Deck 13: U.S.courts

Question 1

Adjudication is the process of judicially deciding a legal case.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A basic element of domestic violence court is __________.

A) education
B) strict monitoring of convicted offenders
C) individualized counseling
D) group counseling
E) community service

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In 1899,the Juvenile Court Act created the first __________.

A) trial court
B) appellate court
C) juvenile court
D) tribal court
E) community court

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Police officers must become familiar with each step of the criminal justice process so they can intelligently bring about desired results.

Question 5

Sentencing guidelines are only used in the federal court system.

Question 6

All are aims of the community courts except__________.

A) improve efficiency in the court system
B) have sanctions match offenders
C) bridge building between public and private agencies
D) all of the other choices

Question 7

Our criminal justice system is based on __________.

A) an adversary system
B) the presumption of guilt
C) trials with little plea negotiations
D) a person's ability to pay for justice
E) all of the other choices

Question 8

The goals of __________ are to reduce recidivism,reduce substance abuse and rehabilitate offenders.

A) trial courts
B) appellate courts
C) drug courts
D) tribal courts

Question 9

Appellate jurisdiction has the ability to try cases.

Question 10

Community courts apply the principles of involvement,balanced and restorative justice,offender accountability,and links to treatment and other services.

Question 11

The Supreme Court establishes the court structure for each state.

Question 12

The federal court system has four tiers: district courts,appellate courts,juvenile courts and the U.S.Supreme Court.

Question 13

The main focus of the reentry court is to__________.

A) prevent recidivism
B) aid in reintegration
C) assist in life skills
D) all of the other choices

Question 14

Mental health courts are in operation in every state.

Question 15

Plea bargaining accounts for more than 95 percent of all criminal convictions in the United States.

Question 16

An acquittal is a formal certification by the court stating that the accused is found "guilty" of the crimes he or she has been charged with.

Question 17

Leadership in the criminal justice system is usually provided by the __________.

A) defense attorney
B) prosecutor
C) judge
D) jury
E) probation officer

Question 18

In the__________,the determination whether probable cause exists for believing that an offense has been committed and the accused committed it.

A) diversion hearing
B) arraignment
C) preliminary hearing
D) presentment
E) discovery process

Question 19

DWI courts are being established to __________.

A) protect public safety
B) reduce recidivism
C) attack the root cause of impaired driving
D) protect public safety, reduce recidivism and attack the root cause of impaired driving

Question 20

The authority to hear an appeal to set aside a conviction is __________.

A) venue
B) preliminary hearing
C) trial court authority
D) original jurisdiction
E) appellate jurisdiction

Question 21

The one-pot approach resulted from the juvenile court equating poor and abused children with __________.

A) high school dropouts
B) delinquent and criminal children
C) orphans
D) mentally ill children
E) terminally ill children

Question 22

__________ established standards for the admission of expert testimony in federal courts.

Question 23

A __________ is a document alleging a juvenile is a delinquent,status offender or dependent and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the child.

A) writ of certiorari
B) writ of habeas corpus
C) complaint
D) petition
E) warrant

Question 24

It is believed that plea bargaining is involved in _____________ of all felony convictions.

A) less than 10 percent
B) about 25 percent
C) nearly 50 percent
D) approximately 75 percent
E) more than 90 percent

Question 25

The concept of _________________ means the state was responsible for the general protection of all people within its jurisdiction who could not protect themselves,including children.

A) nolo contendere
B) parens patriae
C) voir dire
D) lex talionis
E) pro bono

Question 26

If a defendant chooses to waive a jury and appear before the judge only,this is called a(n)__________.

A) arraignment
B) no-bill
C) petition
D) bench trial
E) plea bargain

Question 27

A __________ is a request for a transcript of the proceedings of the case for review.

Question 28

A court with the authority to try cases is often called a __________.

Question 29

When the jury is unable to come to a decision on a case,this is known as a__________.

A) disabled jury
B) hung jury
C) sequestered jury
D) cancelled jury

Question 30

The first Black Supreme Court justice was __________.

Question 31

__________ is a legal negotiation between the prosecutor and the defense lawyer where they reach an agreement that avoids a trial.

A) Arraignment
B) Indictment
C) Plea bargaining
D) Writ of habeas corpus
E) Complaint

Question 32

Mental health courts,drug courts and juvenile courts are all forms of __________.

Question 33

Through __________ the defense attorney tries to discredit prosecution witnesses.

A) the discovery process
B) diversion
C) cross-examination
D) plea bargaining
E) judicial waiver

Question 34

The first woman Supreme Court Justice was __________.

Question 35

At the __________ the youth is questioned about the alleged offense.

A) adjudication hearing
B) preliminary hearing
C) disposition hearing
D) grand jury hearing
E) appeals hearing

Question 36

The degree of proof necessary to obtain a conviction is __________.

A) preponderance of the evidence
B) beyond a reasonable doubt
C) probable cause
D) guilt by association
E) all of the other choices

Question 37

__________ are neighborhood-based courts that seek to solve local problems.

Question 38

The __________ hearing in juvenile court is similar to sentencing in the adult court system.

A) adjudication
B) preliminary
C) disposition
D) grand jury
E) appeals

Question 39

All are key players in the judicial process except__________.

A) judge
B) defendant
C) prosecutor
D) jury
E) witness

Question 40

Historically juvenile courts have been __________ systems that stress rehabilitation.

A) informal
B) private
C) non-adversarial
D) informal, private and non-adversarial
E) none of the other choices

Question 41

Identify and discuss the alternatives to a trial.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 42

Identify the key players in the judicial process.Outline the roles of each.

Question 43

Identify and discuss specialized courts.Outline the purposes,advantages,and disadvantages of each.

Question 44

The __________ allows juvenile court judges to transfer cases based on a juvenile's age,type of offense,prior record and dangerousness.

Question 45

Outline and discuss the role of the prosecutor.Include discussion on the dual role of the prosecutor.

Question 46

Compare and contrast the juvenile court and adult court systems.

Question 47

The __________ seeks to establish probable cause to prevent people from being indiscriminately brought to trial.

Question 48

__________ means that the accused is assumed innocent until proof to the contrary is clearly established.