Deck 2: Communication: The Foundation Of Police Operations

Question 1

According to your text,when training officers to interview eyewitnesses,the officer should use what type of questions?

A) leading questions
B) closed-ended questions
C) open-ended questions
D) all of the other choices
E) none of the other choices

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Many criminals and citizens use _________ to access law enforcement communications.

A) radios
B) the Internet
C) scanners
D) CB radios

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Communication that flows laterally among those on the same "level" within an organization is considered

A) horizontal.
B) vertical.
C) diagonal.
D) perpendicular.
E) none of the other choices.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Police officers rely heavily on the radio and _________ to retrieve critical information when dealing with incidents.

A) public news.
B) other officers
C) dispatchers.
D) in-car laptops.

Question 5

__________ ___________ is defined as communication that can be understood by the intended audience and meets the purpose of the communicator.

A) The grapevine
B) The language line
C) Electronic voice translation
D) Plain language

Question 6

One way to avoid giving the Miranda warning is to ask a suspect to come to the station to be interviewed,voluntarily,without arrest.Such statements are known as a

A) Terry stop.
B) Dickerson statement.
C) Beheler admonition.
D) Florida warning.

Question 7

Incoherent speech may indicate

A) intoxication.
B) a hearing impairment.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 8

The N-DEx is

A) a system that links more than 18,000 law enforcement agencies.
B) an early warning system for natural disasters.
C) used by the military to detect terrorist threats.
D) none of the other choices.

Question 9

A witness may be

A) a victim.
B) a scientific specialist.
C) an observer of an event.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 10

When interrogating a suspect who has waived his or her Miranda rights,the officer

A) must end all questioning if a request is made to speak to a parent, friend, or probation officer.
B) should videotape the notification of rights, waiver, and the questioning in major felony cases.
C) should honor a juvenile's request to speak to a parent.
D) both must end all questioning if a request is made to speak to a parent, friend, or probation officer and should videotape the notification of rights, waiver, and the questioning in major felony cases.
E) both should videotape the notification of rights, waiver, and the questioning in major felony cases and should honor a juvenile's request to speak to a parent.

Question 11

All are valuable databases for law enforcement except

A) NCIC.
B) LInX.
C) LEO.
D) all are valuable databases for law enforcement.

Question 12

The right to stop and question suspicious people was established in the landmark case of

A) Miranda v. Arizona.
B) Florida v. J.L.
C) Dickerson v. United States.
D) Alabama v. White.
E) Terry v. Ohio.

Question 13

Special problems in communicating via radios and cell phones include

A) lack of interoperability.
B) interference on the line and dropped calls
C) keeping police operations secure.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 14

Effective communication can be used to

A) negotiate.
B) diffuse.
C) motivate.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 15

To be effective,interviews should be based on

A) probable cause.
B) reasonable suspicion.
C) specific goals and objectives.
D) the element of surprise.
E) conditional privileges.

Question 16

A/an ______ is an Internet-based information-sharing and records-management source.

A) LInX
B) NCIC
C) RCIS
D) CrimeCog

Question 17

LInX is a

A) regional information-sharing network.
B) secure radio system reserved for law enforcement and the military.
C) new tracking system.
D) GPS system for dispatchers to track the whereabouts of law enforcement officers.

Question 18

A lawful stop must be based on __________________ that the person stopped is about to be or is actually engaged in criminal activity.

A) proof beyond a reasonable doubt
B) reasonable suspicion
C) mere suspicion
D) a preponderance of evidence
E) exigent cause

Question 19

The Supreme Court in Hiibel v.Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada

A) concluded that a person stopped for questioning may lawfully refuse to tell the police his or her name.
B) concluded that a suspect's refusal to give his or her name can warrant an arrest.
C) upheld a Nevada law that, during a Terry stop, a person need not answer any questions concerning his or her identity.
D) both concluded that a person stopped for questioning may lawfully refuse to tell the police his or her name and upheld a Nevada law that, during a Terry stop, a person need not answer any questions concerning his or her identity.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 20

Sandoval's "Strategies to Avoid Interview Contamination" includes a Focus on Interview Environment that recommends

A) location free of distractions.
B) that no barrier like a desk or plant be placed between interviewer and subject.
C) that two interviewers can build rapport more easily.
D) a location free of distractions and that no barrier like a desk or plant be placed between interviewer and subject.
E) a location free of distractions, that no barrier like a desk or plant be placed between interviewer and subject, and that two interviewers can build rapport more easily.

