Deck 11: State Building and Social Change in the Americas, 1830–1910

Question 1

In nineteenth century Canada,

A)French-speaking Catholics were a disenfranchised minority.
B)the Québecois were losing their distinctiveness as a linguistic and religious minority in Canada.
C)many First Nations peoples in eastern and western Canada fought against continued association with the British empire.
D)most French-Canadians favored continued association with the British empire.
E)few European immigrants arrived.

Answer 1

most French-Canadians favored continued association with the British empire.

Question 2

What new province(s)was/were added as the result of Canada's agricultural boom?

A)Alberta and Newfoundland
B)Yukon
C)British Columbia and Manitoba
D)Saskatchewan
E)Alberta and Saskatchewan

Answer 2

Alberta and Saskatchewan

Question 3

Which Native American nation was located in the most northern part of Canada?

A)Cree
B)Ojibwa
C)Squamish
D)Métis
E)Inuit

Answer 3

Inuit

Question 4

Under the law creating the Confederation of Canada,

A)the federal capital was located at Toronto.
B)no provisions were made for the future evolution of other colonies.
C)Canada departed the British empire.
D)all local affairs were in the hands of the Canadian and provincial governments.
E)the crown appointed the prime minister.

Question 5

Trade frontiers of Canada

A)brought wealth to indigenous communities.
B)forced the various Amerindian nations to unite to resist the changes introduced by Europeans.
C)usually brought guns, alcohol, and violence to indigenous communities.
D)no longer existed after the nineteenth century.
E)were strongly governed by Britain via military posts.

Question 6

A major development in nineteenth-century North America was

A)technological stagnation.
B)population decline.
C)reassertion of control by indigenous peoples over lands and resources that Europeans had tried to claim.
D)agricultural decline.
E)consolidation of state power.

Question 7

In the poem,"A Cry from an Indian Wife," what explanation is offered for why the Amerindians were defeated by the white man?

A)The white man's god was more powerful.
B)Amerindian greed helped to defeat them.
C)Amerindian customs were not Christian.
D)The Amerindians had no legal claims to the land.
E)Amerindian law was divine law.

Question 8

Which idea is expressed in the poem,"A Cry from an Indian Wife"?

A)The white man readily acknowledged who originally owned the land.
B)Amerindian nations lay crushed as a result of the white man's greed.
C)Alcohol and "industrial schools" were the only compensation the white man gave the Amerindians.
D)The Amerindians understood the dynamics of exploitation, since they had done the same to other tribes in the past.
E)Amerindians felt the white man's God was going to punish the white man for their exploitation.

Question 9

The removal of old imperialistic-mercantilist restrictions over British-North American trade benefitted

A)European nations trading with Canada.
B)the United States.
C)Toronto.
D)Montréal.
E)Mexico.

Question 10

Which area of Canada maintained the strongest ties with its French past?

A)Toronto
B)Québec
C)Vancouver
D)New Brunswick
E)Newfoundland

Question 11

The métis peoples of Canada

A)were dependent on the bounty of the Atlantic Ocean.
B)were descendants of French traders and First Nations women.
C)organized the movement to create the Canadian confederation.
D)retained their indigenous Amerindian languages.
E)were the most urban, industrial segment of the Canadian population.

Question 12

Which statement best describes the relationship between Canada and Britain in the nineteenth century?

A)Canadian independence grew out of a stressful, nonconsensual relationship between Canada and Britain.
B)Canada´s independence was a product of a slow evolution rather than a revolution.
C)Canadians had not yet developed a strong sense of Canadian identity.
D)Canadians were resentful of their subordinate place within the British empire.
E)Most Canadians had no sense of loyalty to England.

Question 13

What was the leading agricultural product of the Canadian Plains?

A)Corn
B)Barley
C)Rice
D)Wheat
E)Sugar beets

Question 14

The term responsible government refers to

A)the multiparty system in Canada.
B)the right of women to hold office.
C)an arrangement in which the leader of the majority party becomes the Canadian government leader, as in the British Parliament.
D)the Canadian authority to revoke or veto any law passed by the British Parliament.
E)demands that British royalty have no legitimacy in Canada.

Question 15

In which geographical area of Canada were the metís concentrated?

A)Upper Canada
B)Lower Canada
C)Maritime Canada
D)Pacific Canada
E)The Great Plains of Central Canada

Question 16

In the mid-nineteenth century,most First Nations peoples in Canada viewed continuing association with the British Empire

A)as a disaster.
B)with deep hostility.
C)indifferently.
D)favorably.
E)as essential to their survival.

