Deck 16: Glacial Systems and Landforms

Question 1

A hanging valley is associated with ____.

A)ice sheets
B)ice caps
C)valley glaciers
D)sea-level change

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Evidence of a previous period of glaciation includes ____.

A)well sorted alluvium
B)patterned ground features
C)trellis drainage patterns
D)outwash plains

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During the Pleistocene, ____ experienced major glacial expansion.

A)North America and Eurasia
B)Antarctica and Greenland
C)Antarctica and North America
D)Greenland and South America

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Most of the world's glacial ice is located in ____.

A)Alaska
B)Iceland
C)Antarctica
D)Greenland

Question 5

A period during which significant areas of middle latitudes are covered by glaciers is referred to as an ____.

A)interglacial period
B)ablation era
C)ice age
D)glacial epoch

Question 6

What are two types of alpine glacier?

A)ice caps and cirque glaciers
B)valley glaciers and cirque glaciers
C)ice sheets and piedmont glaciers
D)ice caps and piedmont glaciers

Question 7

All glacial deposits are included within the general term ____.

A)outwash
B)moraine
C)drift
D)till

Question 8

A streamlined hill molded from till is termed a(n) ____.

A)roche moutonnée
B)arête
C)kame terrace
D)drumlin

Question 9

Crevasses are common ____.

A)where a glacier becomes stretched
B)in hanging valleys
C)in retreating glaciers
D)on continental glaciers and not alpine glaciers

Question 10

Continental glaciers ____.

A)flow plastically
B)move from thinner to thicker ice
C)move from warmer to cooler regions
D)do not flow

Question 11

Icebergs are created ____.

A)by freezing of sea water
B)by plucking
C)when a glacier flows into the ocean
D)by abrasion

Question 12

Some glaciers move in part by a process called ____.

A)basal sliding
B)ablation
C)abrasion
D)sublimation

Question 13

Lakes and marshes are common in recently glaciated areas because ____.

A)those areas have very humid climates
B)so much water was released by the melting of the ice
C)when the ice disappeared, sea level dropped, leaving much standing water stranded on the land
D)preexisting drainage was reshaped and blocked by glacial erosion and deposition

Question 14

Glaciers erode by the processes of ____.

A)ablation and abrasion
B)plucking and hydraulic action
C)deflation and saltation
D)plucking and abrasion

Question 15

Snow becomes glacial ice through a process of ____.

A)evaporation and precipitation
B)freezing and evaporation
C)precipitation and refreezing
D)melting and refreezing

Question 16

Which of the following features are most closely associated with lakes?

A)kettles and cirques
B)roche moutonnées and arêtes
C)horns and cols
D)eskers and erratics

Question 17

A glacier that is experiencing net ablation is ____.

A)retreating
B)advancing
C)in equilibrium
D)thickening

Question 18

What is the main difference between firn and glacial ice?

A)Firn has a bluer color.
B)Firn has a lower density.
C)Firn flows plastically.
D)Firn is older.

Question 19

The zone of ablation is ____.

A)upslope from the cirque
B)a feature of continental glaciers
C)downslope from the equilibrium line
D)underneath the firn and snow

Question 20

If ice flow in a glacier ceases, ____.

A)the glacier will continue to grow
B)the glacier is no longer considered active
C)accumulation is still taking place
D)the glacier is no longer calving

Question 21

The North American Great Lakes ____.

A)occupy kettles
B)are tarns
C)are oxbow lakes
D)occupy former river valleys deepened by glacial erosion

Question 22

Large plates of ice in the ocean attached to land along at least one side are known as ice plateaus.

Question 23

In the Colorado Rockies, south-facing slopes have greater glacial development than north-facing slopes.

Question 24

Glacial meltwater streams typically ____.

A)deposit till
B)are meandering
C)carry silts and clays
D)deposit outwash

Question 25

Sediment deposited by glacial meltwater is ____.

A)a tarn
B)better sorted than ice-contact deposits
C)clay
D)roche moutonnée

Question 26

If Greenland were to lose its ice sheet, we would expect its central land area to begin rising.

Question 27

Glacial sediments are more uniform in size than stream sediments.

Question 28

A valley train is ____.

A)a string of lakes in a glaciated valley
B)a deposit of till where a hanging valley entered the trunk glacier
C)a first-order tributary glacier
D)stream-deposited sediment just beyond the toe of a valley glacier

Question 29

What would likely provide the LEAST amount of information on the direction of ice flow?

A)roche mountonnée
B)striations
C)kettles
D)drumlins

Question 30

Important sources of sand and gravel in glaciated terrain are ____.

A)cols
B)roche moutonnées
C)eskers
D)erratics

Question 31

Glaciers tend to straighten preexisting valleys.

Question 32

____ exist where continental glaciers meet the ocean.

A)Outlet glaciers
B)Icebergs
C)Erratics
D)Outwash plains

Question 33

Permafrost is a good place to build because the temperature of the ground does not change.

Question 34

Net accumulation of a glacier results in glacial advance.

Question 35

The area of an alpine glacier that moves the fastest is the ____.

A)bottom middle
B)bottom sides
C)top middle
D)top sides

Question 36

During the Pleistocene ice age, ____.

A)all of Earth's fresh water was frozen
B)glaciers occupied the Amazon River basin
C)sea level was lower than it is today
D)the Antarctic ice sheet was smaller than it is today

Question 37

Whether a glacier is advancing, retreating, or in a state of equilibrium, the ice forming the glacier continues to move downslope.

Question 38

Cold polar continental glaciers flow faster than alpine glaciers.

Question 39

Glaciers have existed throughout all of Earth's history.

Question 40

What are depressions in glacial deposits made by the melting of blocks of underlying ice?

A)erratics
B)eskers
C)arêtes
D)kettles

Question 41

____________________ is the process of iceberg formation.

Question 42

How are lakes related to glaciers?

Question 43

____________________ are grooves or scratches on bedrock made by rock particles dragged and carried by the glacier.

Question 44

A deep, narrow, ocean inlet carved by glacial erosion is a(n) ____________________.

Question 45

A(n) ____________________ is a sharp, often pyramidal peak created by headward erosion of multiple alpine glaciers.

Question 46

A(n) ____________________ is a long, narrow, sinuous ridge formed by a stream depositing material beneath a glacier or ice sheet.

Question 47

Before becoming glacial ice, compact granular snow melts and refreezes into the substance called ____________________, with a density of about 0.5 grams per cubic centimeter.

Question 48

____________________ is any removal of frozen water mass from a glacier.

Question 49

Describe the differences between alpine and continental glaciers.

Question 50

Alluvium is to streams as ____________________ is to glaciers.

Question 51

A(n) ____________________ is a ridge of glacial deposits that marks the farthest advance of a glacier.

Question 52

The upper surface of a glacier is brittle and often contains cracks called ____________________.