Deck 17: Toward a New World Order, 1975–2000

Question 1

Mandela earned the Nobel Peace Prize in

A)1991.
B)1992.
C)1993.
D)1994.
E)2014, posthumously.

Answer 1

1993.

Question 2

Most Soviets under Brezhnev

A)were unemployed.
B)had little to no access to basic health care.
C)lacked educational opportunities.
D)faced dire economic straits in old age
E)enjoyed yearly vacations.

Answer 2

enjoyed yearly vacations.

Question 3

Andrei Sakharov,winner of the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize,is known as the father of

A)super computer technology.
B)Soviet civil rights and democracy.
C)the hydrogen bomb.
D)Soviet-American détente.
E)Postmodernist political theory.

Answer 3

the hydrogen bomb.

Question 4

Sakharov's belief that greater freedoms would only be gained through freedom of information was proven by

A)Radio Free Europe broadcasts.
B)United Nations meetings.
C)decolonization.
D)developments in computer technology.
E)exchange student programs.

Question 5

Afghanistan was able to fight a long and continuous war against the Soviet Union with aid from

A)Islamic nations throughout the Middle East.
B)Pakistan and Syria.
C)the United States and Pakistan.
D)the United Nations.
E)NATO.

Question 6

The "Reagan Revolution" refers to

A)the American conservatives backlash against the perceived excesses of the 1960s and '70s.
B)a campaign to rid the United States of its reliance on OPEC's fuel oil imports.
C)the political partnership Reagan forged with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
D)Reagan's taunting of Mikhail Gorbachev to "…tear down this wall!"
E)the rescue mission to free the American hostages in Iran.

Question 7

Great Britain was a staunch supporter of the United States and Reagan's aggressive stance toward

A)the Soviet Union.
B)Iran.
C)East Germany.
D)Afghanistan.
E)OPEC.

Question 8

As the new leader of the Soviet Union,Mikhail Gorbachev implemented all of these measures EXCEPT

A)attempting to  bridge communism and capitalism.
B)glasnost.
C)intensifying the war in Afghanistan.
D)perestroika.
E)clarifying the disaster of Chernobyl.

Question 9

Prior to his capture and sentence to life in prison in 1964,Nelson Mandela experienced all of the following EXCEPT

A)becoming one of South Africa's only black lawyers.
B)emerging as a leader of the African National Congress.
C)being forced to go underground when black political parties were banned.
D)securing a powerful political ally through an arranged marriage.
E)resorting to force of arms to carry out his fight for racial justice.

Question 10

The idealistic concept of a "new world order" encountered all of these problems EXCEPT

A)Russian transition to democratic capitalism.
B)continued lack of peace in the Middle East.
C)China's market-driven reforms failing to bring democracy to its people.
D)nuclear war between America and Russia.
E)fear and mistrust of Americanization.

Question 11

The American president who committed the United States to an aggressive military policy against the Soviet Union was

A)Carter.
B)Clinton.
C)George H. W. Bush.
D)Nixon.
E)Reagan.

Question 12

The Soviet Union invaded ____ in 1978.

A)Iran
B)Iraq
C)China
D)Cambodia
E)Afghanistan

Question 13

In 1975,the last American forces left

A)Korea.
B)Iran.
C)Japan.
D)Vietnam.
E)Kuwait.

Question 14

The Helsinki Accords committed the

A)Soviet Union to tear down the Berlin Wall.
B)United States and Europe to recognize communist bloc borders.
C)Soviet Union and the United States to scale down their nuclear weapons.
D)Soviet Union to respect human rights.
E)United States and western Europe to recognize the communist bloc border, while the Soviets agreed to respect human rights.

Question 15

Which statement about the 1980s and early 1990s is FALSE?

A)East and West Germany were united in the 1990s.
B)The Soviet Union reformed itself into a stronger centralized nation.
C)Gorbachev's attempts at reform failed to save the Soviet Union.
D)Where authoritarian traditions continued, sharp inequalities persisted with the introduction of capitalism.
E)Poland became a democracy.