Question 17

Lower Canada's cultural differences involved

A)political differences between Upper and Lower Canada.
B)ethnic differences between French and Amerindians.
C)ethnic differences between French and British Canadians.
D)stress between the United States and Canada in the Great Lakes region.
E)limited trade between the United States and Canada, based on laws established by British Parliament.

Question 18

The traveler described in this chapter,Pauline Johnson-Tekahionwake,

A)spoke both Cherokee and English.
B)did not live on the Six Nations Reserve because her mother was English.
C)considered herself a patriotic subject of the British empire.
D)celebrated the modernization of the Amerindian nations in her poetry.
E)refused to use English in her poems and performances.

Question 19

The British North America Act of 1867 made Canada a

A)fully independent nation.
B)collection of self-governing colonies.
C)dominion within the British empire.
D)commonwealth ruled jointly by regional governments and the British Parliament.
E)constitutional republic.

Question 20

Based on lessons learned from the American War of Independence,

A)the British would not allow political representation to its remaining territories and colonies.
B)colonies and territories would have the right to void all British laws outright without consulting with Parliament.
C)each British colony or territory could elect its own governor.
D)a balance was created to allow for local representation but with safeguards to protect British interests.
E)territories and colonies could make their voice heard only through petitioning Parliament.

Question 21

During the Reconstruction period that followed the American Civil War.

A)slavery was banished to the Deep South.
B)defeated Southerners were willing to accept whatever terms the federal government dictated.
C)the power of states in national elections declined.
D)the issue of what to do with the South quickly disappeared from national politics.
E)southerner "Redeemers" and the Ku Klux Klan sought to restore white supremacy through terror and intimidation.

Question 22

The most serious challenge to the United States in its expansion westward involved

A)major Amerindian problems.
B)equal status for new states entering the Union.
C)slavery.
D)territory claimed by other nations.
E)immigrants.

Question 23

During the Gilded Age in the United States,

A)southern blacks enjoyed a higher standard of living.
B)working and living conditions of the working class improved.
C)America's wealth was more evenly distributed among the population.
D)political corruption was a thing of the past.
E)the fabulous new wealth was enjoyed by only a small part of American society.

Question 24

What were the most outstanding social and political features of Mexico immediately after it won its independence from Spain in 1814?

A)The ruling class was inspired by the enlightened ideas of a liberal Europe.
B)Catholicism was weakened.
C)Caudillos proved to be highly educated and effective leaders.
D)Mexico fell into the hands of ineffective military leaders.
E)Mexico proved capable of matching its two northern neighbors in meeting modern challenges.

Question 25

After the Civil War,agriculture

A)continued to be largely subsistence farming on small holdings.
B)declined due to the transformation of former slaves into industrial wage laborers.
C)became increasingly irrelevant.
D)entered a long depression.
E)became more commercialized.

Question 26

In the United States in the mid-nineteenth century,

A)the Republican Party was dedicated to abolitionism.
B)southerners argued that slaves and industrial workers were treated equally.
C)popular sovereignty resolved the problem of slavery in the United States.
D)the Democratic Party became identified with the southern planters and their interests.
E)the slavery issue in America had produced a strong sense of nationalism.

Question 27

The United States gained huge territories in 1848 with a victory over

A)France.
B)Spain.
C)Mexico.
D)Canada.
E)England.

Question 28

Which American president portrayed himself as representing the common man?

A)Washington
B)Jackson
C)Jefferson
D)Monroe
E)All of these

Question 29

According to Frederick Jackson Turner,what crisis did the United States face at the end of the nineteenth century?

A)Increased likelihood of wars with Europe
B)Greater concern about the constitution and constitutional change in twentieth-century America
C)Greater concern about the impact of the "closing" of the western frontier
D)Increased racial and ethnic problems arising from Amerindians, blacks, and immigrants
E)Heightened international tensions about America´s growing military power

Question 30

By the end of the nineteenth century the United States had clearly joined in the global trend of

A)deindustrialization.
B)ending slavery.
C)trade wars.
D)democratization.
E)imperialism.

Question 31

The first political form of Texas was as

A)a colony of Mexico.
B)an independent republic.
C)a territory of the United States.
D)a colony of Spain.
E)a territory of France, which aided the Texas rebellion.

