Deck 1: A Theory-Based Approach to Family Involvement in Early Childhood Education

Question 1

A precursor to the national PTA was founded

A)to advocate for children with special needs.
B)to support children of well-educated families.
C)to resist the presence of classroom volunteers.
D)to connect families and schools in an effort to defeat the institutionalization of professional teachers and parents being divided.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Anything that happens to one family member affects all other family members is a premise of which of the following theories?

A)sociocultural
B)bioecological
C)cognitive developmental
D)family systems

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the circumplex model of family systems theory, families who are balanced on one characteristic and extreme on another are referred to as

A)semi-balanced.
B)semi-extreme.
C)midrange.
D)flexible.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Early childhood programs that enroll children with identified disabilities and children who are typically developing are known as

A)early childhood special education.
B)inclusive.
C)early intervention.
D)exceptional.

Question 5

The theorist who posed the premise that human knowledge derives from culture is

A)Vygotsky.
B)Bronfenbrenner.
C)Brazelton.
D)Greenspan.

Question 6

A key to understanding the establishment of successful relationships among families, schools, and communities is the idea of

A)developmental assets.
B)partnership.
C)hierarchical patterns.
D)all of the above

Question 7

Bronfenbrenner's system that supports the importance of families and schools working together to influence children's development is known as

A)microsystem.
B)macrosystem.
C)exosystem.
D)none of the above

Question 8

Family involvement during the nursery school movement

A)was discouraged.
B)included mothers increasing their understanding of child development.
C)was viewed as undermining the work of professional educators.
D)emphasized multigenerational partnerships.

Question 9

Early settlement house programs aimed to

A)connect families to their existing cultures.
B)encourage families to be involved in their children's education.
C)strengthen families for life in the United States.
D)Both B and C

Question 10

An endeavor to connect human development theory with family sociology led to which of the following theoretical perspectives?

A)family life cycle
B)circumplex
C)developmental contextualism
D)cognitive developmental

Question 11

This theoretical model consists of five concentric circles, representing various systems that influence human development.

A)Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
B)Olson's family systems theory
C)Lerner's developmental contextualist theory
D)Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory

Question 12

The nursery school movement of the 1920s

A)came about partly as a result of the growth of the field of psychology.
B)intended to remove children's education from families.
C)emphasized father involvement.
D)occurred to provide quality care for children as mothers entered the work force.

Question 13

According to the circumplex model of family systems, categories of unbalanced families are

A)enmeshed and disengaged.
B)rigid and chaotic.
C)both of these answers are correct.
D)none of these answers are correct

Question 14

Which of the following models are included in family systems theory perspectives?

A)developmental contextualism, circumplex, family life cycle
B)bioecological, developmental contextualism, circumplex
C)sociocultural, family life cycle, bioecological
D)family life cycle, sociocultural, developmental contextualism

Question 15

The co-founders of Head Start are widely recognized as

A)Zigler and Bronfenbrenner.
B)Brazelton and Bronfenbrenner.
C)Brazelton and Greenspan.
D)Bronfenbrenner and Greenspan.

Question 16

The idea known as "irreducible needs" comes from the work of

A)Bronfenbrenner.
B)Mead.
C)Brazelton and Greenspan.
D)Carter and McGoldrick.

Question 17

Which of the following items are identified as internal developmental assets for children?

A)social competencies
B)commitment to learning
C)positive values and identity
D)all of the above

Question 18

According to a family life cycle model, challenges that occur over time are known as

A)horizontal stressors.
B)vertical stressors.
C)coping patterns.
D)patterns embedded in families' relationships.

Question 19

External developmental assets are those that

A)come from families and communities.
B)come from the child's strengths, such as intelligence, interests, and motivation.
C)are related to children's biological determinants.
D)none of the above

Question 20

According to Vygotsky, the mechanism by which human development occurs is known as

A)the zone of proximal development.
B)the difference between what a learner can do independently and with assistance from another person.
C)the importance of collaborative learning.
D)all of the above

Question 21

The circumplex model of family systems theory indicates that:

A)families remain consistent over time.
B)families change to meet their own needs over time.
C)communication is relatively unimportant.
D)there is no such thing as too much togetherness.

Question 22

______ is defined as including children from 3 through 5 years of age.

A)Early childhood special education
B)Inclusive preschool
C)Early intervention
D)None of the above.

Question 23

In the family life cycle approach:

A)relationships among family members are more important than family functions.
B)family functions are more important than family structure.
C)family functions are more important than relationships among family members.
D)relationships among family members and family functions are equally important.

