Deck 9: Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Question 1

In a chloroplast, there is an outer and an inner membrane.The inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the:

A) grana.
B) thylakoid.
C) stroma.
D) pigment.
E) electron acceptor.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The thylakoid membrane encloses a space called the:

A) lumen.
B) stroma.
C) granum.
D) mesophyll.
E) porphyrin.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles called:

A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) photons.
D) radiation.
E) neutrons.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a __________ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital.

A) higher energy; lower energy
B) fluorescing; ground state
C) ground state; another ground state
D) ground state; lower energy
E) lower energy; higher energy

Question 5

The chlorophyll molecule has a porphyrin ring that contains a single atom of:

A) manganese.
B) magnesium.
C) phosphorus.
D) nitrogen.
E) iron.

Question 6

Red and blue light support the highest rates of photosynthesis because:

A) these are the only wavelengths reaching Earth from the sun.
B) these are the only wavelengths that carotenoids cannot absorb.
C) these wavelengths have the highest energy in the visible spectrum.
D) chlorophyll absorbs these wavelengths more than other wavelengths.
E) these wavelengths activate ATP synthase.

Question 7

Figure 9-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The primary function of the leaf structure labeled 5 in Figure 9-1 is:

A) food storage.
B) photosynthesis.
C) water transportation.
D) gas exchange.
E) nutrient absorption.

Question 8

Chlorophyll:

A) reflects red and blue light, and absorbs green light.
B) transmits red and blue light, and absorbs green light.
C) transmits red and blue light, and reflects green light.
D) absorbs red and blue light, and reflects green light.
E) absorbs red, blue, and green light.

Question 9

Chlorophyll molecules are attached to thylakoid membranes by:

A) a long hydrocarbon tail.
B) the porphyrin ring.
C) the methyl group.
D) a magnesium ion.
E) a hydroxide group.

Question 10

Electrons that are excited to a higher energy level may be transferred to an electron acceptor or may return to a ground state.If the latter occurs, energy will be released in a process known as:

A) photoelectron degradation.
B) fluorescence.
C) photoelectron hydrolysis.
D) porphyrin.
E) photoelectron deconfiguration.

Question 11

The __________ of a chlorophyll molecule is(are) responsible for absorbing light.

A) carbon atoms
B) porphyrin ring
C) methyl group
D) magnesium ion
E) long hydrocarbon tail

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of wavelengths (beginning with the shortest)?

A) gamma rays, UV, x-rays, infrared, visible light, TV and radio waves, and microwaves
B) TV and radio waves, microwaves, visible light, UV, infrared, x-rays, and gamma rays
C) microwaves, gamma rays, UV, visible light, infrared, TV, radio waves, and x-rays
D) gamma rays, x-rays, UV, visible light, infrared, microwaves, TV and radio waves
E) gamma rays, x-rays, UV, infrared, visible light, microwaves, and TV and radio waves

Question 13

Figure 9-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Chlorophyll absorbs primarily __________ and __________ regions of the visible spectrum.

A) blue; red
B) green; yellow
C) red; green
D) red; yellow
E) blue; yellow

Question 14

Figure 9-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Chloroplasts will be found in the greatest density in the area of Figure 9-1 labeled:

A) 1 and 2.
B) 3 and 4.
C) 4 and 5.
D) 6 and 7.
E) 7 and 8.

Question 15

A group of thylakoid discs make up:

A) the stroma.
B) a granum.
C) a chloroplast.
D) a vacuole.
E) the mesophyll layer.

Question 16

The process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules is:

A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) diffusion.
D) fermentation.
E) endocysis.

Question 17

By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called:

A) porphyrins.
B) nucleotides.
C) hydrocarbons.
D) pigments.
E) photons.

Question 18

Chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the:

A) stroma.
B) thylakoid membranes.
C) mesophyll membranes.
D) light reaction centers of the stroma lamellae.
E) stroma grana.

Question 19

Figure 9-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
According to the graph in Figure 9-2, chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the:

A) red and blue wavelengths.
B) blue and green wavelengths.
C) green and yellow wavelengths.
D) UV and red wavelengths.
E) UV and infrared wavelengths.

Question 20

Thylakoid membranes are involved in __________ synthesis.

A) glucose
B) NADP
C) ATP
D) RuBP
E) PEP

Question 21

Reaction center complexes of the light-dependent reactions contain __________ and __________, which receive energy from __________.

A) accessory pigments; chlorophyll; antenna complexes
B) carotenoids; proteins; chlorophyll
C) chlorophyll; antenna complexes; carotenoid
D) proteins; antenna complexes; carotenoid
E) chlorophyll; proteins; antenna complexes

Question 22

Figure 9-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
In photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during:

A) the carbon fixation reactions.
B) the light-dependent phase.
C) the light-independent phase.
D) glycolysis.
E) photolysis.

