Deck 44: Population Ecology

Question 1

There will be approximately ____ mice in four months in a population of 1,000 mice where 500 mice are born and 400 mice die monthly.

A) 1,060
B) 1,160
C) 1,260
D) 1,360
E) 1,460

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The effect of resource availability on population size determines

A) the carrying capacity of the environment.
B) exponential growth.
C) the doubling time of a population.
D) the population's biotic potential.
E) all of these.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The per capita growth rate (r) is ____ per mouse per month in a population of 1,000 mice where 500 mice are born and 400 mice die monthly.

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) 0.4
E) 0.5

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The number of individuals in a specified portion of habitat is the population's

A) distribution.
B) carrying capacity.
C) density.
D) size.
E) birth rate.

Question 5

Random dispersion of individuals in a population occurs when habitat conditions are ____, resource availability is ____, and individuals or pairs of individuals ____ one another.

A) random; scarce; either attract or avoid
B) clumped; fairly steady; neither attract nor avoid
C) nearly uniform; random; neither attract nor avoid
D) nearly uniform; fairly steady; neither attract nor avoid
E) clumped; scarce; either attract or avoid

Question 6

Zero population growth is achieved

A) when a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
B) when emigration and immigration are balanced, and the number of births equals the number of deaths.
C) anytime that births exceed deaths.
D) anytime that deaths exceed births.
E) when emigration and immigration are prevented.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a problem caused by Canada geese?

A) Their feces can cloud lakes.
B) Their feces contain harmful bacteria.
C) They can destroy lawns.
D) They can be dangerous to air traffic.
E) All of these.

Question 8

The animal in the above photograph was adversely affected by ____ and is making a comeback thanks to ____.

A) global cooling; heat producing chemical added to their diet
B) sexually transmitted viruses; a new vaccine
C) limited number of natural cavities; artificial nesting boxes
D) high incidence of males being born; transplantation of females from other areas
E) all of these

Question 9

Biotic potential is controlled by all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) the age of individuals within the population.
B) the resources available for each individual.
C) fecundity rate.
D) environmental disturbances.
E) all of these control biotic potential.

Question 10

The distribution of individuals in a school of fish is likely to be

A) clumped.
B) random.
C) uniform.
D) constant.
E) homogeneous.

Question 11

The distribution of animals and plants in competition for scarce resources is likely to be

A) clumped.
B) random.
C) near-uniform.
D) constant.
E) homogeneous.

Question 12

The distribution of social animals is likely to be

A) clumped.
B) random.
C) uniform.
D) constant.
E) homogeneous.

Question 13

Density-independent factors that limit population growth include

A) parasites.
B) temperature.
C) disease.
D) competition.
E) predation.

Question 14

Individuals in the population grouped according to levels of maturity define the population's

A) carrying capacity.
B) age structure.
C) density.
D) size.
E) birth rate.

Question 15

A population of wolf spiders exemplifies a ____ population distribution.

A) clumped
B) random
C) uniform
D) constant
E) homogeneous

Question 16

The distribution of strawberry plants in a strawberry field is

A) clumped.
B) random.
C) uniform.
D) constant.
E) homogeneous.

Question 17

What distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?

A) random
B) uniform
C) clumped
D) stratified or layered
E) homogeneous

Question 18

When the birth rate plus immigration equals the death rate plus emigration the result is

A) logistic growth.
B) exponential growth.
C) population saturation.
D) zero population growth.
E) geometric growth.

Question 19

Populations

A) are only limited by one factor at a time.
B) increase arithmetically.
C) may increase indefinitely.
D) are limited by the carrying capacity.
E) overcome limiting factors by increasing their biotic potential.

Question 20

Acts to protect Canadian geese were put into effect in the

A) 1700s.
B) 1800s.
C) early 1900s.
D) late 1900s.
E) 2000s.

Question 21

The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
A declining population is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 22

All EXCEPT which one of the following are the reasons for the rapid population explosion of humans?

A) increases in carrying capacity
B) expansion into new habitats
C) removal of limiting factors
D) reproduction occurring earlier in the life cycle
E) none of these

Question 23

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The population is in exponential growth at

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 24

China's population control policies have resulted in a(n)

A) sharp decrease in its total fertility rate.
B) shift in its gender ratio.
C) increase in the abortion of female fetuses.
D) ratio of 1.19 males for every female.
E) all of these.

Question 25

The Reznick and Endler guppy study showed that killifish and pike-cichlids raised in natural conditions will

A) affect the age at first reproduction of the guppies that live with them.
B) prey on guppies.
C) affect the growth rate of guppies.
D) affect the evolution of the guppies' life history traits.
E) do all of these.

