Stomata
B) Guard cells
C) Tracheids
D) Sclereids
E) Trichomes

Question 41

Vessel elements differ from tracheids differ in that vessel elements contain pits.
____________________

Question 42

The plant physiologist F.C.Steward demonstrated that:

A) the preprophase band is important in plant cell division.
B) orchids can be generated from pollen grains.
C) an entire plant can be generated from a single callus cell.
D) the monopteros gene codes for a transcription factor.
E) the shoot apical meristem gives rise to leaf and bud primordia.

Question 43

In one sentence, explain how it is possible for genetically identical plant cells to become quite different from each other.

Question 44

Vessel elements and tracheids develop via the process of programmed cell death, also called apoptosis.
____________________

Question 45

Which organelle increases in size, causing plant cells to elongate?

A) chloroplast
B) mitochondrion
C) nucleus
D) ribosome
E) vacuole

Question 46

In Arabidopsis, the monopteros gene regulates:

A) positional effects in leaves.
B) the activity of the vascular cambium.
C) the differentiation of wounded parenchyma cells into tracheids.
D) apical-basal pattern formation.
E) the location of the preprophase band.

Question 47

Buds eventully develop into branches.
____________________

Question 48

Lignin is a polymer composed of monomers derived from amino acids.
____________________

Question 49

The "strings" of celery are composed of sclerenchyma tissue.
____________________

Question 50

The plant growth process that allows cells to become specialized is:

A) cell division.
B) cell elongation.
C) cell differentiation.
D) primary growth.
E) secondary growth.

Question 51

An Arabidopsis plant that contains a mutant mp gene would most likely:

A) lack roots.
B) develop into callus.
C) produce buds but not leaves.
D) produce flowers but not fruits.
E) lack a stem.

Question 52

If you place your hand on the trunk of a tree that is 3 feet in diameter, the tissue you would be touching is:

A) epidermis.
B) secondary xylem.
C) cork cambium.
D) cork parenchyma.
E) cork.

Question 53

Leaves and flowers exhibit indeterminate growth.
____________________

Question 54

The walls of collenchyma cells contain large amounts of lignin, which is a polymer of -galacturonic acid.
____________________

Question 55

The stem apical meristem gives rise to:

A) leaf primordia.
B) lateral meristems.
C) root caps.
D) root hairs.
E) cork cells.

Question 56

The secondary cell wall is always located outside the primary cell wall.
____________________

Question 57

Dividing cells are found in all of the following except:

A) apical meristems.
B) lateral meristems.
C) vascular cambium.
D) cork cambium.
E) fiber cells.

Question 58

Hemicellulose contains chains of xylose molecules.
____________________

Question 59

An example of a trichome is a root hair.
____________________

Question 60

Which of the followings statements concerning the preprophase band is false?

A) It appears just prior to mitosis.
B) It helps orient the mitotic spindle.
C) It determines the plane of cell division
D) It is found in both plant and animal cells.
E) It is composed of microtubules.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains fibers and sclereids

Question 62

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
main function is transporting dissolved sugars

Question 63

Structures that will develop into leaves and buds arise at a lateral meristem
____________________

Question 64

When the cork cambium divides it produces cork cells toward the inside.
____________________

Question 65

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
a simple tissue whose cells have walls thickened at the corners

Question 66

Pattern formation in plants involves signaling molecules that specify positional information.
____________________

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
has a cuticle

Question 68

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
periderm replaces this tissue in woody plants

Question 69

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
a simple tissue that is the most common tissue in plants

Question 70

Bark consists of all tissues outside the cork cambium.
____________________

Question 71

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
main function is transporting water and minerals

Question 72

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains tracheids

Question 73

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains guard cells

Question 74

When the microfibrils in the cell wall are oriented in the same direction, the cell will expand in a direction parallel to the microfibrils.
____________________

Question 75

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
a type of ground tissue which has a primary role in storage

Question 76

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains sieve tube elements

Question 77

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains companion cells

Question 78

A mass of undifferentiated plant cells is called a callus.
____________________

Question 79

MATCHING
Match the tissue with the appropriate word or phrase.
a.collenchyma
d.phloem
b.epidermis
e.sclerenchyma
c.parenchyma
f.xylem
contains vessel elements

Question 80

The preprophase band consists of chromosomes aligned in a particular pattern.
____________________