Deck 46: Ecosystems

Question 1

Which of the following are in order from primary producer to 4^th trophic level?

A) grass: coyote: bird: grasshopper
B) coyote: bird: grasshopper: grass
C) bird: grasshopper: grass: coyote
D) grass: grasshopper: bird: coyote
E) none of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain.
How many levels of consumption are depicted in the figure?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain.
An herbivore is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Decomposers are indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 5

Which of the following represents energy flow in a grazing food web?

A) producers >>> detritivores >>> decomposers
B) producers >>> decomposers >>> detritivores
C) producers >>> herbivores >>> decomposers >>> carnivores
D) producers >>> herbivores >>> carnivores >>> decomposers
E) producers >>> herbivores >>> detritivores >>> carnivores

Question 6

Decomposers recycle materials at ____ trophic level(s).

A) the first
B) the second
C) the third
D) the fourth
E) any of these

Question 7

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The figure illustrates

A) a pyramid of energy.
B) a pyramid of biomass.
C) a grazing food web.
D) a detrital food web.
E) the recycling of energy in an ecosystem.

Question 8

Phosphate is introduced to ecosystems via:

A) fertilizers.
B) laundry detergents.
C) dish detergents.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 9

A network of interactions that involves the cycling of materials and the flow of energy among organisms and their physical environment is

A) a population.
B) a community.
C) an ecosystem.
D) the biosphere.
E) the habitat.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain.
A second level consumer is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain.
The most amount of energy is available to

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 12

The primary consumers in natural communities are

A) herbivores.
B) carnivores.
C) scavengers.
D) decomposers.
E) all of these.

Question 13

The ultimate source of all energy in a terrestrial ecosystem is

A) the organic matter in all the organisms of the ecosystem.
B) electrons from water molecules.
C) sunlight.
D) ATP.
E) inorganic mineral ions in the soil.

Question 14

Gross primary productivity refers to the total

A) quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time.
B) quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem.
C) energy trapped initially by the producers.
D) energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time.
E) energy used by the producers for their growth and reproduction.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Carnivores are indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 16

The concept of an ecosystem differs from that of a community in that, unlike the community, the ecosystem includes the

A) producers.
B) decomposers.
C) physical environmental factors.
D) animals as well as the plants.
E) parasites.

Question 17

The following nutrient most associated with eutrophication is:

A) iron.
B) hydrogen.
C) oxygen.
D) carbon.
E) phosphate.

Question 18

Detritivores are

A) bacteria.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) animals.
E) both bacteria and fungi.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT dependent on the others as a source of food?

A) carnivores
B) herbivores
C) producers
D) detritivores
E) decomposers

Question 20

Algal blooms deplete the water of

A) oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) nitrogen.
D) phosphorus.
E) calcium.

Question 21

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
food chain

Question 22

Like ____, phosphorus can only be taken up by plants in ____.

A) carbon; ionized form
B) nitrogen; compounds
C) nitrogen; ionized form
D) hydrogen; ionized form
E) carbon; compounds

Question 23

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
legumes

Question 24

Carbon is introduced into the atmosphere by all EXCEPT which of the following means?

A) respiration
B) diffusion
C) burning of fossil fuels
D) wind erosion of rocks
E) tilling of soil

Question 25

Nitrous oxide

A)is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon monoxide
B)is released in the burning of fossil fuels
C)destroys the ozone
D)is found in synthetic fertilizers
E)is all of the above

Question 26

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
net primary production

Question 27

Each tier of the biomass pyramid depicts the ____ of all the organisms in an ecosystem.

A) size
B) number of species
C) dry weight
D) total weight
E) total utilization of materials

Question 28

The pyramid of energy illustrates

A) the first law of thermodynamics.
B) the diminishing of usable energy as it is transferred through an ecosystem.
C) that energy can be recycled.
D) the biological magnification of materials in an ecosystem.
E) the diminishing number of organisms at each trophic level.

Question 29

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
primary productivity

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT cycle through an ecosystem?

A) water
B) carbon
C) energy
D) phosphorus
E) nitrogen

Question 31

Most of the carbon now present in the earth's atmosphere will eventually end up in what two reservoirs?