Question 16

Mujahaddin refers to

A)a Soviet-Islamic alliance that led to the Brezhnev's support of the war in Afghanistan.
B)Islamic guerilla fighters.
C)Soviet special forces that enacted a coup d'état in Afghanistan.
D)a tactical air strike weapon used by the Soviets in Afghanistan.
E)the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

Question 17

Brezhnev's involvement in the war in Afghanistan

A)led to a resurgence of Soviet nationalism.
B)carried a substantial financial burden.
C)gave the Soviets access to cutting-edge military weaponry.
D)funded the expansion of the Soviet Union's naval forces.
E)forced Pakistan to declare war on the Soviet Union.

Question 18

The reforms of ____ ultimately doomed the Soviet Union to dissolution.

A)Brezhnev
B)Sakharov
C)Putin
D)Gorbachev
E)Reagan

Question 19

Who used the phrase "new world order"  in 1991 to describe the post-Cold War era?

A)Nelson Mandela
B)John F. Kennedy
C)George H. W. Bush
D)Ronald Reagan
E)Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 20

Upon his release from prison in 1990,what words did Mandela share with South Africa?

A)"Anger at present-day injustices must be communicated through nonviolent means."
B)"South Africa should look to the United States for examples of racial triumphs."
C)"Our lingering political unrest will not bear immediate social democratization."
D)"The majority of South Africans, black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future."
E)"Restructuring our economic systems should not be our first priority."

Question 21

The transition from the old communist Soviet Union to the Russian Federation produced all of these immediate results  EXCEPT

A)wealth became concentrated in the hands of a small elite.
B)a wide variety of consumer goods became available to the general public.
C)a decline in fertility and population.
D)a decline in the fundamental welfare system for the common Russian citizen.
E)an increase in industrial production and wages.

Question 22

Symbolically,the Cold War was truly over with the

A)resignation of Gorbachev.
B)election of Yeltsin.
C)dismantling of the Berlin Wall.
D)election of a Polish Pope.
E)last Soviet soldier leaving Afghanistan.

Question 23

Paramilitary death squads in Guatemala primarily targeted

A)Mexican refugees.
B)American tourists.
C)indigenous villagers.
D)Catholic missionaries.
E)political leaders.

Question 24

East Germany was pressured to open its border with West Germany after

A)the United States intervened.
B)East German troops opened fire on angry protestors.
C)Hungary opened its border with Austria.
D)trade embargoes were imposed by a bloc of newly democratic states.
E)Bulgaria elected its first democratic president.

Question 25

Solidarity was a trade union group formed in ____ to resist communist domination.

A)Latvia
B)Romania
C)Poland
D)Czechoslovakia
E)Estonia

Question 26

Which of these statements about South Africa under Mandela is FALSE?

A)It had a new flag.
B)The "rainbow nation" became its new identity.
C)South Africa had a multiracial Olympic team.
D)It sentenced everyone who was involved in apartheid to prison sentences.
E)A strong democratic constitution was formed.

Question 27

What was the result of the system of Bantustans?

A)It prevented tribes in South Africa from uniting and forced them to live under apartheid.
B)It allowed minor yet increased political involvement for South Africans.
C)It prohibited any South African blacks from being in all-white residential areas.
D)Black education prepared South African blacks for menial jobs.
E)The National Party of white South Africans increased the application of apartheid.

Question 28

The term kleptocracy refers to the regime of

A)Somoza.
B)Mobutu.
C)Allende.
D)Che Guevara.
E)Castro.

Question 29

This chapter highlights democratic transitions in all of these Latin American countries EXCEPT

A)Argentina.
B)Brazil.
C)Cuba.
D)Mexico.
E)Guatemala.

Question 30

A newly democratic Poland forged a connection to the West through

A)fair-market trade reform.
B)nuclear disarmament.
C)a shared hatred of Gorbachev.
D)Catholicism.
E)a free press.

Question 31

After unification,the people of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

A)suffered unemployment and insecurity.
B)saw their countries achieve international recognition as manufacturing and technology leaders.
C)elected to remain a communist state in the face of an unknown future.
D)installed new capitalistic and political reforms based on the wealth of their oil and gas reserves.
E)were still under the control of communist-leaning political leaders.