Question 24

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

education programs for children with disabilities, ages 3 to 5 years

Question 25

Family involvement in children's education

A)has always been seen as essential.
B)has evolved over time.
C)was not seen as essential until the 1990s.
D)is still being questioned as to whether effects are positive or negative.

Question 26

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

togetherness

Question 27

Having families participate in program decisions about their child's care and education is viewed as

A)developmentally appropriate practice.
B)optional based on program goals.
C)developmentally inappropriate.
D)a basis for unnecessary conflict.

Question 28

Classroom or school-wide celebrations are most developmentally appropriate when:

A)traditions are upheld.
B)teachers lead them as mainstream events.
C)they are responsive to each child and family.
D)they become a curricular focus.

Question 29

Two authors and early childhood experts who emphasize a need that young families have for support from sources outside of the immediate family in order to nurture their children are:

A)Olson and McGoldrick.
B)Mead and Breadekamp.
C)Brazelton and Greenspan.
D)Brazelton and Bredekamp.

Question 30

Best practices for educating young children with special needs involve

A)individualizing, flexibility, and responsive to family characteristics.
B)maintenance of the same high standards for all children.
C)family accommodation to existing school and community supports.
D)all of the above

Question 31

The family support movement begun in the 1970s is a clear application of which of the following theories?

A)cognitive developmental
B)bioecological
C)circumplex
D)sociocultural

Question 32

Two key features for early intervention and early childhood special education programs have been identified as:

A)professionals must ensure that families have resources and supports and families must commit to working collaboratively.
B)families must commit to working collaboratively and professionals must consider not only what is done with family engagement, but also how it is done.
C)professionals must ensure that families have resources and supports and must consider not only what is done, but also how it is done.
D)families must commit to working collaboratively and must follow through with all medical and therapeutic recommendations.

Question 33

Community-building is at the heart of:

A)developmentally appropriate practices.
B)family systems theory.
C)DEC recommended practices.
D)family support movement.

Question 34

Which of the following initiatives did not support family involvement in children's education?

A)settlement house
B)public school
C)nursery school
D)Head Start

Question 35

Staff members for inclusive early education programs

A)must know about planning for children with special needs.
B)must understand typical developmental and behavioral milestones.
C)must provide the same daily schedule for all children in the program.
D)all of the above

Question 36

Since young children gain their identity and sense of self from families, recognition of _____ leads to both children and families doing better.

A)families' needs
B)families' strengths
C)parental levels of education
D)community resources

Question 37

Early childhood literature and practice assumes that _____ is/are essential for children's optimal achievement.

A)high intelligence scores
B)practice on standardized assessments
C)parents volunteering in classrooms
D)continuity

Question 38

______ is defined as including children under the age of 3 years.

A)Early childhood special education
B)Inclusive preschool
C)Early intervention
D)Exceptional family

Question 39

What movement in the early twentieth century focused on urban poverty?

A)nursery school
B)kindergarten
C)settlement house
D)family support

Question 40

According to national accreditation guidelines, program orientation provides staff with

A)skills and knowledge to work with diverse families.
B)a manual for dealing with families.
C)resources for communicating with parents.
D)policies for containing levels of family involvement.

Question 41

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

ability of family members to change roles and amounts of power

Question 42

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

sociohistorical context

Question 43

Identify the seven Developmentally Appropriate Practice guidelines found in Chapter 1 and design a way to assist families in understanding them.

Question 44

Differentiate main points of bioecological and circumplex theory.

Question 45

Use at least two of the following theories to explain ways in which early childhood educators can better understand families in order to build strong partnerships:
• Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory
• Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
• Olson's circumplex model
• Family life cycle theory

Question 46

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

education programs for children with disabilities under age three years

Question 47

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

the near environment

Question 48

Summarize the history of family involvement in their children's education as described in Chapter 1 of the textbook.Select a time period and at least one event that you believe ensured the rise of the importance of family engagement.

Question 49

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

includes listening, speaking, clarity, respectfulness, concern for others

Question 50

Identify and describe the four categories of family based practices as created by the Division for Early Childhood of the Council on Exceptional Children.

Question 51

Describe aspects of the NAEYC national voluntary accreditation of early childhood programs that relate specifically to family and community involvement.Select one of the standards from either "families" or "communities" and explain why you believe it is the most important one.

Question 52

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

derive from deep knowledge of individual children

Question 53

Describe how you would implement Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory
in an early childhood setting.

Question 54

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

method by which development occurs, according to Vygotsky

Question 55

Match the numbered questions with the corresponding letter answer.

family life cycle stage for families with young children