Question 26

A study of a cohort of 1,000 animals showed a 90 percent death rate per individual in the first year, 10 percent the second year, and 5 percent the third year.This population's survivorship is

A) type I.
B) type II.
C) type III.
D) type I the first year and type II in years two and three.
E) type I the first year, type II the second year, and type III the third year.

Question 27

The work of Reznick and Endler with guppies shows all of the following EXCEPT that

A) life history traits can be inherited.
B) life history traits evolve.
C) life history traits can be altered over a short period of time.
D) predation does not influence the modification of life history traits.
E) life history traits are coded for in DNA.

Question 28

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response for each.
a.describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth
b.the birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward migration
c.the distribution of individuals at each age level in a population
d.for example, the amount of glucose in a culture flask containing bacteria
age structure

Question 29

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 30

Replacement-level fertility requires a total fertility rate of

A) 2.0
B) 2.1
C) 2.4
D) 2.6
E) 2.8

Question 31

The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
The age structure diagram for countries with a 2.1 total fertility rate is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 32

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response for each.
a.describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth
b.the birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward migration
c.the distribution of individuals at each age level in a population
d.for example, the amount of glucose in a culture flask containing bacteria
population growth rate

Question 33

The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
A population with zero growth is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 34

Organisms that demonstrate type I survivorship are characterized by

A) high r, small offspring.
B) low r, small offspring.
C) low r, large offspring.
D) high r, large offspring.
E) low r, large population size.

Question 35

Type II survivorship curves

A) are characteristic of humans and elephants.
B) indicate a fairly constant rate of death at all ages.
C) indicate a high mortality rate in the very young.
D) are characteristic of species in which most individuals live a relatively long life and die of old age.
E) are typical of species with high biotic potentials.

Question 36

The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
A rapidly growing population is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 37

It took more than 100,000 years for the human population to grow to one billion individuals and took about ____ years to add five billion more.

A) 200
B) 20,000
C) 100,000
D) 200,000
E) 500,000

Question 38

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth.
The effect of population growth limiting factors begin to become evident at about

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 39

A cohort is

A) a group of individuals of the same species born during the same time interval.
B) any member of the same species.
C) a group of individuals with the same parents.
D) a group of individuals of the same sex.
E) any group of closely related individuals.

Question 40

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response for each.
a.describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth
b.the birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward migration
c.the distribution of individuals at each age level in a population
d.for example, the amount of glucose in a culture flask containing bacteria
J-shaped curve

Question 41

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below, which are used by ecologists.
a.carrying capacity
b.net reproduction per individual per unit time
c.age structure
d.survivorship
e.growth rate
A change in the available food supply in a habitat will affect all of these except this.

Question 42

__________ can be used to estimate the population density for mobile animals.

Question 43

Is the average ecological footprint getting larger or smaller globally?

Question 44

In cases of __________ growth, a population's growth is proportional to its size.

Question 45

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below, which are used by ecologists.
a.carrying capacity
b.net reproduction per individual per unit time
c.age structure
d.survivorship
e.growth rate
The maximum number of individuals that a given habitat can support is this.

Question 46

At high population density, __________ is favored, investing more time and energy in fewer, higher quality offspring.

Question 47

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below, which are used by ecologists.
a.carrying capacity
b.net reproduction per individual per unit time
c.age structure
d.survivorship
e.growth rate
This is the birth rate minus the death rate times the population size assuming balanced immigration and emigration.

Question 48

A population of deer is sampled.25 deer are caught and tagged.Two months later, the researchers return and find that 4 of the 16 deer they observe have tags.This would suggest a total population size of what number? Explain your answer.

Question 49

With __________ growth, a small population starts growing slowly, then grows rapidly, and then levels off once __________ is reached.

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response for each.
a.describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth
b.the birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward migration
c.the distribution of individuals at each age level in a population
d.for example, the amount of glucose in a culture flask containing bacteria
limiting factor

Question 51

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below, which are used by ecologists.
a.carrying capacity
b.net reproduction per individual per unit time
c.age structure
d.survivorship
e.growth rate
This is the birth rate minus the death rate assuming they are constant.

Question 52

A population's __________ is the average number of children born to women during their reproductive years.

Question 53

Immigration and __________ permanently affect population size, but __________ does not.

Question 54

The dinosaurs are thought to have gone extinct due to an asteroid strike.How would this impact on population growth be described?

Question 55

The maximum possible rate of increase is a species' __________ potential.

Question 56

At low population density, __________ is favored, quickly producing as many offspring as possible.

Question 57

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below, which are used by ecologists.
a.carrying capacity
b.net reproduction per individual per unit time
c.age structure
d.survivorship
e.growth rate
The number of individuals in each of several age categories is this.

Question 58

Demographics include __________ and __________ structure, such as the size of the __________ base.

Question 59

Do humans exhibit r-selected or K-selected species patterns?