Deck 15: Consumer Guide to Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Psychologists who tend to be more research-based and focus on developing effective strategies to teach children and adults different concepts like reading or arithmetic are

A)counseling psychologists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)educational psychologists.
D)school psychologists.

Answer 1

educational psychologists.

Question 2

An RN who has received specialized training in addressing people with severe mental disorders like schizophrenia is referred to as a

A)psychosocial nurse.
B)psychoanalytic nurse.
C)psychiatric nurse.
D)psychosomatic nurse.

Answer 2

psychiatric nurse.

Question 3

Various kinds of clinical, counseling, educational, and school assess people with mental disorders.

A)teachers
B)volunteers
C)psychologists
D)graduate students

Answer 3

psychologists

Question 4

Special education teachers usually have a master's degree and often work closely with people with developmental disorders such as

A)attention deficit.
B)intellectual disability or autism.
C)antisocial personality.
D)Tourette's.

Question 5

Medical doctors who can prescribe medication for people with mental disorders are

A)therapists.
B)psychologists.
C)psychiatrists.
D)social workers.

Question 6

Individuals who perform assessments and interventions under professional supervision, while not holding advanced degrees, are known as

A)novice analysts.
B)paraprofessionals.
C)graduate assistants.
D)paratherapists.

Question 7

A psychologist or psychiatrist with specialized training in Freudian-based psychoanalysis may be referred to as a

A)psychopsychologist.
B)psychopsychiatrist.
C)psychoanalyst.
D)psychosocial worker.

Question 8

Clinical psychologists obtain an undergraduate degree, usually in , and then attend graduate school for at least ____ years.

A)psychology; six
B)sociology; four
C)psychology; two
D)psychology; four

Question 9

Psychologists who study human perception, memory, and thinking processes are referred to as

A)experimental and developmental psychologists.
B)cognitive and behavioral psychologists.
C)educational and cognitive psychologists.
D)cognitive and perceptual psychologists.

Question 10

Clinical psychologists who conduct a wide range of psychological testing and provide diagnosis and treatment of people with mental disorders would be considered

A)practitioners.
B)scientists.
C)parapsychologists.
D)socio-psychologists.

Question 11

Marriage and family therapists can be licensed as a separate entity in several states and often have a master's degree in

A)clinical or counseling psychology.
B)family or individual therapy.
C)marriage or clinical psychology.
D)clinical or group therapy.

Question 12

Clinical psychologists are often trained to work with people with severe behavioral problems, and often do so using a approach in which behavior change is the primary goal.

A)choice-oriented
B)change-oriented
C)decision-oriented
D)humanistic

Question 13

Beyond academic credentials, a clinical psychologist must have to practice independently.

A)a 2-year internship
B)a 3-mentor endorsement
C)a state licensing board certification
D)a federal board certification

Question 14

Psychologists who tend to focus on people with less severe problems, such as those needing vocational counseling or marriage and family therapy, are

A)educational psychologists.
B)school psychologists.
C)counseling psychologists.
D)clinical psychologists.

Question 15

The thematic focus of the final chapter of your textbook is

A)the treatment process.
B)the diagnosis process.
C)prognosis of a diagnosis.
D)distressing behaviors.

Question 16

Psychologists who apply psychological principles to legal issues are referred to as

A)developmental psychologists.
B)legal psychologists.
C)forensic psychologists.
D)experimental/legal psychologists.

Question 17

Psychologists who are usually affiliated with elementary, junior, and high schools and often assess children at risk for learning, developmental, and other mental disorders that could interfere with academic achievement are

A)counseling psychologists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)educational psychologists.
D)school psychologists.

Question 18

Clinical psychologists who conduct research on abnormal behavior would be considered

A)practitioners.
B)scientists.
C)parapsychologists.
D)socio-psychologists.

Question 19

Psychologists who focus on children and learning-based issues are psychologists.

A)educational and school
B)educational and counseling
C)school and counseling
D)clinical

Question 20

Freudian-based psychotherapy is administered by a psychologist or psychiatrist, referred to as a(n)

A)psychoanalyst.
B)analytical therapist.
C)cognitive insight therapist.
D)psychosocial analyst.

Question 21

How a therapist supports certain members of the marriage or family to "balance out" differences in power is an example of

A)therapeutic alignment.
B)therapeutic alliance.
C)therapeutic powershift.
D)establishment of control.

Question 22

While effective therapies can educate or illuminate a client toward improvement, a client must also

A)educate others about his/her needs.
B)practice new skills.
C)appreciate the need.
D)understand the process.