Question 32

Czech leader Václav Havel was

A)a shipyard worker.
B)a professor.
C)a labor organizer.
D)a playwright.
E)a member of the military.

Question 33

The fall of communism in Czechoslovakia is known as the

A)Velvet Revolution.
B)Bloodless Revolution.
C)Prague Spring.
D)Solidarity Stand.
E)Ceausescu Revolt.

Question 34

Steve Biko was head of the

A)Black Consciousness Movement.
B)African National Congress.
C)United Democratic Front.
D)Soweto Soldiers.
E)South African Anti-Apartheid League.

Question 35

Throughout the twentieth century,____ has been one of the most volatile areas in the world because of its location,resources,and problems with ethnic and religious rivalries.

A)Africa
B)the Middle East
C)Russia
D)Cuba
E)China

Question 36

The Reagan administration supported the Somoza family during the Cold War by

A)offering disaster relief.
B)illegally selling weapons to Iran.
C)granting asylum.
D)fighting against the Contras.
E)establishing favorable trade agreements.

Question 37

Vladimir Putin was elected Boris Yeltsin's successor after

A)crushing the Chechnya rebellion.
B)returning a majority of Russia's economy back to state control.
C)manipulating the media to boost his political achievements.
D)Yeltsin deemed him so.
E)seizing control of oil reserves and television to build up a base of national power.

Question 38

What helped bring democracy to Argentina?

A)Argentinian defeat in the Falklands War
B)The dissolution of the Soviet Union
C)Civil war
D)American aid
E)A military coup d'état

Question 39

One of the most violent reactions against Soviet domination took place in Romania with

A)Romanian troops attacking Soviet garrisons.
B)Soviet tanks firing into public rallies.
C)Ceausescu 's trial and execution.
D)the burning of the capital building in Bucharest.
E)the burning of Gorbachev's effigy on the university campus.

Question 40

Nicaragua's first free elections were held in

A)1979.
B)1981.
C)1987.
D)1989.
E)1992.

Question 41

Collectively,all of these countries became known as the "Asian Tigers" EXCEPT

A)Taiwan.
B)South Korea.
C)Indonesia.
D)Singapore.
E)Hong Kong.

Question 42

China's Red Army became a major economic power through its control of

A)commercial construction.
B)TV and radio.
C)a large shipping line.
D)weapons and armament.
E)automobile production.

Question 43

Prior to 1988,South Korea's economic model emulated

A)China.
B)Japan.
C)Taiwan.
D)India.
E)Germany.

Question 44

What was a primary cause of the 1989 Tokyo Stock Exchange collapse?

A)A drop in American investments in major Japanese automakers
B)Real estate speculation
C)Foreign investment failure
D)A severe drought
E)Low birth rate

Question 45

The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was a symbol to Islamists that

A)Islam had to be reformed to accommodate modern needs.
B)political constitutions must be separate from religion.
C)secular ideologies, which had been so dominant in recent history, had to be rejected.
D)Iran must end its alliance with the Soviet Union.
E)Islamic nations should follow the model of Egypt.

Question 46

Why did the Clinton administration bomb southeastern Afghanistan?

A)To capture Saddam Hussein
B)To assassinate Osama bin Laden
C)In retaliation for a Taliban attack on the American embassy in Uganda
D)The Clinton administration never bombed southeastern Afghanistan
E)In an attempt to free U.S. hostages

Question 47

What caused the OPEC nations to call for the oil boycott of 1974?

A)The Six-Day War
B)Israeli occupation of the West Bank
C)The Suez crisis
D)American actions in Iran
E)American military aid to Israel

Question 48

Which Asian nation underwent the most dramatic transformation to become the fastest-growing economy in the world?

A)India
B)China
C)South Korea
D)Taiwan
E)Indonesia

Question 49

Major political and economic changes occurred in ____ due to growing dissent among the population,especially those born on the island(s).

A)the Philippines
B)Taiwan
C)Japan
D)Hong Kong
E)Malaysia

Question 50

Because of European economic dominance after WWII,the Chinese share of the world's industrial output was ____ .

