Deck 9: Victims of Violence by Lovers and Family Members

Question 1

The victim blaming process starts when an assumption is made that there is something wrong with the victim.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The term "facilitation" refers to those situations in which victims carelessly and unknowingly make it easier for a criminal to commit a theft.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Research in the late 1960s by the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (NCCPV) concluded that shared responsibility was the least frequent or relevant contributing factor in robberies.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In accounting for repeat victimizations, the theory of boost explanation focuses on the offender.

Question 5

The term "subintentional death" has been applied to situations in which victims played a contributory role in their own demise.

Question 6

Provocation accuses the loser of being more responsible than the victor for a fight that occurs.

Question 7

Steal-to-sell operations alter the registration and title documents and vehicle identification number in what is called jiggling.

Question 8

The equivalent group explanation holds that crime prevention rests upon interventions that are designed to block criminal opportunities from developing in a particular time and place.

Question 9

Vulnerability is a dimension that refers to a target's ability to resist and repel an attack.

Question 10

The first in-depth investigation of what was deemed to be victim precipitation centered on homicide.

Question 11

Auto theft and burglary are the property crimes most often cited by victimologists who study the problem of provocation.

Question 12

The idea of shared responsibility suggests that there is a possible explanation for why a particular person was a crime victim.

Question 13

Offender blaming resists any attempt to shift the burden of full responsibility off lawbreakers' backs and onto the victims' shoulders.

Question 14

Locking the car doors, activating an alarm, and parking in a well-monitored area are examples of target hardening.

Question 15

"Friendly fraud," that is, identity theft committed by persons known to their victims, appears to be on the decline among young adults.

Question 16

Victim defenders challenge whether it is accurate and fair to try to hold the wounded party accountable in any degree for his or her own injuries or losses.

Question 17

Avoidance strategies are actions people take to limit personal exposure to dangerous people and frightening situations.

Question 18

Auto theft is among several crimes for which organized victim-blaming lobbies have developed.

Question 19

Arguments that the victims of a crime might share responsibility with their offenders for what happened due to facilitation, precipitation, and provocation have been characterized as victim blaming.

Question 20

Out of 36 million alarm activations across the country responded to by the police, about 95% were false alarms.

Question 21

Neither the offender nor the victim is the real culprit, according to which of the following?

A) The just world outlook
B) System blaming
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 22

Which of the following terms has been applied when those who get killed play contributory roles in their deaths by exercising poor judgment, taking excessive risks, or pursuing a self-destructive lifestyle?

A) Provocation
B) Boost explanation
C) Facilitation
D) Subintentional death

Question 23

Which of the following resists any attempt to shift the burden of full responsibility off lawbreakers' backs and onto the victims' shoulders?

A) The just world outlook
B) Offender defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 24

Which of the following are operations that dismantle stolen cars and sell the parts as if they came from legitimate salvage and recycling pipelines?

A) Theft rings
B) Chop shops
C) Pawn shops
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following demographics of the head of household is the most important determinant of whether or not someone is likely to facilitate a burglary?

A) Socioeconomic status
B) Race
C) Age
D) Gender

Question 26

Which of the following terms refers to those situations in which victims carelessly and unknowingly make it easier for a criminal to commit a theft?

A) Provocation
B) Precipitation
C) Facilitation
D) Curiosity

Question 27

Which of the following implies that the loser is more responsible than the victor for the victimization that occurred?

A) Provocation
B) Precipitation
C) Facilitation
D) Penalization

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT an example of a "Technique of Neutralization"?

A) "That guy was asking for it!"
B) "They are a bunch of crooks themselves!"
C) "We should get a medal for this!"
D) "That person did not deserve this!"

Question 29

Which of the following is the belief that people get what they deserve?

A) The just world outlook
B) Victim defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 30

In accounting for repeat victimizations, which of the following terms focuses on the offender?

A) Penal couple
B) Duet frame of reference
C) Boost explanation
D) Flag explanation

Question 31

Auto theft and burglary are the property crimes most often cited by victimologists who study which of the following problems?