Question 23

Process variables are therapeutic aspects that are

A)common to all successful treatments.
B)specific to each therapeutic relationship.
C)less important during than after therapy.
D)identified as goals and shared with the client.

Question 24

One active ingredient of treatment is enhancing self-control.People with mental disorders learn in therapy to control their own maladaptive

A)thoughts.
B)physiological responses.
C)behaviors.
D)all of these are stressed in therapy.

Question 25

Regarding the many questions one might have as a potential mental health client,

A)it is best to stick to a few important ones.
B)tailor questions to the therapist's strong points.
C)to find the best fit, ask all your questions thoroughly.
D)there are too many questions since locating a therapist is random error.

Question 26

Eliana is in therapy for aggression.During the course of one of her therapeutic sessions, she realizes that much of her aggression stems from anger when she feels rejected by others.As part of realizing this, she and her therapist begin to work on building Eliana's social skills so that she will experience less rejection.Eliana's realization that her aggression stems from anger in reaction to depression is an example of which active ingredient in therapy?

A)Mastery
B)Self-control
C)Insight
D)Reflection

Question 27

Harold is applying his knowledge to the workplace and is studying productivity and quality of work-life.Harold is likely working as a(n)

A)industrial/organizational psychologist.
B)health psychologist.
C)industrial psychiatrist.
D)occupational therapist.

Question 28

Margeaux has autism, though it is not severe.She is in therapy to develop her social skills.As she tries out a skill in a role-playing exercise, her therapist let's her know how she is doing."A little more eye contact next time," says the therapist."Let's try it again." Margeaux's therapist is providing Margeaux with

A)insight.
B)self-control.
C)introspection.
D)feedback.

Question 29

The gain that many clients make due primarily to the expectation of improvement is called the

A)psychosomatic effect.
B)expectation rebound.
C)placebo effect.
D)subjective improvement effect.

Question 30

Gaining progress in the area of self-control will lead to of certain symptoms, which will result in less distress from them.

A)mastery
B)confidence building
C)elimination
D)minimizing

Question 31

One of the tips and tricks provided by Julia Martinez, known as the , occurs when graduate school seems horrible because everyone is smart and outstanding, causing some people to become depressed.

A)constructive cultural differences
B)"shining star" syndrome
C)graduate school intimidation
D)imposter feeling

Question 32

For therapy at the individual level, the two main factors that are considered important in enhancing therapeutic outcomes are

A)active treatment ingredients and outcome variables.
B)passive treatment ingredients and process variables.
C)active treatment ingredients and process variables.
D)passive treatment ingredients and outcome variables.

Question 33

A client should engage in constant self-exploration or to challenge internal assumptions and enjoy positive life experiences.

A)constructs
B)concepts
C)retrospection
D)introspection

Question 34

Andrea wants to go to graduate school in clinical psychology.Which of the following would be most helpful to her?

A)Engage in clinical research with a faculty mentor while an undergraduate
B)Volunteer at the food kitchen
C)Join a sorority that has mental illness as its major philanthropic effort
D)Participate in extracurricular activities related to wellness to demonstrate how well-rounded she is

Question 35

Interactions of the therapist and client, or , should be productive, free-flowing, and honest.

A)therapeutic alignment
B)therapeutic alliance
C)therapeutic analysis
D)therapeutic establishment

Question 36

When someone lets another person know how he/she is doing on a particular skill, he/she is offering that person

A)reflection.
B)feedback.
C)insight.
D)all of these.

Question 37

When considering the possibility of consuming mental health services, prospective clients should

A)rush in indiscriminately since time is the main issue.
B)identify the problem or need, seek referrals, and seek a specialist.
C)consider self-analysis first, then seek a professional.
D)make sure it is not just a passing inconvenience.

Question 38

Process variables are also known as

A)specific factors.
B)nonspecific factors.
C)placebo factors.
D)nonplacebo factors.

Question 39

Janis is trying to find a therapist to work with.He has major depressive disorder.Which question would it be inappropriate for Janis to ask a potential therapist?

A)Do you offer a sliding scale for your fees?
B)What type of therapy do you do?
C)What is your theoretical orientation?
D)What is your income level?

Question 40

Understanding the reasons behind one's own behavior defines which of the following terms?

A)Mastery
B)Self-control
C)Self-exploration
D)Insight

Question 41

Many clients report progress in therapy when they experience a release of emotions referred to as

A)therapeutic shift.
B)emotional release.
C)catharsis.
D)removal of stress.

