Deck 32: The Deuterostomes

Question 1

One characteristic of the class Holothuroidea is:

A) that most are predators that consume partially digested prey.
B) that most of the species are extinct.
C) that they have a reduced endoskeleton consisting of microscopic plates embedded in the body wall.
D) that moveable spines are used to facilitate locomotion.
E) that they have a distinct central disk with very long, slender arms.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

A) digestive system.
B) nervous system.
C) closed circulatory system.
D) water vascular system.
E) mantle.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which class of echinoderms has the greatest species diversity?

A) Asteroidea
B) Holothuroidea
C) Ophiuroidea
D) Echinoidea
E) Crinoidea

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 32-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Lancelets are:

A) carnivores.
B) filter feeders.
C) parasites.
D) herbivores.
E) algae feeders.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about tunicates is false?

A) Tunicates are in subphylum Cephalochordata.
B) Tunicates are in phylum Chordata.
C) Tunicates are freshwater organisms.
D) Tunicates develop as deuterostomes.
E) Tunicates are a living chordate group.

Question 6

Figure 32-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The structure in Figure 32-1 labeled __________ is characteristic of the phylum to which this organism belongs.

A) 9
B) 6
C) 5
D) 4
E) 10

Question 7

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?

A) possession of a coelom
B) three primary cell layers
C) dorsal tubular nerve cord
D) pharyngeal gill slits
E) vertebrae

Question 8

All Echinodermata are found:

A) in marine habitats.
B) in freshwater.
C) on land.
D) on the bottom of the ocean or lakes.
E) in shallow ocean waters.

Question 9

Echinoderms are unique because:

A) the larvae are radially symmetrical and the adult is bilaterally symmetrical.
B) the adults and larva are both pentaradially symmetrical.
C) the adult and larva are both radially symmetrical.
D) the adult and larva are both biradially symmetrical.
E) their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

Question 10

Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the __________ shows the basic chordate characteristics.

A) head end
B) tail end
C) adult
D) larva
E) egg

Question 11

Figure 32-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The organism in Figure 32-1 is a representative of:

A) the phylum Hemichordata.
B) the phylum Echinodermata.
C) the phylum Chordata.
D) the subphylum Urochordata.
E) the subphylum Cephalochordata.

Question 12

Sea cucumbers will __________ when environmental conditions deteriorate.

A) eject their digestive tract, respiratory structures, and gonads.
B) crawl to an area with more favorable conditions.
C) form a resistant spore.
D) float to the surface and then later drop to a more favorable location.
E) crawl deep into the ocean mud on the bottom.

Question 13

Figure 32-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Adult tunicates resemble __________ and are __________.

A) eels; carnivorous.
B) corals; photosynthetic
C) starfish; carnivorous
D) sponges; filter feeders
E) earthworms; detritivores

Question 14

Echinoderms are unusual invertebrates as they have all of the following except:

A) an endoskeleton.
B) pentaradial symmetry.
C) a water vascular system.
D) pedicellariae present in some classes.
E) small disc-shaped flat bodies.

Question 15

Deuterostomes are characterized by __________ and __________ cleavage.

A) radial; determinate
B) radial; indeterminate
C) spiral; determinate
D) spiral; indeterminate
E) blastopore;synapomorphy

Question 16

Class __________ includes mostly extinct species and a few current species such as feather stars and sea lilies.

A) Asteroidea
B) Holothuroidea
C) Ophiuroidea
D) Echinoidea
E) Crinoidea

Question 17

Sea stars eat:

A) large fish.
B) mostly algae.
C) sea weed.
D) mostly crustaceans and mollusks.
E) debris on the bottom.

Question 18

Deuterostomes evolved during the:

A) Cambrian.
B) Proterozoic.
C) Paleozoic.
D) Cenozoic.
E) Devonian.

Question 19

Prominent spines are found on __________ of the phylum Echinodermata.

A) Ophiuroidea
B) Echinoidea
C) Asteroidea
D) Concentricycloidea
E) Holothuroidea

Question 20

Sea stars are primarily:

A) herbivores.
B) omnivores.
C) carnivores.
D) detritivores.
E) saprophytes.

Question 21

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be:

A) an Actinopterygian.
B) a Crinoid.
C) a Cephalochordate.
D) a Urochordate.
E) a Chondrichthyean.

