Deck 13: Water Resources and Karst Landforms

Question 1

Acid mine drainage ____.

A)often raises the pH of local streams
B)is a problem in many of the coal-mining regions of the eastern United States
C)is primarily related to mining salt from the waters of the Great Lakes
D)is a procedure developed to reduce chemical pollutants in streams

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Karst usually develops in humid climates due to ____.

A)excess rainfall
B)greater amounts of vegetation
C)presence of streams
D)excess groundwater

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pumping ancient groundwater faster than it is being replenished is called ____.

A)water recharge
B)aquicluding
C)water mining
D)subsidence

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Karst refers to landforms and landscapes dominated by ____.

A)glaciers
B)volcanoes
C)oxidation
D)solution

Question 5

Speleology is the study of ____.

A)glaciers
B)weathering
C)caverns
D)streams

Question 6

Features that grow up from a cavern floor are known as ____.

A)uvalas
B)swallow holes
C)stalactites
D)stalagmites

Question 7

Which of the following represents the most intense karst development?

A)sinkholes
B)disappearing streams
C)haystack hills (hums)
D)columns

Question 8

Geothermal water is usually associated with ____.

A)areas of tectonic and volcanic activity
B)aquifers
C)areas of karst topography
D)warm climates

Question 9

Speleothems that form on the ceiling of caverns are called ____.

A)stalagmites
B)stalactites
C)dripstone
D)limestone

Question 10

Tower karst is most common in the ____.

A)high latitudes
B)humid tropics
C)humid mid-latitude
D)tropical deserts

Question 11

Large withdrawals of subsurface water can cause a sinking of the land known as ____.

A)artificial recharge
B)subsidence
C)a cone of depression
D)an artesian condition

Question 12

Cones of depression are caused by ____.

A)rapid artesian flow
B)pumping water wells
C)perched water tables
D)sinkholes

Question 13

Water most commonly percolates from ____.

A)the zone of saturation to the zone of aeration
B)the zone of saturation to the zone of porosity
C)the zone of aeration to the intermediate zone
D)an aquifer to an aquiclude

Question 14

Earth materials through which water flows rapidly ____.

A)have a high porosity
B)have a low porosity
C)have a high permeability
D)have a low permeability

Question 15

The zone of saturation ____.

A)lies directly beneath the zone of aeration
B)lies directly beneath the intermediate zone
C)is an aquiclude
D)lies directly above the zone of porosity

Question 16

The Ogallala aquifer underlies the ____.

A)Rocky Mountains
B)Appalachian Mountains
C)Florida peninsula
D)Great Plains

Question 17

Large-scale karst topography occurs primarily in ____.

A)North Dakota
B)the north-central Mediterranean region
C)Russia
D)Antarctica

Question 18

To be an artesian spring, a feature must ____.

A)contain salt water
B)flow above the local water table
C)lie below a cone of depression
D)have been drilled or dug by people

Question 19

Precipitation of calcium carbonate in caverns is most likely to create ____.

A)springs
B)uvalas
C)sinkholes
D)stalactites

Question 20

Rocks and sediments composed of clay-sized clasts generally have ____.

A)high permeability and high porosity
B)low permeability and low porosity
C)high permeability and low porosity
D)low permeability and high porosity

Question 21

Most hot springs and geysers contain a significant amount of minerals in solution.

Question 22

Springs may occur where the water table intersects the ground surface.

Question 23

Karst is the German word for cavern.

Question 24

Base flow is ____.

A)groundwater seeping into stream channels
B)stream water seeping through the channel into the subsurface
C)gravity flow of water from the zone of aeration to the zone of saturation
D)the rate at which water moves from the zone of aeration to the water table

Question 25

Joints can provide rocks with some porosity and permeability.

Question 26

Karst topography was named for a region located in ____.

A)southern China
B)Florida
C)Croatia
D)Japan

Question 27

Sinkhole collapse can result from lowering the water table.

Question 28

An extensive artesian groundwater system exists in South Dakota.

Question 29

Water in an artesian well ____.

A)erupts in steam and hot water
B)rises above the water table
C)slowly seeps naturally onto the surface
D)shoots out onto the ground surface in a natural fountain

Question 30

Some streams can give water to the groundwater system.

Question 31

Groundwater consists of all the water that lies on the surface of the ground.

Question 32

To be considered geothermal, water must ____.

A)erupt in a geyser
B)follow cyclical patterns
C)be heated by subsurface rocks
D)have a high pH

Question 33

In humid regions of low relief, the water table may be so high it intersects the ground surface.

Question 34

A region of the United States with a high concentration of karst lakes is located in ____.

A)Hawaii
B)Nevada
C)Florida
D)North Dakota

Question 35

A spelunker is a(n) ____.

A)dry artesian well
B)excellent aquifer
C)feature deposited in a cavern
D)person who explores caverns

Question 36

What is the amount of space between particles that make sup sediments and rocks?

A)porosity
B)recharge
C)infiltration
D)permeability

Question 37

Disappearing streams are natural outflows of water on the ground surface.

Question 38

Approximately how much of the freshwater on Earth exists in the frozen form, largely as ice and snow in the polar regions?

A)1%
B)10%
C)25%
D)70%

Question 39

An accumulation of groundwater above an aquiclude is called ____.

A)the water table
B)a perched water table
C)an aquifer
D)a spring

Question 40

Which of the following is a type of speleothem?

A)column
B)uvala
C)tower karst
D)swallow hole

Question 41

Surface water is absorbed into the subsurface in a process called ________________.

Question 42

The top of the zone of saturation is called the ________________.

Question 43

_______________ are natural surface outflows of groundwater.

Question 44

What is a perched water table, and what precautions need to be taken to use water found in one?

Question 45

________________ are circular surface depressions produced by groundwater dissolving limestone bedrock, usually at joint intersections.

Question 46

Describe in detail the path that a drop of water would take from striking Earth's surface as raindrop to reappearing at the surface in a spring.

Question 47

Coalescing sinkholes form a(n) ___________________.

Question 48

A(n) _______________ is an intermittent hot spring that erupts steam above the surface under unusually high pressure.

Question 49

___________________ is a rock type that has virtually no pore space.

Question 50

__________________ landscapes are found in regions of limestone bedrock.

Question 51

A rock layer that is porous and permeable and acts as a container and transmitter of water is called a(n) __________________.

Question 52

_______________ refers to the volume of pore space in rock in proportion to the total volume of rock material.