Deck 47: The Biosphere

Question 1

Deserts are usually found between what latitudes?

A) 0-15 degrees
B) 15-25 degrees
C) 25-40 degrees
D) 40-60 degrees
E) 60-90 degrees

Answer 1

25-40 degrees

Question 2

Fire in the dry shrublands does not kill the small bushy plants most probably because

A) these plants have a tough protective bark.
B) their leaves are very heavy and wet.
C) they can resprout from roots.
D) the Forest Service puts the fires out quickly.
E) the fires burn the taller plants and burn out before reaching ground level.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In general, communities that characterize a biome are arrays of species that are adapted to

A) specific temperatures.
B) patterns of rainfall.
C) soil type.
D) each other.
E) all of these.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Most of the tallgrass prairies have been converted

A) to grazing lands.
B) for citrus production.
C) to homesteads.
D) to croplands.
E) to vineyards.

Question 5

A mountain rain shadow is the

A) arid area on the windward slope.
B) wet area on the windward slope.
C) arid area on the leeward slope.
D) wet area on the leeward slope.
E) arid area on either slope.

Question 6

Both the large waves and starvation of marine mammals was caused by

A) El Niño.
B) El Diablo.
C) El Minator.
D) El Laborador.
E) none of these.

Question 7

The biome with the most complex diversity is the

A) tundra.
B) taiga.
C) tropical rain forest.
D) desert.
E) grassland.

Question 8

Which factor has the greatest effect on the amount of incoming light that strikes an area?

A) latitude
B) temperature
C) humidity
D) the ozone layer
E) wind pattern

Question 9

Deserts typically form at ____ latitude where ____.

A) 30 degrees; warm dry air descends
B) 60 degrees; warm dry air descends
C) 0 degrees; there is intense sunlight
D) 60 degrees; warm dry air ascends
E) 75 degrees; rising air picks up moisture

Question 10

El Niño is a recurring weather phenomenon that

A) increases global warming.
B) stabilizes world climates.
C) produces a fluctuation in global weather.
D) depletes the ozone layer.
E) increases oceanic productivity.

Question 11

All deserts have which of the following in common?

A) low rainfall amounts
B) uniformly high temperature
C) sand
D) sparse vegetation
E) large leafy plants

Question 12

The tradewinds in the zone from 0 to 30 degrees north latitude are generally from the

A) north.
B) northwest.
C) northeast.
D) southeast.
E) southwest.

Question 13

In dry shrublands

A) plants are adapted to episodes of fire.
B) primary production is abundant throughout the year.
C) there are constant cool temperatures throughout the year.
D) winters are mild and summers are wet.
E) precipitation occurs evenly year round.

Question 14

Ocean currents flow in response to ____; their direction is an outcome of the earth's rotation and ____, causing a ____ rotation in the Northern Hemisphere and a ____ rotation in the Southern Hemisphere.

A) gravity; topography; counterclockwise; clockwise
B) topography; gravity; clockwise; counterclockwise
C) temperature; topography; clockwise; counterclockwise
D) gravity; topography; clockwise; counterclockwise
E) winds; gravity; clockwise; counterclockwise

Question 15

Conifers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) thick cuticles.
B) intolerance to warm climates.
C) needle-shaped leaves.
D) recessed stomata.
E) adaptations for conserving water.

Question 16

Which factor has the least effect on the amount of incoming light that strikes an area?

A) latitude
B) temperature
C) the slope of the land that is exposed to the incoming light
D) the amount of cloud cover
E) season

Question 17

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was the result of destruction of

A) deserts.
B) chaparrals.
C) tallgrass prairies.
D) shortgrass prairies.
E) temperate deciduous forests.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence in terms of increasing size?

A) ecosystem >>> community >>>biome >>> biosphere
B) ecosystem >>> biome >>> biosphere >>>community
C) biome >>> ecosystem >>> community>>>
Biosphere
D) community>>>ecosystem >>> biome >>> biosphere
E) community>>>biome >>> ecosystem >>> biosphere

Question 19

Which biome is characterized by plants whose leaves turn color and drop off in the autumn?

A) coniferous forest
B) tundra
C) temperate deciduous forest
D) tropical rain forest
E) all of these

Question 20

The global pattern of air circulation begins at

A) the equator.
B) 30 degrees north latitude.
C) 30 degrees south latitude.
D) 60 degrees north latitude.
E) 60 degrees south latitude.

Question 21

The primary producers for hydrothermal vent ecosystems are

A) chemoautotrophs.
B) chemoheterotrophs.
C) phytoplankton.
D) cyanobacteria.
E) algae.

Question 22

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the stratifications of a lake in a temperate region.
The limnetic zone is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 23

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the stratifications of a lake in a temperate region.
Where the thermocline forms is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 24

Reef systems

A) are seriously threatened ecosystems.
B) are formed from calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps.
C) have symbiotic dinoflagellates in the living coral.
D) have shown widespread bleaching; death of corals is being reported worldwide.
E) include all of these.

Question 25

Which biome is a treeless plain that occurs around the Arctic Circle?

A) shortgrass prairie
B) taiga
C) cold desert
D) cold grassland
E) tundra

Question 26

A lake in which nutrients are low is

A) atrophic.
B) oligotrophic.
C) eutrophic.
D) hypotrophic.
E) hypertrophic.

