Deck 20: The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution

Question 1

Why did the federal government issue a wartime poster showcasing Dorie Miller?

A) He had passed the entrance exam into the U.S.Navy.
B) He had decided to join the U.S.Army.
C) He had defended sailors at the battle of Pearl Harbor.
D) He had attacked white sailors on board a U.S.destroyer.

Answer 1

He had defended sailors at the battle of Pearl Harbor.

Question 2

What statement is Horace Pippin making in his painting,Mr.Prejudice (1943)?

A) black inferiority to whites
B) white superiority to blacks
C) the problem of racism during wartime
D) the problem of integration during wartime

Answer 2

the problem of racism during wartime

Question 3

What was the effect of Executive Order 8802?

A) It had a great effect, as even industries across the South were forced to comply with the president's orders.
B) White resistance and a failure to include union activity and the military greatly limited the order's effectiveness.
C) Black women were still refused entry into the armed forces, although they had proven themselves able to handle combat roles.
D) It continued to exclude blacks, very effectively, from any type of defense job in the nation.

Answer 3

White resistance and a failure to include union activity and the military greatly limited the order's effectiveness.

Question 4

What did Dorie Miller's actions during Pearl Harbor illustrate about blacks in the military?

A) They completely confirmed white racist attitudes.
B) Since Miller was the first man to perish at Pearl Harbor, he became an instant hero.
C) Miller received the Navy Cross for heroism but was immediately returned to mess duty.
D) Miller's action showed that the 1925 American War College study was correct.

Question 5

Why did the Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor?

A) They were trying to assert control over Asia and force the United States out.
B) They had no apparent reason.It was simply an unprovoked act of aggression.
C) They were angry over American treatment of Japanese and black citizens.
D) They were retaliating for American use of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima.

Question 6

What was a difference between German POWs' treatment in camps and the treatment of African Americans in the military?

A) Germans often received worse treatment than blacks.
B) Germans were more restricted in their ability to move about the camps.
C) Germans were white and therefore received better treatment by whites than African-American soldiers did.
D) Germans could periodically return to Germany and come back.

Question 7

What was the result of Mabel K.Staupers's efforts on behalf of black nurses?

A) Her efforts were never successful.
B) The War Department ended quotas and exclusion of black nurses before the end of the war.
C) The War Department enlarged the number of black nurses it accepted, but refused to end quotas.
D) The War Department actually made nursing more restrictive when they raised requirements for service.

Question 8

What did the 1925 American War College study conclude about African Americans?

A) They were physically fit for combat duty.
B) They were inferior in intelligence.
C) They could control themselves in the face of danger.
D) They should serve as officers.

Question 9

Which type of plane was not usually flown by the Tuskegee Airmen?

A) B-52s
B) P-40s
C) P-39s
D) P-51s

Question 10

What two countries formed the Axis on the eve of World War II?

A) Germany and China
B) Germany and England
C) Japan and Italy
D) Germany and Italy

Question 11

What did Executive Order 8802 do?

A) It ended discrimination by race in the armed forces.
B) It desegregated all U.S.government facilities and government-funded facilities.
C) It technically ended discrimination by race in defense industry employment.
D) It allowed black women into the military as nurses and cooks.

Question 12

How did the government incorporate blacks into the workforce to prepare for World War II?

A) The government was overcoming the idea of racism even prior to the war.
B) The government thought that too many whites would refuse to work in menial positions.
C) The government wanted all Americans behind the war.
D) Most employers and unions refused to allow blacks to work in wartime industries.

Question 13

Why did the United States delay getting involved in World War II?

A) Franklin Roosevelt continuously worked against involvement.
B) Congress was isolationist and thought that we should not have been involved in World War I.
C) England refused to allow America to become involved, thinking that the United States would dominate the war.
D) The Soviet Union planted communist spies to try to make sure America did not enter the war.

Question 14

What was the primary force behind many of Adolf Hitler's policies?

A) nationalism, focused on bringing strength to Italy
B) racism, blaming Jews for all of Germany's problems
C) anticommunism, although Hitler refused to persecute them for fear of Soviet reprisals
D) radicalism, driven by the desire to eliminate conservatives from politics

Question 15

What was a common occupation for many black soldiers in Europe?

A) They were often a part of the transportation corps, delivering supplies to soldiers at the front lines.
B) They were only responsible for digging trenches and setting up temporary quarters for white soldiers.
C) They were rarely put in any position of danger during the war.
D) No African Americans were sent to Europe because they were thought to be lazy and cowardly.

Question 16

What was the March on Washington Movement designed to do?