Question 21

Using police terminology when interviewing or interrogating people

A) creates an incriminating atmosphere.
B) increases officers' abilities to get the facts.
C) increases rapport and makes people feel more comfortable.
D) both increases officers' abilities to get the facts and rapport and makes people feel more comfortable.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 22

Along with the public's increased use of wireless communication devices,there has been an increase of

A) officers hearing citizens' conversations.
B) dropped 9-1-1 calls.
C) traffic crashes.
D) offenders using these devices to alert the offenders when officers are near.

Question 23

A person who is asked to give information about an incident or another person is known as

A) a witness.
B) a suspect.
C) a defendant.
D) a PIO.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 24

When a foreign national is arrested or detained,

A) law enforcement officials must provide consular rights warnings.
B) consular officials should be notified within 12 hours.
C) an explanation of the reason for the arrest or detention must be made to consular officials.
D) consular rights apply even for prisoners of war.
E) all of the other choices.

Question 25

A person who suffers along with a victim but is not actually harmed is known as a __________ victim.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) vicarious
E) conditional

Question 26

Alzheimer's disease primarily affects

A) minorities.
B) the elderly.
C) juveniles.
D) the poor.
E) college graduates.

Question 27

The largest obstacle remaining in the way of interoperability is in the

A) in-car laptop computer and the ability to use the computer by officers.
B) human ability to communicate effectively.
C) lack of common 10-codes across law enforcement.
D) lack of common signal codes across law enforcement.

Question 28

When interacting with people who are blind,officers should

A) introduce themselves.
B) offer to let the person feel their badge.
C) speak louder than usual.
D) both introduce themselves and offer to let the person feel their badge.
E) introduce themselves, offer to let the person feel their badge, and speak louder than usual.

Question 29

Witnesses with "private and confidential" information,such as that held by a doctor about a patient,a lawyer regarding a client,or a spouse regarding the other spouse,are exempt from testifying about and disclosing such "off-limits" information because this communication constitutes a/an _____________ privilege.

A) conditional
B) vicarious
C) cooperative
D) absolute
E) incriminating

Question 30

When police question someone identified as a suspect,it is called a/an

A) inquiry.
B) interview.
C) interrogation.
D) admission.
E) confession.

Question 31

A technique to put witnesses mentally back at the scene of an incident is called

A) mind control.
B) the cognitive interview.
C) a field interview.
D) total recall interrogation.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 32

How a deaf person communicates depends on

A) the age at which the person became deaf.
B) the individual's personality and intelligence.
C) the type of deafness.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 33

Procedural safeguards to assure due process during interrogation resulted from

A) Miranda v. Arizona.
B) Florida v. J.L.
C) Dickerson v. United States.
D) Alabama v. White.
E) Terry v. Ohio.

Question 34

Interviewers can increase rapport and enhance communication by matching interviewees'

A) nonverbal behavior.
B) choice of words.
C) manner in which they say something.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 35

Miranda warnings are normally required

A) during "stop and frisk."
B) when questioning witnesses.
C) during general questioning at the crime scene.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 36

The U.S.Supreme Court ruled in ____________ that an anonymous tip that a person is carrying a gun is not,without more information,sufficient to justify a stop and frisk of that person.

A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Florida v. J.L.
C) Dickerson v. United States
D) Alabama v. White
E) Terry v. Ohio

Question 37

The polygraph

A) will be allowed into evidence if the prosecution agrees to its admissibility.
B) will be allowed into evidence if the defense agrees to its admissibility.
C) is not presently generally admissible in court.
D) will be allowed into evidence both if the prosecution agrees to its admissibility and if the defense agrees to its admissibility.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 38

A polygraph might be used to

A) locate evidence.
B) clear suspects.
C) confirm victim, witness, and informant statements.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 39

Asking the court to not disclose an informant's identity is a form of ____________ privilege.

A) conditional
B) vicarious
C) cooperative
D) absolute
E) incriminating

Question 40

The majority of a police officer's communication time should be spent

A) speaking.
B) sending e-mails.
C) attentively listening.
D) in physical confrontation.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 41

When dealing with an Alzheimer's patient,law enforcement should consider using restraints because these patients are known to be unpredictable.

Question 42

According to population trends,the number of older people (people age 65 and up)will more than double to roughly 88 million people by the year 2050.

Question 43

All agencies have outfitted their patrol cars with cameras and GPS units.

