Deck 1: Criminal Justice Today

Question 1

Different segments of society - separated by social class, income, age, and race- that are engaged in a constant struggle with each other for control of society is depicted by which of the following models?

A)Conflict model
B)Consensus model
C)Law of the land
D)Crime control model

Answer 1

Conflict model

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of white-collar crime?

A)gambling
B)theft
C)prostitution
D)bribery

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Motor vehicle theft, larceny, burglary, and arson are all categorized as what type of crime?

A)Property crime
B)Public-order crime
C)Violent crime
D)White-collar crime

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Public drunkenness, prostitution, gambling, and illicit drug use are examples of what kind of crime?

A)Property crime
B)Public-order crime
C)Violent crime
D)White-collar crime

Question 5

Wildlife wardens, alcohol and beverage control agents, and fire marshals are examples of law enforcement officers at the ____ level.

A)Municipal
B)County
C)State
D)Federal

Question 6

The constitution gives the federal government certain express powers, including all of the following EXCEPT:

A)The power to coin money
B)Police powers
C)The right to raise an army
D)The right to regulate interstate commerce

Question 7

Illegal acts by illegal organizations are referred to as ____ crimes.

A)High-tech
B)Public-order
C)Organized
D)White-collar

Question 8

Federalism refers to:

A)A system of government dominated by an all-powerful federal government
B)A system of checks and balances within the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government
C)A system of government in which states are independent and self-governing
D)A sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities

Question 9

All of the following are goals that fulfill the purpose of the criminal justice system EXCEPT:

A)To control crime
B)To prevent crime
C)To observe crime
D)To provide and maintain justice

Question 10

An illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage is referred to as_______________.

A)Property crime
B)Public-order crime
C)Violent crime
D)White-collar crime

Question 11

An act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal statutes is

A)A crime
B)A felony
C)A tort
D)Deviant

Question 12

Public order crimes are sometimes referred to as ________________.

A)Deviant crimes
B)Victimless crimes
C)Misdemeanors
D)Petty offenses

Question 13

What level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities?

A)Federal
B)Local
C)National
D)State

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding deviance?

A)Deviance is an objective concept that all members of society agree upon
B)Deviance is another term used to describe all criminal activity
C)Deviance is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society
D)Deviance is always considered criminal in nature

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the components in the integrated definition of crime?

A)Punishable under criminal law, as determined by the majority of a society or, in some cases, a powerful minority
B)Considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials, not by victims and their relatives or friends
C)Punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life
D)Considered an offense against an individual, but prosecuted by the state who is paid by the victim

Question 16

What is the most common form of criminal activity?

A)Property crime
B)Public-order crime
C)Violent crime
D)White-collar crime

Question 17

All of the following are major categories of violent crime, EXCEPT:

A)Murder
B)Assault and battery
C)Burglary
D)Sexual assault

Question 18

The consensus model is a criminal justice model in which:

A)the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold economic, political, and social power in a community
B)a majority of citizens in society agree on what activities should be outlawed and punished as crimes
C)specific social groups determine which deviant behaviors are to be defined as criminal
D)the primary focus of law is to protect the individual from the power of government

Question 19

Robbery is considered a ________ crime.

A)Property crime
B)Public-order crime
C)Violent crime
D)White-collar crime

Question 20

A new typology of crime that is directly related to the increased use of computers in everyday life is referred to as ____.

A)High-tech
B)Public-order
C)Organized
D)White-collar

Question 21

Which layer of the "Wedding Cake Model" consists of misdemeanors?

A)Top
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 22

The ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action is known as ____________.

A)Choice
B)Control
C)Discretion
D)Power

Question 23

____ house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences.

A)Jails
B)Parole agencies
C)Prisons
D)Probation offices

Question 24

Which of the following criminal justice system models can be represented as an obstacle course?

A)Crime control model
B)Due process model
C)Expeditions trial model
D)Fair trial model

Question 25

The United States has a ____ court system.

A)Dual
B)Primary
C)Single
D)Tertiary

Question 26

The text refers to the judge, prosecutors, and defense attorneys in a criminal court as the court's ___________.

A)Work group
B)Functional unit
C)Justice team
D)Professional staff

Question 27

Which of the following models can be represented as an assembly line, ensuring a quick and rapid conclusion of the process?

A)Crime control model
B)Due process model
C)Expeditions trial model
D)Fair trial model

Question 28

Those convicted of minor crimes with relatively short sentences, as well as those awaiting trial or transfer, are held in ____.

A)Jails
B)Parole agencies
C)Prisons
D)Probation offices

Question 29

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the U.S.Secret Service are all considered to be ____ law enforcement.