Question 22

The neural crest cells of vertebrates influence the development of all of the following except the:

A) lungs.
B) nerves.
C) cranium.
D) jaws.
E) head muscles.

Question 23

In which group did lungs first evolve?

A) cartilagineous fish
B) ray finned fish
C) lampreys
D) coelacanths
E) lungfish

Question 24

Sharks may detect their prey using all of the following except:

A) olfaction.
B) their lateral lines.
C) electroreceptors.
D) sight.
E) hearing.

Question 25

Which chordate group has the most species?

A) bony fishes
B) reptiles
C) amphibians
D) mammals
E) cartilaginous fishes

Question 26

Which of the following terms can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?

A) oviparous
B) viviparous
C) ovoviviparous
D) placental
E) eutherial

Question 27

Sharks detect motion in the water or waves by their:

A) lateral lines.
B) electroreceptors.
C) keen olfaction.
D) sight.
E) dorsal fin.

Question 28

Extinct jawless fish include the:

A) lungfish.
B) lancelets.
C) placoderms.
D) acanthodians.
E) ostracoderms.

Question 29

Placoid scales are found on:

A) lungfish.
B) sharks.
C) ray-finned fish.
D) lob-finned.
E) snakes.

Question 30

The two groups representing the "jawless" fishes are:

A) Cephalochordata and Placoderms.
B) Chondrichthyes and Actinistia.
C) Myxini and Petromyzontida.
D) Dipnoi and Actinistia.
E) Placoderms and Petromyzontida.

Question 31

The coelacanth is found in the class:

A) Dipnoi.
B) Actinistia.
C) Placoderms.
D) Cephalochordata.
E) Urochordata.

Question 32

In which group did the amniote egg first evolve?

A) amphibians
B) birds
C) reptiles
D) mammals
E) frogs

Question 33

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

A) kidney
B) stomach
C) intestine
D) swim bladder
E) ureter

Question 34

There are about __________ identified species of vertebrates.

A) 2,000
B) 5,000
C) 30,000
D) 50,000
E) 125,000

Question 35

Sharks that are __________ incubate their eggs in the uterus.

A) oviparous
B) viviparous
C) ovoviviparous
D) placental
E) eutherial

Question 36

Which of the following characteristics is used to characterize vertebrates?

A) a bony endoskeleton
B) blood containing hemoglobin
C) a four-chambered heart
D) lungs
E) live birth

Question 37

Which of the following would describe an animal that lays eggs?

A) oviparous
B) viviparous
C) ovoviviparous
D) placental
E) eutherial

Question 38

Hagfishes are differentiated from lampreys and all other fishes in that:

A) hagfishes do not have gills.
B) hagfishes lack a jaw.
C) hagfishes are parasitic.
D) hagfishes lack vertebrae.
E) hagfishes have notochords.

Question 39

The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

A) Hemichordata.
B) Urodela.
C) Cephalochordata.
D) Ophiuroidea.
E) Urochordates.

Question 40

The first members of classes Osteichthyes and Chondrichthyes appeared in the __________ period.

A) Permian
B) Paleozoic
C) Devonian
D) Jurassic
E) Cretaceous

Question 41

At some point in their life cycle, amphibians may respire via all of the following except:

A) gills.
B) lungs.
C) swim bladder.
D) skin.
E) book lungs.

Question 42

Salamanders are members of the order:

A) Apoda.
B) Urodela.
C) Anuran.
D) Tetrapoda.
E) Squamata.

Question 43

Snakes are most closely related to:

A) lizards.
B) turtles.
C) eels.
D) caecilians.
E) synapsids.

Question 44

The heart of amphibians has __________ chambers.The hearts of birds and mammals have __________ chambers.

A) two; three
B) three; four
C) two; four
D) three; five
E) three; two

Question 45

Which of the following is not an adaptation of reptiles for life in a terrestrial habitat?

A) internal fertilization
B) an amniotic egg
C) better developed lungs
D) dry, scaly skin
E) vertebrate column

Question 46

The only living descendant of the dinosaurs are the:

A) marsupials.
B) monotremes.
C) birds.
D) mammals.
E) amphibians.

Question 47

The amphibians are believed to have arisen from ancestral:

A) chondrichthyean fish.
B) actinopterygian fish.
C) reptiles.
D) dipnoi.
E) actinistia.

Question 48

Which of the following structures places a fish in the class Actinopterygii?