A) stop racial segregation in the nation's public schools and transportation
B) stop discrimination against blacks in wartime industries and the military
C) stop the lynching of black men by white mobs
D) eliminate discrimination in restaurants and theaters

Question 17

What policies did the War Department lay out for black participation in the military during World War II?

A) African Americans would be the lead troops and undertake the first wave of combat in Europe.
B) African Americans would be kept segregated and serve mainly in noncombat units.
C) African Americans would have absolutely no role or presence in Europe.
D) African Americans would be limited to digging ditches in Europe for white troops.

Question 18

Why did Hitler and Mussolini create the Axis alliance?

A) They wanted to control Asia.
B) They wanted to control Africa.
C) They wanted to control Europe.
D) They wanted to control the United States.

Question 19

Examine the photograph of a black nurse with a German prisoner of war that appears in Chapter 20.What might the German prisoner have thought of a black woman attending him?

A) He would have held steadfastly to the notion of German racial superiority to world peoples, particularly non-whites.
B) He would have attempted to marry the woman out of love for women of color.
C) He would have viewed her as racially inferior but most likely would have changed his mind after her treatment of him.
D) He would have committed suicide out of despair.

Question 20

What did Mabel K.Staupers fight against during the war?

A) She fought against the ban of women in combat roles.
B) She tried to halt discrimination against black men in combat roles.
C) She fought against quotas for black nurses in the U.S.Army Nurse Corps.
D) She fought against the lynching of black soldiers.

Question 21

Which was the first war to see integrated American troop units in conflict?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Korean War
D) the Vietnam War

Question 22

In what area did Du Bois think the NAACP should focus after World War II?

A) toward economic gains for blacks
B) toward winning independence for African nations
C) toward desegregating the armed forces
D) toward winning rights for black women in the South

Question 23

Why were the Tuskegee Airmen the most visible group of black soldiers?

A) They were a group of Native American code talkers in the Air Force.
B) They were a group of German prisoners of war who flew planes for the U.S.
C) They were an all-black unit of Air Force pilots and had black officers.
D) They refused to serve in the war because of racism and discrimination.

Question 24

What successes did the NAACP see during the war?

A) The NAACP experienced modest decline during the war.
B) None, because the government shut down the organization during the war.
C) The NAACP grew tremendously in membership and influence, even in the South.
D) The NAACP suspended operations during the war to avoid being labeled "unpatriotic."

Question 25

Why did President Roosevelt issue Executive Order 9346?

A) Mabel Stauper's efforts to end quotas for black nurses
B) the March on Washington Movement
C) the murder of 2500 black soldiers at the Battle of the Bulge
D) the ineffectiveness of the FEPC during the early part of World War II

Question 26

What did Executive Order 9981 do?

A) It forbade discrimination by race in defense industries.
B) It forbade discrimination by gender in the armed forces.
C) It officially desegregated the armed forces.
D) It forbade discrimination by race or gender in defense industries.

Question 27

How did blacks and other ethnic groups interpret the causes of the Detroit race riot?

A) They saw it as the result of ongoing, long-standing white supremacist tactics in Detroit.
B) They thought blacks had been too aggressive in pushing for rights, and were under communist influence.
C) White policies of lynching blacks for failing to take their hats off in a white woman's presence were ridiculous, demeaning, and should be changed.
D) The NAACP's language of violence and retaliation was not part of protected First Amendment speech and was a primary cause of black anger.

Question 28

What was the G.I.Bill?

A) a bill that black soldiers had to pay to the federal government
B) a bill that white soldiers had to pay to the states
C) a bill that provided soldiers with reduced costs for college and housing
D) a bill that men paid if they did not serve in the U.S.military during World War II

Question 29

How did labor opportunities change for black women during World War II?

A) They did not-black women continued to be employed only in domestic work.
B) Black women were able to move into high-level clerical jobs because white women were employed elsewhere.
C) Many women were able to move from domestic service jobs to industrial work.
D) Black women began to take over male barbershops when black men left for the war.

Question 30

In 1942 blacks formed what civil rights organization?

A) the NAACP
B) SNCC
C) CORE
D) the Urban League

Question 31

What was the most common result of the efforts of Malcolm Ross and the Committee on Fair Employment Practice to end discrimination?

A) resistance by whites, especially in the South, to desegregation
B) improvement in blacks' situation in labor across the South
C) worsening conditions for blacks, as the South began to fire blacks so they would not have to deal with Ross
D) many in the South abandoned the idea of segregation in employment

Question 32

What was significant about the Southern Regional Council?