Question 42

One basic right of people in mental health settings to receive care that provides a meaningful chance at some improvement is known as

A)right to refuse treatment.
B)least restrictive treatment.
C)right to treatment.
D)right to psychiatric care.

Question 43

A person has the , meaning he does not have to be subjected to risky psychological or medical procedures such as surgery without proper consent.

A)right to refuse treatment
B)right to the least restrictive treatment
C)right to insurance coverage
D)right to ethical treatment

Question 44

Psychologists who conduct assessment, treatment, or research regarding child custody cases, criminal profiling, eyewitness testimony, police interrogations, interpersonal violence, sexual harassment, and jury selection are

A)police psychologists.
B)forensic psychologists.
C)criminal psychologists.
D)social psychologists.

Question 45

Community-based interventions often include public health policy regarding people with mental disorders.This policy often comes in the form of

A)sweeping government legislation.
B)community intervention.
C)institutional guidelines.
D)insurance reimbursement changes.

Question 46

Treatment manuals are to as prescriptive treatments are to .

A)custom-made; one-size-fits-all
B)one-size-fits-all; custom-made
C)small scale; large scale
D)large scale; small scale

Question 47

Controversy remains about how many people aftercare services.

A)stay too long with
B)have access to
C)refuse to use
D)believe in the success of

Question 48

Prescriptive treatment is important when seeking therapy.Clients should expect any therapist to conduct a thorough assessment of their problem to determine the

A)best treatment.
B)course of the disorder.
C)disorder prognosis.
D)diagnosis.

Question 49

When little Jimmy found support and justification during family therapy with his domineering parents, the therapist was using the to help "balance out" this imbalance of power.

A)power structure realignment technique
B)homeostatic family method
C)therapeutic alignment
D)arbitrary, inflammatory technique

Question 50

A main advantage of is that large numbers of people with problems can be helped.

A)self-help groups
B)institutions
C)community centers
D)private counseling

Question 51

Self-help groups have produced numerous benefits and improved the quality of life for many people.However, they have also been criticized for

A)lack of professional presence and dropout rates.
B)being unrealistically supportive and overindulgent.
C)losing track of members and overfocusing on complex problems.
D)lack of accurate success statistics and being inconsistent.

Question 52

Treatment that focuses on enhancing quality of life for people and concentrating on their relationships with different social structures is included under the rubric of

A)personal psychology.
B)community psychology.
C)social psychology.
D)psychology.

Question 53

A recent trend in evaluating treatment is the development of for clinicians that provide detailed instructions for addressing clients with a certain problem and what techniques should be used.

A)concept charts
B)diagnosis plans
C)manuals
D)treatment prognosis plans

Question 54

Identifying specific individual causes for a disorder as well as a specific subsequent treatment plan involves treatment.

A)manualized
B)medications
C)psychophysiological
D)prescriptive

Question 55

So­called "manualized" treatments of mental disorders

A)provide detailed instructions for specific disorders.
B)have acknowledged individual etiology differences.
C)are general suggestions and identification guidelines.
D)are poorly organized and ineffective.

Question 56

Aftercare services are effective for people with severe mental disorders such as depression, substance abuse, and schizophrenia.

A)extremely
B)rarely
C)somewhat but not highly
D)never

Question 57

The theory behind placing people with pervasive developmental disorders into smaller, community-based facilities is called

A)acclimation and social learning.
B)normative behavioral modeling.
C)normalization and social role valorization.
D)behavioral normalization and anti-stratification.

Question 58

Movement to smaller, community-based facilities is based on and , or beliefs that people living in more normal circumstances will behave less unusually and be more valued by others.

A)socialization; social role validation
B)socialization; social role valorization
C)normalization; social role validation
D)normalization; social role valorization

Question 59

Halfway houses, day hospitals, and supervised work and occupational centers are all aspects of

A)marginal placement efforts.
B)aftercare services.
C)arbitrary post treatment plans.
D)rehabilitation services.

Question 60

Some group homes are restrictive as larger residential facilities, which may hinder certain skills.

A)far less
B)somewhat less
C)just as
D)none of these apply to group homes

Question 61

If you or someone you know is hospitalized for a mental condition, it is your right to ask

A)what the treatment options are.
B)how long a stay is required.
C)what conditions allow for discharge.
D)all of these are rights of a hospitalized individual.

