Deck 6: Victims and the Criminal Justice System: Cooperation and Conflict

Question 1

Minimalists react strongly to a perceived crisis, assuming the worst and attempting to mobilize people and resources to combat the crisis.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

African-American youth experience disproportionately higher rates of maltreatment compared to their numbers in the population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Girls generally experience slightly higher rates of maltreatment than boys.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The deceitful tricks abductors use to entice child victims are called child lures.

Question 5

The notion that children were the property of their parents legitimized corporal punishment of young offenders.

Question 6

Most child kidnapping cases involve a stranger.

Question 7

Pediatric radiologists are doctors who study X-rays of childhood injuries.

Question 8

Statutory rape generally is defined as sexual intercourse involving a teenager younger than 18 years and a partner five or more years older.

Question 9

The broader catchphrase "missing children" refers to all those children whose whereabouts are unknown by their parents and/or caretakers.

Question 10

Sibling-on-sibling violence is the least studied type of assault because it is also the least frequent.

Question 11

In general, the minimalist position is marked by a skeptical stance that tends to downplay the scope and seriousness of a problem.

Question 12

In general, the maximalist position argues that a problem is reaching epidemic proportions.

Question 13

The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act mandates the FBI to enter information about missing and abducted children into its database within 24 hours of receiving a police report.

Question 14

In 2016, the death of children from maltreatment was 2.36 children per 100,000.

Question 15

Lawsuits alleging childhood sexual abuse based on later recovery of repressed memories reached a peak in 1990 and tapered off dramatically after 1993.

Question 16

The purpose of the Amber Alert is to keep abused children from becoming delinquent.

Question 17

A guardian ad litem is a court-appointed psychologist who specializes in evaluating child victims.

Question 18

The social movement that was instrumental in drafting new child kidnapping laws was the child-search movement.

Question 19

Most members of the nationwide group for survivors of childhood sexual abuse by Roman Catholic priests are men.

Question 20

The UCR is a helpful database to research child kidnappings.

Question 21

When an abductee is detained through trickery or manipulation as opposed to force, which of these has occurred?

A) Inveiglement
B) A Code Adam
C) Stranger danger
D) An Amber Alert

Question 22

In 1993, the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect sponsored a large survey of various professionals, who reported hearing more than 12,000 accusations of ritual abuse by organized satanic cults.What further information did this study find about those accusations?

A) Approximately one half of the accusations were proven, or were supported by evidence.
B) Approximately one quarter of the accusations were supported by some kind of evidence.
C) Some cases were found of ritual abuse by isolated individuals or couples, but not groups.
D) Some cases were found of proven ritual crimes involving sexual abuses, but not murders.

Question 23

Pseudomemories are which of the following?

A) Among the symptoms identified in one form of post-traumatic stress disorder
B) A clinical diagnosis determined by phenomena that the patient experiences
C) Delusions arising from a therapist's repetition of persuasive suggestions
D) Not accurately defined through any one or more of these descriptions

Question 24

Which of the following prohibited state courts from modifying original custody decrees issued by other states or tribal authorities, except in compliance with its provisions?

A) The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
B) The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act
C) The National Child Safety Act
D) The Child Tragedies Coalition

Question 25

The National Incidence Study (NIS) of Child Abuse and Neglect found that more than how many children were victims of harmful maltreatment from 2005 to 2006?

A) 500,000
B) 750,000
C) 1 million
D) 1.25 million

Question 26

Child maltreatment includes which of the following?

A) Neglect
B) Physical abuse
C) Sexual abuse
D) All of these are correct.

Question 27

Countries have lower levels of child maltreatment when they have which of the following?

A) Child care and preschool
B) Universal health insurance
C) Parental leave and visiting nurses
D) All of these correlate with lower levels.

Question 28

The rediscovery of concern for the kidnapping of children coincided with which of the following?

A) The existing concern for the kidnapping of adults
B) The concern over the traditional family structure
C) The high rate of arrests for it that had developed
D) The high rate of its occurrence that was reported

Question 29

Which kind of doctors triggered the rediscovery of physical abuse in the early 1960s by publicizing child injuries that they documented in the X-rays they studied?

A) Pediatric orthopedists
B) Pediatric physiatrists
C) Pediatric oncologists
D) Pediatric radiologists

Question 30

During the late 1990s, many states set up systems to enable law enforcement agencies to enlist the cooperation of the public when searching for an abducted child.These are known as what kind of systems?