Question 23

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, a constant supply of electrons is provided by:

A) water.
B) oxygen.
C) the sun.
D) chlorophyll.
E) carotenoids.

Question 24

The reactants of the Calvin cycle are:

A) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH.
B) CO₂, ADP, and NADP+.
C) CO₂, ATP, and NADPH.
D) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH.
E) CO₂, H₂O, and ATP.

Question 25

Which of the following is not associated with the thylakoid membranes?

A) photosystems I and II
B) the Calvin cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) ATP synthase
E) antenna complex

Question 26

Noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of electrons.These are obtained from:

A) light.
B) CO₂.
C) glucose.
D) H₂O.
E) ATP.

Question 27

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from:

A) light.
B) CO₂.
C) glucose.
D) H₂O.
E) ATP.

Question 28

During the reactions of photosynthesis, __________ is reduced and __________ is oxidized.

A) O₂; C₆H₁₂O₆
B) CO₂; C₆H₁₂O₆
C) H₂O; C₆H₁₂O₆
D) O₂; H₂O
E) CO₂; H₂O

Question 29

The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories:

A) light-independent reactions and carbon fixation reactions.
B) carbon fixation reactions and oxygen fixation reactions.
C) light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions.
D) light-dependent reactions and citric acid cycle.
E) chemiosmosis and photochemical reactions.

Question 30

The electrons lost by the P680 reactive center are replaced from:

A) a water molecule.
B) solar energy.
C) ATP.
D) NADP⁺.
E) Photosystem II.

Question 31

The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in the:

A) cristae.
B) mitochondria.
C) outer chloroplast membrane.
D) chloroplast stroma.
E) thylakoid membrane.

Question 32

Engelmann concluded that chlorophyll in the chloroplasts is responsible for photosynthesis based on the following results:

A) Spirogyra cells each contain a long, spiral-shaped, emerald-green chloroplast embedded in the cytoplasm.
B) The action spectrum of photosynthesis matched the maximum production of oxygen by Spirogyra, observed by the greatest accumulation of bacteria in the blue and red regions of the spectrum.
C) Bacteria exposed to the action spectrum for photosynthesis showed no preference to any particular color of light.
D) Accessory pigments transfer some of the energy of excitation produced by green light to chlorophyll molecules.
E) Protons flow through the ATP synthase complex.

Question 33

How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP⁺ to NADPH?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 34

The reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes are:

A) the energy-releasing reactions.
B) the photorespiration reactions.
C) the sugar-producing reactions.
D) the carbon fixation reactions.
E) the light-dependent reactions.

Question 35

The reactants of the light-dependent reactions are:

A) H₂O, ADP, and NADP+.
B) CO₂, ADP, and NADP+.
C) H₂O, ATP, and NADPH.
D) CO₂, ADP, and NADPH.
E) H₂O, CO₂, and NADP+.

Question 36

The overall reactions of photosynthesis are best summarized as:

A) 12 CO₂ + 6 H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 12 O₂ + 6 H₂O.
B) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O $\rightarrow$ 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O.
C) 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O.
D) 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 12 O_2.
E) 6 H₂CO₃ + 6 H₂O $\rightarrow$ C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂.

Question 37

Figure 9-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Carbon is fixed in which part of the diagram in Figure 9-3?

A) A
B) G
C) 4
D) 2
E) 1

Question 38

In the overall reactions of photosynthesis, it appears that hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide to form a carbohydrate.This type of reaction is classified as:

A) a redox reaction.
B) an anaerobic reaction.
C) a catabolic reaction.
D) an oxidation reaction.
E) a hydrolytic reaction.

Question 39

Figure 9-3
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Where in Figure 9-3 is NADPH formed?

A) F
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2
E) B

Question 40

ATP is formed when __________ the thylakoid lumen.

A) hydrogen ions enter
B) hydrogen ions leave
C) electrons enter
D) electrons leave
E) water is split in

Question 41

At night, CAM plants incorporate CO₂ into __________, which is stored in the __________ of their cells.

A) fructose; vacuoles
B) acetyl CoA; mitochondria
C) glucose; starch granules
D) pyruvate; starch granules
E) malate; vacuoles

Question 42

Plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are:

A) photoheterotrophs
B) chemoheterotrophs.
C) chemoautotrophs.
D) independent trophs.
E) photoautotrophs.

