Deck 39: Digestion and Nutrition

Question 1

Helicobacter pylori has been associated with:

A) emphysema.
B) duodenal ulcers.
C) peptic ulcers.
D) lung cancer.
E) skin infections.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The second structure encountered in a biopsy of the stomach is the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) longitudinal muscle layer.
D) circular muscle layer.
E) serosa.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An artery is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called

A) canines.
B) premolars.
C) incisors.
D) molars.
E) none of these.

Question 5

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
High stomach acidity

A) creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion.
B) promotes emulsification of fats.
C) favors protein digestion.
D) blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers.
E) converts lipases into their active forms.

Question 6

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Moistening and lubrication of food occurs in the human

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) jejunum.

Question 7

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called

A) canines.
B) premolars.
C) incisors.
D) molars.
E) all of these.

Question 8

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.
E) colon.

Question 9

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the human digestive system?

A) salivary gland
B) esophagus
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder
E) liver

Question 10

Immediately after a meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood tends to increase due specifically to what digestive system task?

A) mechanical processing
B) secretion
C) digestion
D) absorption
E) elimination

Question 11

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Stomach motility

A) decreases following a heavy meal.
B) moves chime through the pyloric sphincter.
C) is unaffected by emotional state or external environmental factors.
D) may be retarded when stretch receptors on the stomach wall are activated.
E) is increased by hormones released in response to high stomach acidity.

Question 12

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The organ responsible for excretion of both urine and feces indicated by the letter"F" is called the

A) mouth.
B) crop.
C) gizzard.
D) secreting portion of stomach.
E) cloaca.

Question 13

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Which of the following are the largest projections of the small intestine surface?

A) microvilli
B) cilia
C) villi
D) brush borders.
E) duodena

Question 14

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Sphincters

A) are circular muscles.
B) prevent backflow.
C) are smooth muscles.
D) are found at the entrance and exit of the stomach.
E) include all of these.

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure designated by the letter "A" in the above figure is called

A) pyloric sphincter.
B) esophagus.
C) mucosa.
D) duodenum.
E) none of these.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about digestion in ruminants is false?

A) Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
B) Food materials are re-chewed.
C) Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
D) Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
E) Pronghorn antelopes and other herbivores have a single but disproportionately large stomach.

Question 17

Which of the following enzymes digests fats?

A) pepsin
B) catalase
C) amylase
D) lipase
E) trypsin

Question 18

Microvilli are indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 19

Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with:

A) stomach cancer.
B) irritable bowel syndrome.
C) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D) improved immune function.
E) increased vital capacity.

Question 20

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The grinding organ indicated by the letter "E" is called the

A) mouth.
B) crop.
C) gizzard.
D) secreting portion of stomach.
E) cloaca.

Question 21

Phytochemicals are

A) essential for survival.
B) produced in laboratories exclusively.
C) not essential but can prevent some disorders.
D) cofactors for cellulose degradation.
E) none of these.

Question 22

Human cells require ____ vitamins at a minimum.

A) 5
B) 8
C) 10
D) 13
E) 20

Question 23

Obese people have a greater risk of all of the following EXCEPT

A) type 1 diabetes.
B) colon cancer.
C) high blood pressure.
D) breast cancer.
E) heart disease.

Question 24

Bile

A) has no effect on digestion.
B) helps in the digestion of fats.
C) helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
D) helps in the digestion of proteins.
E) helps in the digestion of nucleic acids.

Question 25

Lipids can serve in all EXCEPT which of the following capacities?

A) enzymes
B) energy
C) membrane structure
D) insulation
E) source of glycerol

Question 26

Glucose is absorbed through the membranes of the small intestine primarily by

A) osmosis.
B) bulk flow.
C) transport proteins.
D) endocytosis.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 27

Body weight is related to

A) caloric intake.
B) energy utilization.
C) genes.
D) age and sex.
E) all of these.

Question 28

Which of the following layers lies next to the lumen of the intestinal tract?

A) longitudinal muscles
B) circular muscles
C) submucosa
D) mucosa
E) serosa

Question 29

Enzymes from the pancreas function in the

A) stomach.
B) colon.
C) small intestine.
D) mouth.
E) esophagus.

Question 30

Which organ takes glucose out of the blood and stores it as glycogen?

A) pancreas
B) spleen
C) liver
D) skin
E) kidney

Question 31

How many amino acids are considered to be essential because the human body cannot synthesize them?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10
E) 12

Question 32

Which vitamin functions in forming blood clots?