Question 32

The Emancipation Proclamation made the Civil War a war to

A)save the Union.
B)abolish slavery in the United States.
C)punish slave owners.
D)punish slave states.
E)guarantee the right of popular sovereignty.

Question 33

The major issue of conflict between English-speaking Americans who settled in Texas and the Mexican government involved

A)religion.
B)slavery.
C)political representation.
D)allegiance to the Mexican government.
E)suffrage.

Question 34

Although the success of the U.S.Constitution was based on compromise,its most difficult compromise involved

A)controversies between small and large states.
B)industrial versus agricultural interests.
C)the original thirteen states versus new states.
D)slave states versus free states.
E)the expansion of suffrage.

Question 35

Mexico's most critical border to protect was shared with

A)the United States.
B)Belize.
C)Guatemala.
D)Texas.
E)the Baja peninsula.

Question 36

Writing about America in the 1830s,Alexis de Tocqueville observed that

A)Americans rarely felt personally obliged to defend their country.
B)the seemingly limitless geographical expanse of America promoted a sense of equality in the culture.
C)although a Christian nation, religion is not a major part of the American mentality.
D)Americans are generally uninterested in forming associations.
E)Americans celebrate ideals that are different from the majority or prevailing beliefs.

Question 37

What was a positive result of Reconstruction?

A)The emergence of vigilante groups
B)Jim Crow laws
C)Constitutional amendments that protected the civil and voting rights of former slaves
D)Greater respect for former slaves by white southerners
E)The development nationally of full social and political equality

Question 38

What was one of the causes of the Union victory over the Confederacy during the American Civil War?

A)Repeated failure of the southern cotton crop
B)Northern overreliance on indentured labor
C)Northern industrial production
D)Southern natural resources
E)Excessive diversification of the southern economy

Question 39

Which of the following statements was issued by Lincoln in his opposition to popular sovereignty?

A)"The slavery issue should be the decision of each state individually."
B)It would give territorial voters "the liberty of making slaves of other people."
C)"The Constitution does not recognize slavery."
D)"How can the principle of liberty be reconciled by this measure?"
E)The economic condition of the nation "cannot be jeopardized by indecision any longer."

Question 40

Jacob Riis's photograph Orphans of the Gilded Age emphasized

A)the distress caused by the effects of America's rapid industrial growth.
B)the need for truancy laws for children.
C)the progressive effects of recent housing reforms.
D)the legality of unions.
E)the need for expanded voting rights for the working classes.

Question 41

Andrew Jackson's place in American history will always involve a reputation as

A)the president who supported Amerindian rights.
B)the personification of the brutality against Amerindians.
C)the personification of brutality against the men under his command at New Orleans.
D)the elitist president.
E)a tough man who punished any kind of opposition.

Question 42

The two most economically successful South American republics of the late nineteenth century were

A)Venezuela and Brazil.
B)Peru and Bolivia.
C)Bolivia and Argentina.
D)Argentina and Chile.
E)Brazil and Chile.

Question 43

In the Yucatán Rebellion of 1847,

A)Incan villagers attacked local Peruvian officials.
B)the caudillo General Santa Ana took control of the Mexican government.
C)Maya militants attacked both government officials and local landowners.
D)American settlers attempted to establish an independent slaveholding republic.
E)agricultural workers rose up and took over the sugar plantations.

Question 44

By what approximate date had Amerindian sovereignty been nearly eliminated and limited to only a few remote areas of the Americas?

A)1800
B)1900
C)1850
D)1950
E)2000

Question 45

Which of the following American nations went from colony to constitutional monarchy to eventual total independence?

A)Brazil
B)Mexico
C)Canada
D)Texas
E)Argentina

Question 46

As a result of the War of the Pacific in 1879,____ became one of the poorest societies in the Americas.

A)Chile
B)Venezuela
C)Brazil
D)Bolivia
E)Argentina

Question 47

Generally speaking,which factor contributed to the demise of the Amerindians of the Great Plains?

A)Important minerals and resources found in areas where Amerindians lived freely or on reservations
B)Intermarriage with European immigrants
C)Unprovoked attacks against settlers from tribes seeking guns and firewater
D)Amerindians´ refusal to negotiate treaties
E)Amerindians´ refusal to attack or defend themselves  in military engagements with American soldiers and settlers

Question 48

Who led the Mexican reform movement following Mexico's war with the United States?