A) plants and animals
B) plants and decomposers
C) plants and soil
D) plants and oceans
E) plants and fossil fuels

Question 32

Which of the following indicators of global warming has (have) occurred?

A) increase in the temperature of the lower atmosphere
B) rise in sea level
C) global surface temperatures are increasing at a faster rate
D) melting of glaciers
E) all of these

Question 33

Nitrification

A) converts ammonium into nitrates.
B) reduces nitrates to nitrites.
C) converts nitrogenous compounds into free nitrogen.
D) converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
E) reduces ammonia to ammonium.

Question 34

Most of the water vapor in the earth's atmosphere comes from evaporation from

A) lakes.
B) rivers.
C) land.
D) oceans.
E) plants.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT involved in nitrogen fixation?

A) breaking triple bonds
B) production of ammonia
C) production of NO₃ ^-
D) production of NH₄⁺
E) All of these are involved in nitrogen fixation.

Question 36

Most of the earth's usable carbon is in its

A) sedimentary rocks.
B) atmosphere.
C) biomass.
D) oceans.
E) mantle.

Question 37

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
detritus

Question 38

Ecosystems may lose nitrogen through

A) denitrification.
B) nitrification.
C) nitrogen fixation.
D) all of these.
E) none of these.

Question 39

Approximately what percent of the energy that enters a trophic level becomes available to the next trophic level?

A) 2 to 12
B) 3 to 13
C) 4 to 14
D) 5 to 15
E) 5 to 30

Question 40

Which gas is increasing in the atmosphere and intensifying the greenhouse effect?

A) carbon dioxide
B) carbon monoxide
C) ozone
D) nitrogen
E) oxygen

Question 41

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The process whereby nitrite is converted to nitrate is an important part of this process.

Question 42

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
There is a __________ flow of energy into and out of an ecosystem, and a cycling of materials among resident species.

Question 43

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
In a __________, water or some nutrient moves from an environmental reservoir, through organisms, then back to the environment.

Question 44

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
A __________ shows one path of energy and nutrient flow among organisms.

Question 45

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
a.producer
b.primary consumer
c.secondary consumer
d.tertiary consumer
e.decomposer
Most fungi function as this.

Question 46

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The action of bacteria on ammonia, ultimately converting it to nitrate, involves this process.

Question 47

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
A __________ is an area where all precipitation drains into a specific waterway.

Question 48

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
In __________ food chains, most energy flows from producers directly to detritivores and decomposers.

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The conversion of gaseous nitrogen first to ammonia and then to other nitrogenous compounds involves this.

Question 50

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
a.producer
b.primary consumer
c.secondary consumer
d.tertiary consumer
e.decomposer
A herbivore is this.

Question 51

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b.total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c.a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels
d.the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels
e.DDT in the environment
f.a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g.particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
gross primary production

Question 52

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The __________ is a sedimentary cycle; Earth's crust is the largest reservoir, and there is no major gaseous form.

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
__________ refers to nutrient enrichment of any ecosystem that is otherwise low in nutrients.

Question 54

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The action of bacteria on nitrogen-containing wastes involves this process.

Question 55

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
The action of bacteria on nitrates, converting them to gaseous nitrogen, involves this process.

Question 56

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
a.producer
b.primary consumer
c.secondary consumer
d.tertiary consumer
e.decomposer
A Venus flytrap devouring an insect to obtain nitrogen functions as this.

Question 57

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
__________ is an energy-intensive method of obtaining fresh water from __________.

Question 58

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
An __________ consists of an array of organisms along with nonliving components of their environment.

Question 59

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
a.producer
b.primary consumer
c.secondary consumer
d.tertiary consumer
e.decomposer
A bear eating blueberries is functioning as this.

Question 60

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
a.producer
b.primary consumer
c.secondary consumer
d.tertiary consumer
e.decomposer
A bear feeding on a salmon is functioning as this.

Question 61

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
Which trophic level in a food chain would it be most damaging to remove?

Question 62

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
Would you describe the water cycle as slow or rapid?

Question 63

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
a.nitrogen fixation
b.nitrification
c.denitrification
d.ammonification
How are bacteria the beginning and end of the nitrogen cycle?