Question 27

Most of the ocean's productivity occurs

A) in the open ocean.
B) in the intertidal zone.
C) in the neritic zone.
D) near hydrothermal vents.
E) in the benthic province.

Question 28

The rocky shore zone that has the greatest diversity of life is the

A) upper littoral.
B) midlittoral.
C) lower littoral.
D) intertidal.
E) neritic.

Question 29

The hosts for the causative agent of cholera between El Niño Southern Oscillations are

A) humans.
B) algae.
C) copepods.
D) shellfish.
E) marine worms.

Question 30

The poor fishing off the coast of Peru associated with El Niño is related to oceanic

A) lack of typical oceanic upwellings.
B) upwellings.
C) thermal inversions.
D) cyclonic activity.
E) oxygen depletion.

Question 31

Freshwater lakes in temperate regions will turn over in the

A) fall.
B) winter.
C) spring.
D) summer.
E) fall and spring.

Question 32

Thorough mixing of oxygen and nutrients within lakes in temperate regions occurs in

A) winter and summer.
B) winter and spring.
C) spring and summer.
D) spring and autumn.
E) summer and autumn.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the arctic tundra?

A) a perpetually waterlogged soil
B) rapid nutrient recycling
C) one of the world's greatest store of carbon
D) permafrost
E) cool, anaerobic conditions

Question 34

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the stratifications of a lake in a temperate region.
The profundal zone is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 35

All of the following are true regarding coral reefs EXCEPT that they

A) develop in warm, clear waters near coasts or tropical islands.
B) are found between 25 degrees north and south.
C) are wave-resistant formations.
D) are the least diverse marine ecosystem.
E) consist primarily of secreted calcium carbonate.

Question 36

The taiga is best described as what type of forest?

A) deciduous
B) thorn
C) evergreen coniferous
D) broad-leafed
E) shrub

Question 37

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
benthic province

Question 38

Water draining from the land mixes with seawater carried in on tides in which of the following?

A) upper littoral
B) midlittoral
C) lower littoral
D) estuary
E) upwellings

Question 39

The boreal forests of North America are dominated by

A) spruce, fir, and pine.
B) redwoods and sequoia.
C) birch and aspen.
D) long-leaf and loblolly pines.
E) cedars and junipers.

Question 40

Which are nursery grounds for shrimp and many invertebrates and fish?

A) photic zones
B) benthic zones
C) estuaries
D) pelagic zones
E) limnetic areas

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
savanna

Question 42

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.grassland
c.desert
d.taiga
e.savanna
A plant community composed primarily of shrubby trees widely spaced and surrounded by grasses is this biome.

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
biome

Question 44

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.grassland
c.desert
d.taiga
e.savanna
Conifers are most likely to be found in this biome.

Question 45

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
This biome is most likely to have a population of moose.

Question 46

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
estuaries

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
taiga

Question 48

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
hydrothermal ecosystem

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Global air circulation patterns affect climate and the distribution of __________.

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
littoral zone

Question 51

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
In this biome you could find a black spruce.

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
tropical rain forest

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.grassland
c.desert
d.taiga
e.savanna
This biome has the richest soils.

Question 54

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.grassland
c.desert
d.taiga
e.savanna
A community composed of herbaceous plants, no trees, a very short growing season, and relatively few animal species is likely to be this biome.

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
tundra

Question 56

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.grassland
c.desert
d.taiga
e.savanna
Variable daily temperatures and plants that are highly resistant to desiccation characterize this biome.

Question 57

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
In this biome you would expect to find soggy masses of undecayed vegetation.

Question 58

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
This biome would be most likely to have a black oak.

Question 59

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Plants in this biome are adapted to periodic fires.

Question 60

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.northern coniferous forest
b.increases oceanic productivity
c.mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall
d.stratified on rocky coasts
e.includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f.stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g.chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h.dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i.nurseries of the oceans
j.a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
upwellings

Question 61

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Considering the history of the Earth, would the water flow and precipitation patterns have been as they are now?

Question 62

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
In temperate-zone lakes, a __________ and a fall overturn cause vertical mixing of waters and trigger a burst of productivity.

Question 63

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Vast __________ form in the interior of midlatitude continents.

Question 64

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
In summer, a __________ prevents upper and lower waters from mixing.

Question 65

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
What are the three major factors that impact the type of biome that will exist in a given area?

Question 66

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
What are the two primary factors that can cause deciduous trees to drop their leaves?

Question 67

What is unique about hydrothermal vents as an ecosystem?

Question 68

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
An __________ is an enclosed coastal region where seawater mixes with nutrient-rich fresh water from rivers and streams.

Question 69

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest

-From the equator to latitudes 10 $\degree$ north and south, high rainfall, high humidity, and mild temperatures can support __________.

Question 70

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Low-growing, hardy plants of the __________ occur at high latitudes, where there is a layer of __________.At high altitudes, similar plants grow as __________.

Question 71

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
Where a cold, dry season alternates with a cold, rainy season, __________ dominate.

Question 72

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a.tundra
b.chaparral
c.desert
d.taiga
e.deciduous forest
__________ are regions with a particular type of dominant vegetation.