A)Diáz
B)Juárez
C)Santa Ana
D)Hidalgo
E)The caudillos

Question 49

During Porfirio Diáz´s long dictatorship,

A)an improved railroad system weakened the Mexican government´s  power.
B)Mexico's self-sufficient peasant farmers prospered from agricultural exports.
C)foreign investment was prohibited.
D)large estates were broken up to provide land for peasants.
E)Mexican liberal economic change was combined with authoritarian rule.

Question 50

The greatest contributor to the decimation of the Canadian,American,and Mexican Amerindians was that

A)indigenous and imported ideas had merged.
B)missionary activity engulfed the Amerindian areas and eliminated indigenous religions.
C)the Amerindians could not defend themselves militarily.
D)the political and economic intrusions into native society had too severe an impact.
E)the Amerindians could not control their interactions with the national societies constructed around them.

Question 51

One of the major changes that occurred in societies across the Americas in the nineteenth century was

A)the spread of democratic rule.
B)protection of Amerindian sovereignty.
C)integration into global markets.
D)shrinking of state power.
E)isolation from Europe.

Question 52

What was one of Brazil's most important agricultural exports in the nineteenth century?

A)Coffee
B)Wheat
C)Corn
D)Cotton
E)Beef

Question 53

Which development occurred in South America after 1830?

A)The dream of Bolívar's great South American confederation was realized.
B)Fragmentation along regional lines disappeared.
C)Ambitious politician-soldiers established dictatorial governments.
D)The economies were primarily involved in processing raw materials and exporting finished goods.
E)Small-scale farmers prospered via the global economy.

Question 54

What was the result of the Indian Removal Act?

A)The Trail of Tears
B)The Cherokee Constitution
C)Amerindian uprisings in Ohio and the Great Lakes region
D)Attacks on the Florida Seminoles
E)Creation of Amerindian reservations in America's southeast

Question 55

In the 1890s,an article appeared in a South Dakota newspaper suggesting that

A)Amerindian lands should be returned to the various native peoples.
B)all Amerindians should be jailed or placed on reservations.
C)the use of military force was the only thing the Amerindians understood.
D)it would be kinder to annihilate all Amerindians rather than allow them to suffer the miserable existence they were currently living.
E)treaties made with Amerindians should be reviewed and any illegalities addressed.

Question 56

In most of South America in the second half of the nineteenth century

A)regional diversity dissolved through economic integration.
B)conservatives and liberals cooperated in building stable governments and vibrant economies.
C)the Spanish attempted to rebuild their empire.
D)an economic boom occurred in the exports of agricultural, raw mineral, and natural products.
E)industrial exports matched those of North America.

Question 57

What transformed the Plains Amerindians of America from an agricultural society into a hunting society?

A)Guns and diseases
B)Changes in climate
C)Horses and invasive European weeds
D)Diseases
E)Guns and horses

Question 58

In both Canada and the United States,Amerindian cultural assimilation was forcibly promoted by

A)the government-dictated supply of alcohol to reservations.
B)the industrialization of buffalo hunting.
C)sending children away from family and traditional settings to residential schools.
D)high interest rates charged for loans.
E)the prohibition of all use of Amerindian languages.

Question 59

What was a feature of the Mexican Constitution of 1857?

A)A Bill of Rights
B)Abolition of slavery
C)Recognition of the loss of Texas
D)The continuation of the caste system
E)Controls placed on the process of reform

Question 60

The French initiated a war with Mexico on the basis of

A)protecting Catholicism.
B)protecting French investments in an unstable political system.
C)unpaid debts owed by the Mexican government.
D)a French attempt to reinstate Spanish power in Mexico, since the Spanish and French thrones were related.
E)weakening the power of America in the Caribbean region.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms
Democracy in America

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
Louisiana Purchase

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
Republican Party

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
Election of 1876

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
Abraham Lincoln

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
Confederation of Canada

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Reconstruction

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Pauline Johnson-Tekahionwake

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
responsible government

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Canadian Pacific Railway

Question 71

Please define the following key terms
Gilded Age

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Jim Crow laws

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Haymarket affair

Question 74

Please define the following key terms
Emancipation Proclamation

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
race fusion

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
First Nations

Question 77

Please define the following key terms
métis

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Thirteenth Amendment

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Andrew Jackson

Question 80

The Seneca Falls Convention was called to

A)protest gender inequality.
B)make public the illegal treaties imposed on Amerindians by the United States.
C)more fairly distribute western lands to traditional Amerindian tribes.
D)fight Jim Crow laws in the American South.
E)distribute farmlands to Amerindian tribes of the Great Plains.