Question 43

Animals, fungi, and many bacteria that use organic molecules as a source of both energy and carbon are:

A) photoautotrophs.
B) catabolic autotrophs.
C) chemoheterotrophs.
D) photoheterotrophs.
E) chemoautotrophs.

Question 44

An absorption spectrum indicates the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light.
__________________

Question 45

The first step in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to:

A) Rubisco.
B) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
C) phosphoglycerate
D) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate).
E) ATP.

Question 46

Explain the origin, location, and function of the proton gradient in the process of photosynthesis.

Question 47

In C₃ plants, the __________ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.

A) stomata
B) epidermis
C) spongy mesophyll
D) grana
E) cuticles

Question 48

The synthesis of ATP as a result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is an __________ reaction that is coupled to the diffusion of __________ down their concentration gradient.

A) endergonic; protons
B) energy-releasing; hydrogen ions
C) exergonic; electrons
D) energy-acquiring; electrons
E) oxidation; water

Question 49

The product of the Calvin cycle that is of greatest practical importance to the plant is carbohydrate.
__________________

Question 50

Surrounding the grana is the thylakoid lumen.
__________________

Question 51

Compare and contrast the cyclic and noncyclic electron transport pathways of photosynthesis.

Question 52

The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration occurs as a result of:

A) phosphorylation of AMP.
B) phosphorylation of ATP.
C) phosphorylation of ADP.
D) phosphorylation of G3P.
E) oxidation of NADPH.

Question 53

Which of the following is not one of the intermediates or products of the carbon fixation reactions?

A) NADPH
B) phosphogylcerate (PGA)
C) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
D) glucose
E) ribulose bisphosphate

Question 54

Ribulose phosphate is synthesized from:

A) NADP⁺.
B) pyruvate.
C) G3P.
D) RuBP.
E) CO₂.

Question 55

Which of the following is common to both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

A) NADP⁺ and NADPH
B) glycolysis
C) chemiosmosis
D) CO₂ and O₂ as end products
E) thylakoids

Question 56

Diagram and label the internal structure of a chloroplast.Briefly describe the function of each structure you labeled.

Question 57

In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms released as O₂ came from CO₂.
__________________

Question 58

What is the C₄ pathway? Briefly explain how this adaptation increases the effectiveness of photosynthesis in these plants.

Question 59

The part of a chlorophyll molecule that absorbs light energy is the porphyrin ring.
__________________

Question 60

In C₄ plants, reactions that fix CO₂ into four-carbon compounds occur in:

A) guard cells.
B) epidermal cells.
C) bundle sheath cells.
D) mesophyll cells.
E) xylem cells.

Question 61

At a plant's light compensation point the rate of photosynthesis is greater than the rate of respiration.
__________________

Question 62

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
reaction center for photosystem I

Question 63

Compare and contrast the processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.How are they similar and how do they differ?

Question 64

When photosynthetic pigments are extracted from the chloroplasts of green plants, they have a higher tendency to fluoresce than pigments within intact chloroplasts.Explain this phenomenon.

Question 65

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
may be one of the most abundant proteins in the biosphere

Question 66

Even though the steps of photosynthesis that actually produce sugar molecules are part of the carbon fixation reactions, the light-dependent reactions are absolutely essential for sugar synthesis.Explain the role of the light-dependent reactions in the formation of the end products of photosynthesis.

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
a group of ~250 chlorophyll molecules, enzymes, and other proteins

Question 68

Photorespiration is a wasteful process that could be largely avoided if rubisco would bind only CO₂.
__________________

Question 69

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
a green accessory pigment

Question 70

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
catalyzes the "fixation" of carbon dioxide

Question 71

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
antioxidants that inactivate reactive forms of oxygen

Question 72

Cyclic electron transport is different from noncyclic electron transport in that cyclic electron transport produces NADPH.
__________________

Question 73

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
functions as a CO₂-acceptor molecule

Question 74

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
two of these molecules leave the Calvin cycle and react, forming glucose or fructose

Question 75

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
Propose an appropriate solvent to be used in the extraction of photosynthetic pigments from chloroplasts.Explain your choice.

Question 76

ATP is generated when protons flow through the cytochrome complex in the thylakoid membrane.
__________________

Question 77

The photolysis of water occurs in conjunction with photosystem I.
__________________

Question 78

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
reaction center of photosystem II

Question 79

Match the component of the Calvin cycle with its description:
a.ATP
d.NADPH
b.RuBP
e.Rubisco
c.G3P
assuming the cycle begins with CO₂, this molecule is regenerated with each turn of the cycle

Question 80

MATCHING
Match the photosynthetic component with its description.
a.P680
d.chlorophyll b
b.P700
e.antenna complex
c.carotenoids
yellow and orange accessory pigments