Question 62

Intervention for people with mental disorders is based on a legal principle of , meaning a person should be effectively treated in a manner allowing as much freedom as possible.

A)right to refuse treatment
B)least restrictive treatment
C)ethics
D)consentuality

Question 63

One ethical question raised by the use of managed care is

A)prognosis definitions.
B)diagnosis criteria.
C)DSM classifications.
D)permission to provide information and how much.

Question 64

Differences between a therapist and client with regard to religion, geographical and educational background, and income level can affect

A)the cost of therapy.
B)the type of therapy employed.
C)how long a person stays in therapy.
D)how effective the therapeutic session is.

Question 65

Private practitioners often use various techniques for clients, depending on which seems most effective at the time.This means they are considered to be or a .

A)eclectic; generalist
B)analytical; generalist
C)analytical; specialist
D)eclectic; specialist

Question 66

In the 1970s, the quick-fix treatment for ADHD involving dietary sugar and limitations on additives was found to be

A)quite effective.
B)moderately effective.
C)somewhat effective.
D)ineffective.

Question 67

Common factors that may limit treatment's effectiveness include

A)non-prescriptive treatment, non-compliance, and client-therapist differences.
B)inaccurate diagnosis, inconsistent treatment, and client resistance.
C)marginal treatments, client non-commitment, and therapist distraction.
D)non-commitment from client and therapist, and vague goals.

Question 68

When a client fails to put into action a plan developed with the therapist, he/she is said to be demonstrating

A)treatment refusal.
B)resistance.
C)treatment non-compliance.
D)compliance refusal.

Question 69

A psychologist is expected to his value system onto a client.

A)carefully project
B)refrain from projecting
C)overlay
D)force

Question 70

Use of managed care can services clients receive under certain coverage plans because insurance companies have essentially set the tone for what type of assessment and therapy a client can receive.

A)limit
B)improve
C)modify
D)increase

Question 71

In the case of someone who wishes to continue hurting himself, or with a society's right to be protected from a dangerous person, basic rights of a hospitalized individual may

A)conflict with each other.
B)be correlated with each other.
C)correspond with each other.
D)be comorbid with each other.

Question 72

Therapists may be reluctant to treat problems such as social withdrawal or school refusal behavior, because there is no

A)formal prognosis.
B)formal diagnosis.
C)treatment protocol.
D)evaluation instrument available.

Question 73

Researchers often the very cases clinicians see in their practice.

A)include
B)modify
C)exclude
D)re-diagnose

Question 74

Ethnicity is extremely relevant to the therapeutic process.Research in this area.

A)has been a prolific
B)has been inconclusive
C)remains sparse
D)none of these relates to research regarding ethnicity

Question 75

Don is an atheist who feels that believing in a god of any kind is a sign of intellectual weakness and needs to be removed for mental health.Karen and Curt come to him for marital counseling, and they are both evangelical Christians.To Karen and Curt, their problems cannot be addressed outside of understanding them in their religious context, but Don sees the religious context as the problem.Even if Don is an outstanding therapist, he may find it hard to counsel Karen and Curt successfully because of which limitation to therapy's effectiveness?

A)Karen and Curt's overcommitment to their religious beliefs
B)Don's overspecialiation as a researcher
C)Managed care
D)Client-therapist differences

Question 76

The main problem with evaluating research-based specialized clinics versus general private practice treatment is that researchers tend to be

A)too withdrawn from everyday realities.
B)focused on one specific disorder and do not address comorbidity.
C)unable to consider psychosocial variables.
D)only concerned with research reports.

Question 77

Private practitioners are often , which means they use various techniques for various clients, depending on what seems most effective at the time.

A)researchers
B)eclectic
C)analytical
D)validity seeking

Question 78

Basic rights for people hospitalized with mental disorders include the

A)right to personal privacy, the right to receive treatment, and the right to legal representation.
B)right to treatment, the right to refuse treatment, and the right to end one's life.
C)right to treatment itself, the right to refuse treatment, and the right to the least restrictive treatment.
D)right to legal counsel, the right to refuse treatment, and the right to be protected.

Question 79

Insurance company managed care provisions are seen overall as

A)highly advantageous, with structured guidelines and oversight.
B)being neither good nor bad but just a fact of life.
C)having many drawbacks and being mainly disadvantageous for clients.
D)having a few drawbacks but many more advantages.

Question 80

A possible consequence of managed care is that some clients may once their insurance company stops payments.

A)relapse
B)be reluctant to pay full value
C)end therapy
D)falsify another set of symptoms