A)Federal
B)Local
C)Municipal
D)State

Question 30

The most common correctional treatment, which allows the offender to return to the community and remain under the supervision of the agent of the court, is:

A)House arrest
B)Intensive supervised probation
C)Parole
D)Probation

Question 31

Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender, she or he is delegated to the ____ system.

A)Corrections
B)Management
C)Supervision
D)Treatment

Question 32

Which of the following is a discretionary decision made by prosecutors?

A)The decision to punish a prisoner who misbehaves
B)The decision to accept a plea
C)The decision to arrest a suspect
D)The decision to reduce charges

Question 33

Which layer of the "Wedding Cake Model" of criminal justice comes closest to meeting our standards of ideal justice with the use of committed (and expensive) attorneys arguing minute technicalities of the law?

A)Top
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 34

"Ordinary" felonies are found on which layer of the "Wedding Cake Model" of criminal justice?

A)Top
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 35

Community-based corrections includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Minimum security prisons
B)Residential centers
C)Halfway houses
D)Work-release centers

Question 36

Community supervision that occurs after release from jail or prison is called:

A)Management time
B)Parole
C)Probation
D)Supervision period

Question 37

Misdemeanors comprise ____ of all arrests by police.

A)1/4
B)1/2
C)2/3
D)3/4

Question 38

Herbert Packer likened the idealized criminal justice system to a(n):

A)Sports team
B)Assembly line
C)Tangled bureaucracy
D)Obstacle course

Question 39

________ investigate most crimes and attempt to deter crime through patrol activities.

A)Local police
B)Highway patrol officers
C)State police agencies
D)Federal agencies

Question 40

The informal criminal justice process relies upon the use of:

A)Discretion
B)Equal treatment
C)Policy-guided decision making
D)Statute-defined decision making

Question 41

Online gambling and online pornography are examples of public-order crimes.

Question 42

The bulk of all police officers are employed at the federal level.

Question 43

The most frequent type of release from a jail or prison is probation, in which an inmate, after serving part of his term in a correctional facility, is allowed to serve the rest of his term in the community.

Question 44

The three general goals of the modern criminal justice system are to control crime, to prevent crime, and to hold offenders accountable for their actions.

Question 45

Almost ________ of all gang-related homicides are carried out with firearms.

A)45%
B)63%
C)83%
D)95%

Question 46

Probation is the most common correctional treatment.

Question 47

Law enforcement anticipates a decrease in gang-related drug offenses as a result of the violent situation in Mexico.

Question 48

The Consensus model assumes that as people gather together to form a society, its members naturally come to a basic agreement with regard to shared norms and values.

Question 49

The terms assault and battery refer to two separate acts.

Question 50

The United States has a dual court system; that is, we have two independent judicial systems, one on the federal level and one on the state level.

Question 51

All of the following are examples of illegal psychoactive drugs EXCEPT:

A)Marijuana
B)Alcohol
C)Heroin
D)Cocaine

Question 52

Fairness, not efficiency, is the ultimate goal of the due process model.

Question 53

Deviance is an objective concept; society agrees on which behaviors should be criminalized.

Question 54

According to the National Gang Intelligence Center, street gangs are responsible for __________ of street crime in this country.

A)80%
B)50%
C)35%
D)12%

Question 55

Burglary refers to the unlawful entry of a structure with the intention of committing a felony such as theft.

Question 56

According to the Conflict model, different segments of society have different value systems and shared norms and are engaged in a constant struggle to control society.

Question 57

The fourth layer of the "Wedding Cake Model," which represents misdemeanors, is the closest the system comes to realizing idealized justice.

Question 58

The use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives is referred to as:

A)Organized crime
B)Street crime
C)Terrorism
D)White collar crime

Question 59

Discretion is most associated with the informal criminal justice process.

Question 60

In 2009, violent and nonviolent crime rates ________________________.

A)Doubled
B)Increased slightly
C)Remained stable
D)Decreased

Question 61

The ______________ layer of the wedding cake model consists of a handful of high-profile cases.

Question 62

A __________ is defined as wrong against society proclaimed by law and, if committed under certain circumstances, punished by society.

Question 63

The chief law enforcement officer of most counties is the __________________.

Question 64

Contrast the Crime Control and Due Process models of criminal justice. In your opinion, which of the two best represents the ideal American criminal justice system, and why?

Question 65

The unlawful killing of one human being by another is ________________.

Question 66

List and describe the essential elements of the corrections system.

Question 67

Civil rights are the personal rights and protections guaranteed by the ____________________.

Question 68

Describe the three general goals of the criminal justice system.

Question 69

Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal.

Question 70

Explain the difference between the informal and the formal criminal justice processes.