A) It was a white racist group, dedicated to destroying the NAACP.
B) It was a black group, organized to fight for civil rights in the South.
C) It was an interracial group that challenged the racist system in the South.
D) It was a militant black group that focused on the use of violence to destroy racism.

Question 33

What organization was formed in 1949 by the U.S.and its allies against the Soviet Union?

A) the Axis Pact
B) the United Nations
C) the NAACP
D) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 34

What was the Cold War?

A) the armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in Siberia after World War II
B) an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union
C) another name for the Korean War during the early 1950s
D) the war against segregation in the United States

Question 35

What point did W.E.B.Du Bois and Ralph Bunche agree on regarding Africa?

A) Africa should come under American control for its benefit.
B) Blacks should migrate to Africa to gain more civil and political rights.
C) African nations should be free from colonial control.
D) Africa should serve as a model for race relations in the United States.

Question 36

How did the U.S.government punish Robeson for his views?

A) They placed him under house arrest.
B) They revoked his passport and refused to allow him to travel abroad.
C) They sent him to prison under solitary confinement and refused to allow him access to an attorney.
D) They secretly kidnapped him and sent him to live in exile in the Soviet Union.

Question 37

How did whites such as William E.Dowling interpret the causes of the Detroit race riot?

A) Racism had been the primary force in the riot, and whites should work toward better relations with blacks.
B) Blacks were too aggressive in pushing for rights, and they were under communist influence.
C) The police had acted too harshly and should be punished.
D) The NAACP's language of violence and retaliation was not part of protected First Amendment speech and was a primary cause of black anger.

Question 38

Why did the Detroit Race Riot take place in 1943?

A) disputes over employment and housing conditions
B) anger over the brutality of the police towards whites
C) a fight over segregation of Detroit's race track
D) anger over a dramatic rise in the price of food

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of black labor during World War II?

A) The agricultural economy began to recover, and few blacks left the farms voluntarily.
B) Pressure from the government, and the promise of high wages, drew many blacks into industrial positions.
C) There were very few changes for blacks during World War II.
D) Blacks began to speak out about greater changes in jobs, but were rarely able to take advantage of the situation.

Question 40

What statement did Paul Robeson make that infuriated anticommunists in the United States?

A) Robeson advocated that all blacks move immediately to the Soviet Union.
B) Robeson declared that he would not be drafted to fight in the Cold War.
C) Robeson could not understand why blacks should fight for a country that denied them civil rights.
D) Robeson made public comments stating that he thought HUAC had been infiltrated by communists.

Question 41

How did the Cold War impact African Americans in world affairs?

A) It expanded the level of segregation in the United States.
B) It expanded the number of race riots taking place in the United States.
C) It prevented an expansion of the role of blacks in the international arena.
D) It gave new importance to the voices of blacks in the international arena.

Question 42

Because of its burgeoning aircraft industry and the success of civil rights groups and the federal government in limiting discrimination, Los Angeles saw its small African-American community increase by more than 340,000 during the war.

Question 43

Civil war in Spain stimulated renewed activism among leftist African Americans during the 1930s.

Question 44

What domestic effect did the Cold War have in America?

A) The tension with the Soviet Union created an era of repression against people suspected of supporting communism.
B) Very little because the war was not actually fought in the United States.
C) It caused blacks to gain favor with government leaders because they were active in fighting the Cold War with the Soviets.
D) It had the effect of forcing the government to make concessions to African Americans without any demands on their part.

Question 45

Support of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade reflected a commitment by a few African Americans to the communists' vision of internationalism.

Question 46

How did the Korean War reflect U.S.Cold War policy?

A) The aim of the war was to allow communist nations to expand as Cold War policy dictated.
B) The aim of the war was to form bonds of cooperation with the Soviet Union as Cold War policy unfolded.
C) The aim of the war was to reconcile political interests with China as Cold War policy demanded.
D) The aim of the war was for the U.S.to contain communism from expanding to other nations.

Question 47

How did the blockade of East Berlin by the Soviet Union shape Cold War relationships with the U.S?

A) It exerted no discernible impact.
B) It helped improve relations between the two nations.
C) It increased tensions between the two nations.
D) It ended Soviet influence over Cuba.

Question 48

The abundance of industrial jobs helped spur the second phase of the Great Migration, in which some 1.5 million migrants left the South.

Question 49

The March on Washington Movement was unsuccessful in pressuring the federal government to improve hiring practices in government military employment.

Question 50

The "Double V" campaign entailed the fight of blacks against fascism at home in the U.S.and discrimination abroad.

Question 51

How did Henry Wallace alter Truman's actions concerning African Americans during the election of 1948?