A) A
B) E
C) K
D) B
E) none of these

Question 33

The digestion of fats occurs mostly in the

A) stomach.
B) pancreas.
C) small intestine.
D) lymph vascular system.
E) liver.

Question 34

The primary function of the large intestine is

A) formation of feces.
B) retention of water.
C) manufacture of vitamin K.
D) digestion of fats.
E) absorption of water.

Question 35

Phytochemicals in low quantities in a person's diet may lead to

A) high blood pressure.
B) increased incidence of athletes foot.
C) macular degeneration.
D) halitosis.
E) none of these.

Question 36

Constipation can be caused by

A) emotional stress.
B) a low-fiber diet.
C) a sedentary lifestyle.
D) dehydration.
E) all of these.

Question 37

The liver is associated with all EXCEPT which of the following functions?

A) formation of urea
B) formation of bile
C) detoxification of poisons
D) secretion of bicarbonate ions
E) hormone inactivation

Question 38

Which of the following substances is found in the least amount in the small intestine?

A) HCI
B) fats
C) monoglycerides
D) amino acids
E) sugars

Question 39

The greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) colon.
D) pancreas.
E) esophagus.

Question 40

The ideal diet consists of all EXCEPT which of the following?

A) bulk
B) few carbohydrates
C) little salt and refined sugar
D) little red meat
E) fish, poultry, and legumes

Question 41

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
trypsin

Question 42

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
amylase

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
mucosa

Question 44

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
serosa

Question 45

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
bile

Question 46

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
bolus

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
segmentation

Question 48

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
ruminants

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.stomach
b.gallbladder
c.small intestine
d.appendix
e.large intestine
Short tubular projection of the large intestine.

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
bile salts

Question 51

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
gastrin

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
cholecystokinin

Question 53

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
lipase

Question 54

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
monosaccharides

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
chyme

Question 56

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
sphincter

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b.stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c.thin, outermost layer of stomach
d.a softened ball of food particles
e.emulsify fat globules
f.have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g.innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h.gastric inhibitory peptide
i.stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j.
a mixture of food particles in the stomach
secretin

Question 58

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
amino- and carboxypeptidase

Question 59

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
disaccharidase

Question 60

Matching.Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a.made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b.glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c.made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d.made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e.made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f.made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g.contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h.made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i.stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j.
circular muscle acts like valve
pepsin

Question 61

esophagus

Question 62

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B₁
b.Vitamin B₂
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B₆
e.Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from meats, spinach, and tomatoes.

Question 63

liver

Question 64

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.stomach
b.gallbladder
c.small intestine
d.appendix
e.large intestine
Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and lecithin are stored by this organ.

Question 65

stomach

Question 66

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.salivary glands
b.stomach mucosa
c.intestinal mucosa
d.pancreas
The fat-digesting enzyme, lipase, is formed there.

Question 67

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B₁
b.Vitamin B₂
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B₆
e.Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin functions in connective tissue formation.

Question 68

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B₁
b.Vitamin B₂
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B₆
e.Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes pernicious anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in synthesizing DNA.

Question 69

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.salivary glands
b.stomach mucosa
c.intestinal mucosa
d.pancreas
The enzyme carboxypeptidase is produced there.

Question 70

small intestine

Question 71

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.stomach
b.gallbladder
c.small intestine
d.appendix
e.large intestine
This organ absorbs about 95 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as fluids or as part of food being eaten.

Question 72

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B₁
b.Vitamin B₂
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B₆
e.Vitamin B₁₂
This vitamin functions in coenzyme NAD+ action.

Question 73

oral cavity

Question 74

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.
a.Vitamin B₁
b.Vitamin B₂
c.Niacin
d.Vitamin B₆
e.Vitamin B₁₂
A deficiency of this vitamin causes pellagra.

Question 75

salivary glands

Question 76

pharynx

Question 77

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.salivary glands
b.stomach mucosa
c.intestinal mucosa
d.pancreas
The enzyme pepsin is produced there.

Question 78

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.stomach
b.gallbladder
c.small intestine
d.appendix
e.large intestine
Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.

Question 79

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.salivary glands
b.stomach mucosa
c.intestinal mucosa
d.pancreas
The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.

Question 80

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a.stomach
b.gallbladder
c.small intestine
d.appendix
e.large intestine
The digestion of cellulose occurs in this part of the digestive system of the pronghorn antelope.