A)33 percent
B)50 percent
C)3 percent
D)10 percent
E)a negligible amount

Question 51

Under Deng Xiaoping's China

A)the average income rose by 22 percent.
B)birth rates reached an all-time low.
C)all public likenesses of Mao Zedong were destroyed.
D)thousands of political dissidents were imprisoned.
E)foreign investors were encouraged to build manufacturing plants in Guangzhou.

Question 52

The Shah of Iran was considered a pawn of

A)the Soviet Union.
B)Ayatollah Khomeini.
C)the United States.
D)OPEC.
E)Islamists.

Question 53

Which city became China's symbol of economic success?

A)Beijing
B)Peking
C)Singapore
D)Shanghai
E)Hong Kong

Question 54

The ____ led to many Palestinians joining forces with Islamic groups.

A)PLO's increasingly violent acts
B)Clinton administration's support of Israel
C)intifada
D)the meeting between Yitzhak Rabin and Yasir Arafat
E)savage attacks by the Israelis on PLO bases in Lebanon

Question 55

Attempting to stabilize its economic base,Japan

A)relocated a large number of factories to countries with lower labor costs.
B)offered incentives for women to join the workforce.
C)concentrated on exporting heavy industrial goods.
D)targeted the luxury auto market.
E)encouraged consumer spending over saving.

Question 56

What is one result of globalization?

A)Free markets generally produced economic reforms around the world.
B)Power was more evenly distributed in participating countries.
C)American economic solutions for Latin American and African nations increased the overall standard of living.
D)Economic growth in third world nations raised health and educational levels.
E)The gap between the haves and have-nots widened.

Question 57

Japanese economic success after World War II resulted from all of these efforts EXCEPT

A)minimal amounts spent on military expenditures.
B)harmonious relations between laborers and employers.
C)socialized health care.
D)close collaboration between government and large corporations.
E)the Japanese work ethic.

Question 58

The return of Hong Kong to China from ____ was a sign of China's growing success and power.

A)France
B)Russia
C)England
D)the Netherlands
E)South Korea

Question 59

The decision to forego capturing Baghdad and Saddam Hussein during the Persian Gulf War was made by President

A)Clinton.
B)Carter.
C)George H. W. Bush.
D)Reagan.
E)Ford.

Question 60

The Persian Gulf War commenced with

A)an Islamic uprising in Iran.
B)the death of Ayatollah Khomeini.
C)Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait.
D)the United States bombing of Baghdad.
E)a severed alliance between Sunnis and Shi'ites.

Question 61

Neoliberal economists believe that government intervention into markets can

A)increase efficiency.
B)affect the availability of high-demand goods.
C)decrease corruption.
D)contribute to the strength of the European Union.
E)drive market growth.

Question 62

Please define the following key terms
perestroika

Question 63

Please define the following key terms
African National Congress

Question 64

Please define the following key terms
"Tear down this wall!"

Question 65

Please define the following key terms
"I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination."

Question 66

Please define the following key terms
glasnost

Question 67

Please define the following key terms
Ronald Reagan

Question 68

Please define the following key terms
Nelson Mandela

Question 69

Please define the following key terms
Velvet Revolution

Question 70

Please define the following key terms
Karol Wojtyla

Question 71

Changes and reactions resulting from China's economic transformation were shown by

A)a closing gap between rich and poor.
B)economic success spreading into the countryside.
C)a government crackdown on political and economic corruption.
D)China's international leadership in environmental concerns.
E)China's place as a global center of manufacturing.

Question 72

Please define the following key terms
Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 73

Please define the following key terms
Boris Yeltsin

Question 74

When signing the Maastricht Treaty,what did Great Britain,Denmark,and Sweden refuse to accept?

A)A common flag
B)Open borders
C)Free markets
D)Common currency
E)Common citizenship

Question 75

Please define the following key terms
Leonid Brezhnev

Question 76

Please define the following key terms
Rolihlahla

Question 77

By the 1990s,China's economic transformation faced new challenges,among them,

A)exploitive labor, including women and children.
B)competition from U.S. manufacturers.
C)its declining global status.
D)environmental problems and student protests.
E)work stoppages by labor groups.

Question 78

Please define the following key terms
Helsinki Accords

Question 79

Please define the following key terms
Andrei Sakharov

Question 80

Please define the following key terms
Solidarity