A) Stockholm Alert systems
B) Code Adam systems
C) Kendra's Law systems
D) Amber Alert systems

Question 31

In general, which position is marked by a skeptical stance that tends to downplay the scope and seriousness of a problem?

A) Conservative
B) Progressive
C) Maximalist
D) Minimalist

Question 32

To provide a child victim with support and advice during legal proceedings, the courts arrange for which of the following?

A) A Big Brother or Big Sister
B) A guardian ad litem
C) An Assistant District Attorney
D) A guidance counselor

Question 33

Beginning in the 1970s, reformers urged state legislatures to add which of the following to the list of occupations designated as mandatory reporters of suspected child abuse?

A) Clergy
B) Educators
C) Physicians
D) Daycare staff

Question 34

Battered-child syndrome was identified as a clinical condition of non-accidental injuries repeatedly inflicted by parents or guardians in which of the following years?

A) 1953
B) 1962
C) 1977
D) 1980

Question 35

Legal notions of progeny as the property of their parents legitimized which of the following?

A) Corporal punishment of children
B) Capital punishment
C) Turning troublesome children out of the house
D) Children running away from home

Question 36

Which of the following is a solution to the difficulty of prosecuting cases of incest?

A) Children's allegations will always carry more influence than adults' denials will.
B) Many states have much longer statutes of limitations for civil than criminal suits.
C) Tangible evidence can often be recovered and tested retroactively in many cases.
D) There are typically eyewitnesses available and willing to testify when requested.

Question 37

When does a kidnapping become a federal crime?

A) When a weapon is used
B) When the victim is a child
C) When the suspect is a registered sex offender
D) When the kidnapper demands a ransom

Question 38

Which of the following outlooks is assumed to be characterized as assuming the worst?

A) Conservative
B) Progressive
C) Maximalist
D) Minimalist

Question 39

The Roman Catholic Church disclosed in 2007 that during the five years since its sexual abuse crisis erupted, they had received approximately how many credible accusations against its clergy dating back to 1950?

A) 250
B) 1,000
C) 9,000
D) 13,000

Question 40

What do victimologists call the clinical condition of non-accidental injuries repeatedly inflicted by parents or guardians, reflecting a cyclical pattern of inflicting excessive punishments?

A) Shaken-baby syndrome
B) Battered-child syndrome
C) Adam Walsh syndrome
D) Stockholm Syndrome

Question 41

Which kinds of families are found to be the most violent?

A) Families of boys and girls
B) Families having all boys
C) Families having all girls
D) Families are all the same

Question 42

Identify and explain the various negative effects experienced by victims of child abuse.

Question 43

National research in 2002 indicated that 13 percent of girls' and 5 percent of boys' first sexual experiences could be considered technically as statutory rapes.These cases also involve which of the following?

A) Involved one partner forcing the other
B) Would be illegal under any conditions
C) Would be legal if partners were of age
D) Involved mostly boyfriends/girlfriends

Question 44

To avoid further traumatizing child victims, the idea of child-friendly courtroom settings and practices has taken hold in recent years.Describe and discuss these practices.

Question 45

Discuss two policies and programs used to address missing children.Are they successful? How so?

Question 46

Why are data about child kidnapping so sparse? What impact does this have on our understanding of the crime?

Question 47

In 1990, which of the following declared that children should be considered to be competent witnesses unless there is evidence to the contrary?

A) The Child Savers Movement
B) The Wheeler v.United States decision
C) The Victims of Child Abuse Act
D) The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect

Question 48

What are the minimalist and maximalist perspectives on the incidence, prevalence, and seriousness of child abuse?

Question 49

Which of the following is true about violence between siblings in families?

A) It is the most frequent yet least studied type of assault.
B) It is the least frequent and least studied type of assault.
C) It is the most frequent and most studied type of assault.
D) It is the least frequent yet most studied type of assault.

Question 50

The prevailing stereotype of statutory rape is of older males exploiting teenage girls.What do research data from the FBI show about this stereotype?

A) The data completely contradict the stereotype.
B) The data only fit the stereotype half the time.
C) The data are inconclusive about any patterns.
D) The data very largely confirm this stereotype.