A) swim bladder
B) pharynx with gills
C) nerve chord
D) pelvic fin
E) dorsal fins

Question 49

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

A) flight.
B) production of uric acid.
C) feathers.
D) endothermy.
E) a forked tongue.

Question 50

The tetrapods include:

A) fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
B) lancelets, cartilage, and bony fish.
C) amphibians and reptiles.
D) amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
E) echinoderms and chordates.

Question 51

Order __________ includes the turtles and tortoises.

A) Crocodilia
B) Squamata
C) Testudines
D) Apoda
E) Anapsida

Question 52

Order __________ includes the snakes.

A) Apoda
B) Chelonia
C) Aves
D) Squamata
E) Reptilia

Question 53

Which of the following adaptations is NOT associated with the ability of birds to fly?

A) high metabolic rate
B) broad, keeled breast bone
C) "one-way" air flow through the respiratory system
D) hollow bones
E) enlarged visual centers

Question 54

For most reptiles, fertilization is __________ and they are __________.

A) external; ovoviviparous
B) external; oviparous
C) internal; ovoviviparous
D) internal; oviparous
E) external; viviparous

Question 55

The first function of feathers was most likely:

A) protection from predators.
B) insulation.
C) communicating with rivals.
D) climbing in trees.
E) protection from parasites.

Question 56

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

A) Chondrichthyes
B) Reptilia
C) Myxiniformes
D) Amphibia
E) Actinistia

Question 57

Birds are most closely related to:

A) reptiles.
B) testudines.
C) mammals.
D) labyrinthodonts.
E) terrapins.

Question 58

About __________ species of birds have been described.

A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 4,500
D) 9,000
E) 20,000

Question 59

Which of these pairings is not correct?

A) diapsids-lizards
B) diapsids-turtles
C) synapsids-dinosaurs
D) synapsids-mammals
E) synapsid-birds

Question 60

Which of the following functions is not associated with the presence of feathers in birds?

A) temperature regulation
B) minimization of water loss
C) respiration
D) flight
E) protection

Question 61

Which of the following characteristics does not apply to members of the group that includes hedgehogs?

A) teeth reduced or absent
B) insectivores
C) some are arboreal
D) complex social interactions
E) lay eggs in pouch

Question 62

Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults, a water vascular system, tube feet, and spiny skin.
____________________

Question 63

Marsupials include the:

A) cat.
B) armadillo.
C) opossum.
D) crocodile.
E) spiny anteater.

Question 64

The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally.
____________________

Question 65

The earliest vertebrates had jaws.
____________________

Question 66

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a dorsal heart and blood containing hemoglobin.
____________________

Question 67

Which of the following characteristics does not apply to members of Protheria?

A) nocturnal
B) insectivores
C) aquatic
D) placental mammals
E) some weigh less than 5 g

Question 68

Echinoderms are related to Chordates because the first opening in development becomes the mouth.
____________________

Question 69

In vertebrates, somites give rise to the post anal tail, ribs, and certain skeletal muscles.
____________________

Question 70

Compare and contrast monotremes and Metatheria (marsupials).Identify two representatives of each group.

Question 71

The neural crest cells of vertebrates develop into nerves, head muscles, cranium, and jaws.
____________________

Question 72

Mammals descended from a group of reptiles known as:

A) eutherians.
B) lancelets.
C) therapsids.
D) holothurians.
E) labyrinthodonts.

Question 73

An echinoderm characteristic is the exoskeleton,
____________________

Question 74

Describe the shared derived characteristics that support grouping the hemichordates, chordates, and echinoderms together as deuterostomes.

Question 75

The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:

A) lack mammary glands.
B) lack hair.
C) lay eggs.
D) have pouches.
E) exhibit parthenogenesis.

Question 76

The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage.
____________________

Question 77

The wide adaptive radiation of mammals occurred during the early:

A) Cenozoic.
B) Paleozoic.
C) Tertiary.
D) Devonian.
E) Jurassic.

Question 78

The earliest mammals resembled small:

A) dogs.
B) koalas.
C) kangaroos.
D) monkeys.
E) shrews.

Question 79

Spiny anteaters are unlike other mammals because they

A) have endothermy.
B) do not have two pairs of temporal openings in the skull.
C) have mammary glands.
D) have hair.
E) do not have nipples.

Question 80

All of the characteristics are seen only in mammals except:

A) hair.
B) mammary glands.
C) three middle ear bones.
D) incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
E) diapsid skull.