Question 44

When a person reads a shoddy report by an officer,the reader may question the officer's

A) intelligence.
B) education.
C) competence.
D) intelligence, education, and competence.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 45

A basic premise of effective writing is that it

A) impresses the reader with many big words and long sentences.
B) expresses the writer's ideas clearly.
C) equates use of police jargon with extensive education and professionalism.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 46

To be admissible,a confession must be

A) stated orally.
B) written.
C) voluntary.
D) coerced.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 47

Law enforcement officers only need to provide consular rights warnings to foreign diplomats.

Question 48

Effective police reports

A) are reader-friendly.
B) contain many acronyms to save space.
C) use police jargon.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 49

_________ suggests that 10-codes be replaced with "plain English" communications.

A) The Department of Homeland Security
B) The FBI
C) The IACP
D) LInX

Question 50

Effective field notes are

A) accurate.
B) brief.
C) clear.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 51

A field inquiry is

A) also called a field contact.
B) essentially the same as an arrest.
C) a planned questioning session at a suspect's residence.
D) all of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 52

Confessions obtained by force or under "inherently coercive" conditions are

A) always valid and admissible in court.
B) admissible in court only if two or more officers are present at the time the confession is given.
C) inadmissible in court.
D) valid only after the Miranda warning has been given.
E) both admissible in court only if two or more officers are present at the time the confession is given and valid only after the Miranda warning has been given.

Question 53

The tendency to give less attention to reports involving misdemeanors is sometimes referred to as

A) the misdemeanor miscue.
B) the felony syndrome.
C) the assumptive clause.
D) charge lessening.
E) pre-prosecution deliberation.

Question 54

One possible indicator that an individual may be autistic is

A) speaking in monotone.
B) repeating exactly what an officer says.
C) engaging in repetitive physical actions.
D) any of the other choices.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 55

Effective field notes are the basis for

A) all types of written reports.
B) further investigation of cases and incidents.
C) a suspect's written confession.
D) both all types of written reports and further investigation of cases and incidents.
E) none of the other choices.

Question 56

Most civil suits against police officers emanate from

A) misdemeanor cases.
B) felony cases.
C) felony syndromes.
D) homicides.
E) narcotics offenses.

Question 57

The "grapevine" or the "rumor mill" can both help and hurt an agency.

Question 58

The Miranda warning is required during nontestimonial identification procedures such as when a suspect provides fingerprint,blood,or handwriting samples.

Question 59

When communicating with the elderly,the officer must take into consideration generational concerns.

Question 60

Ineffective communication can result in confusion,negative stereotypes,and hostility.

Question 61

Language barriers are not a hindrance during investigations because of the language tools available to law enforcement today.

Question 62

A suspects' refusal to give his or her name can warrant an arrest in certain situations.

Question 63

Blindness and deafness are two of the most common disabilities officers may encounter.

Question 64

It is rare that a law enforcement officer will encounter an individual who is deaf or blind.

Question 65

Field inquiries are also referred to as "reasonable suspicion" investigatory stops.

Question 66

If,during police questioning,a suspect asks,"Do you think I ought to have a lawyer?" officers are required to immediately cease all questioning,as the courts have held this as an assertion of a suspect's right to legal counsel.

Question 67

Cases can be made or lost on an officer's report alone.

Question 68

Polygraph results are usually admissible in court.

Question 69

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act,an officer cannot interrogate an individual with a disability.

Question 70

Effective communication can be used to inform,persuade,and guide.

Question 71

Investigators should wear a police uniform when interviewing a child to intimidate the child into telling the truth.

Question 72

The text states that when interviewing children,the interviewer should ask leading questions.

Question 73

The objective of an interview should be to acquire accurate and complete information without contaminating the interview process.

Question 74

The Miranda warning must be given to a suspect before the suspect participates in a lineup.

Question 75

Law enforcement officers do not need to be aware of mental illnesses because it is unlikely they will come in contact with a citizen who is mentally ill.

Question 76

Regarding Miranda custody standards,the Supreme Court has established that there are different criteria for adults and juveniles.

Question 77

AT&T provides a language line to law enforcement for direct interpretation.

Question 78

The Miranda warning must be given to someone who is asked to do a sobriety test.

Question 79

An officer is allowed to make false verbal assertions during interrogation,such as "The crime lab identified your DNA on the victim."

Question 80

The polygraph is generally regarded as a valid scientific instrument.