A) Wallace caused Truman to adopt more policies favoring African Americans in order to keep their votes.
B) Because Wallace was the leader of the Dixiecrat Party, Truman explicitly went against him in advocating black rights.
C) Wallace was a black communist leader of the NAACP and caused Truman to crack down on that organization during the 1950s.
D) Wallace really had no effect on Truman because he had no support.

Question 52

How was the black vote related to the desegregation of the military after World War II?

A) Black voters helped to stall the eventual desegregation of the military.
B) Black voters made no impact on the pace of desegregation of the military.
C) Black voters helped to hasten the desegregation of the military.
D) Black voters failed to vote in sufficient numbers to change segregation in the military.

Question 53

By early 1940 the United States had instituted its first peacetime draft to provide men for the army and navy.

Question 54

What was the connection between anti-communism and the civil rights movement after World War II?

A) No connection existed.
B) Anti-communism in the U.S.led to the end of the civil rights movement in 1960.
C) Anti-communism in the U.S.helped the civil rights movement achieve full success by 1955.
D) Blacks who criticized the U.S.were called communists and discredited.

Question 55

What is the relationship between Henry Wallace and the 1948 presidential election?

A) Wallace served as Harry Truman's campaign manager.
B) Wallace served as Harry Truman's vice presidential candidate.
C) Wallace won the election.
D) Wallace ran on the Progressive Party ticket against Truman.

Question 56

When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935,black communities throughout the United States organized to send it aid.

Question 57

How did the Cold War influence African Americans' struggle for rights?

A) It made racism and segregation less acceptable as the United States struggled for influence among Third World nations.
B) It decreased the power of the federal government over social conditions in the nation, which made it more difficult for blacks to achieve civil rights.
C) It decreased the power of the military, making military desegregation less significant.
D) The Soviet policy of overt racism was seen as negative by Americans.

Question 58

Black workers and volunteers helped staff the factories and farms that produced goods for World War II while also purchasing war bonds and participating in other defense activities.

Question 59

How is Paul Robeson an example of the impact of the Cold War on black entertainers?

A) Robeson's career was not impacted by the Cold War.
B) Robeson's singing career skyrocketed after he was declared a communist.
C) Robeson sang for President Truman because of Robeson's Cold War efforts.
D) Robeson's singing career was destroyed because he was a communist.

Question 60

The results of U.S.military efforts during World War II entailed victory over Japan,Germany,and Italy,as well as a new and powerful role in Cold War affairs.

Question 61

By 1947, World War II veterans accounted for __________ of all college students in the United States.

Question 62

In 1950 the North Koreans,allied with the __________ attacked the American-supported government in South Korea and launched a "hot war" in the midst of the Cold War.

Question 63

What is the meaning of the statement "the transformation of black soldiers" in relation to World War II?

Question 64

How did the activities of Ralph Bunche compare to the activities of W.E.B.Du Bois immediately after World War II?

Question 65

The most dramatic rise in black population in the nation during World War II took place in southern __________.

Question 66

How and why did policies toward blacks in the military begin to change during World War II?

Question 67

How did the struggles of African Americans for equal rights in the military reflect the overall fight for civil rights during the era?

Question 68

By 1954 the army had disbanded its last all-black units,and the armed forces became one of the first sectors of American society to abandon __________.

Question 69

What were the origins of the Cold War? How did it affect American society?

Question 70

After the Battle of the __________,a massive German counterattack in Belgium in December 1944,over 2,500 black volunteers fought in integrated units.

Question 71

Militant American anticommunism ignited an explosion of red-baiting hysteria that led to the rise of the House _________Activities Committee (HUAC).

Question 72

In 1944 southern white liberals joined with blacks to establish the Southern _________ Council, an example of the local initiative of private citizens devoted to expanding democracy in a region better known for the exploitation of its black citizens.

Question 73

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen and why was their experience unique in terms of black service in the military during World War II?

Question 74

The war helped to __________ the migration of African Americans from rural areas to the cities.

Question 75

Because of the military's policies, most of the nearly _________ _________
African Americans who served during World War II did so in auxiliary units, notably in the transportation and engineering corps.

Question 76

The relationship between the second phase of the __________ Migration and World War II included the increase of black populations in northern and western cities with significant wartime industries.

Question 77

Who is Mabel K.Staupers and how does her life reveal the contours of the African-American experience during this time?

Question 78

How did the 1948 election illustrate the growing power of African Americans?

Question 79

How is the March on Washington Movement an example of civil rights agitation during the era?

Question 80

How did the transition toward peace after World War II reflect the initial tensions of the Cold War?