A) Provocation
B) Precipitation
C) Facilitation
D) Curiosity

Question 32

Which of the following bear no responsibility because they tried to protect themselves by scrupulously following crime prevention tips suggested by security specialists to protect personal data?

A) Conscientious victims
B) Conventionally cautious victims
C) Carelessly facilitating victims
D) Precipitative victims

Question 33

Which of the following is defined as a classification scheme that aids in the understanding of what a group has in common and how it differs from others?

A) A typology
B) A trend
C) A rate
D) A profile

Question 34

Which of these challenges whether it is accurate and fair to try to hold the wounded party accountable to some degree for his or her own injuries or losses?

A) The just world outlook
B) Victim defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 35

Which of the following terms is applied to those cases wherein the person killed had been the first to use force by drawing a weapon, striking the first physical blow during an argument, or in some way initiating violence to settle a dispute?

A) Provocation
B) Precipitation
C) Facilitation
D) Penal couple

Question 36

Responsibility for one's conduct is a changing concept.Which of the following influences its interpretation?

A) Social conditions
B) Political conditions
C) Cultural conditions
D) These are all correct

Question 37

Which of the following arguments characterizes that the victims of a crime might share responsibility with their offenders for what happened due to facilitation, precipitation, and provocation?

A) System blaming
B) Victim defending
C) Victim blaming
D) Offender blaming

Question 38

By definition, victim-facilitated burglaries are not break-ins, but are which of the following acts?

A) Robbery
B) Trespass
C) Criminal mischief
D) Vandalism

Question 39

In accounting for repeat victimizations, which of the following terms emphasizes the vulnerability and attractiveness of the target?

A) Penal couple
B) Duet frame of reference
C) Boost explanation
D) Flag explanation

Question 40

The National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS) keep track of categories of household burglaries, including which of the following?

A) Unlawful entries
B) Attempted forcible entries
C) Forcible entries
D) All of these categories are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following refers to making an offender's task more difficult through threat assessment and advanced planning?

A) Avoidance strategies
B) Risk management
C) Crime prevention
D) Crime resistance

Question 42

According to police expert recommendations, in the event of being robbed, which of the of the following should you do?

A) Make every attempt to resist the attack.
B) Do not follow the robber's instructions.
C) Voluntarily cooperate more than asked.
D) Observe the appearance of the robber(s).

Question 43

Why are some people chronically victimized? How does this tie into the concept of shared responsibility?

Question 44

Arguments that the victims of crime might share responsibility with their offenders are common in victimology.Outline and discuss the concepts of victim blaming and victim defending.

Question 45

Assume a scenario wherein a husband has a long history of physical abuse toward his wife and children.The wife's order of protection and previous complaints to the police have not stopped the abuse.One night, the wife shoots the husband in his sleep.Examine this scenario from the perspectives of "victim blaming," "victim defending," and "system blaming."

Question 46

Which of the following refers to minimizing the chances of being harmed when exposure is unavoidable?

A) Situational crime prevention
B) Crime control
C) Target hardening
D) Risk-management tactics

Question 47

One theory explaining why some groups suffer higher victimization rates than others calls attention to exact locations, rather than to the general lifestyles of particular individuals.Which of the following refers to this theory?

A) The deviant place factor
B) The equivalent group explanation
C) The subculture of violence theory
D) The social ecology of victimization

Question 48

Briefly define deterrence theory and summarize arguments for and against it regarding offenders.Then summarize parallel arguments for and against it regarding victims.What is the status of victimology research regarding the questions raised by these arguments?

Question 49

The number of offenses committed will not drop when targets are hardened because criminal activity simply will be displaced.This is according to which of the following theories?

A) The typology of crime facilitation
B) The valve theory of crime shifts
C) The carelessly facilitating victims theory
D) The theory of precipitative initiators

Question 50

The notions of victim facilitation, precipitation, and provocation have been derived from the broader theme of shared responsibility.Outline and discuss each of these concepts.Compare and contrast them.