Deck 35: Structural Support and Movement

Question 1

Bully whippets are unable to synthesize:

A) testosterone.
B) growth hormone.
C) estrogen.
D) progesterone.
E) myostatin.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is dense connective tissue that joins two bones?

A) sutures
B) ligaments
C) muscles
D) tendons
E) fascia

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is properly matched?

A) osteoblasts; bone breakdown
B) osteocytes; initial bone formation
C) osteoclasts; initial bone formation
D) osteoclasts; bone breakdown
E) osteoblasts; imprisoned in bony matrix

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
When calcium levels rise, the ____ secrete(s) ____, which ____ osteoclast activity.

A) parathyroids; calcitonin; suppresses
B) thyroid; calcitonin; suppresses
C) thyroid; calcitonin; enhances
D) thyroid; PTH; suppresses
E) parathyroids; PTH; enhances

Question 5

The organism in the above photograph has which of the following structural systems?

A) cartilaginous
B) bone
C) hydrostatic
D) chitinous
E) none of these

Question 6

Osteoclasts function in bone remodeling to

A) free mineral ions.
B) stimulate blood cell formation.
C) accelerate bone repair.
D) lay down a bony matrix.
E) do all of these.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Joints are areas of connection between two

A) bendable regions of the skeleton.
B) bones.
C) glands.
D) cartilage regions.
E) of none of these.

Question 8

Which of the following are NOT components of the appendicular skeleton?

A) arm bones
B) collarbones
C) finger bones
D) ribs
E) leg bones

Question 9

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Which joints are likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?

A) fingers
B) knees
C) hips
D) backbone
E) all of these

Question 10

The following questions refer to the figure above of a human femur.
The nutrient canal is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Spongy bone is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 12

All of the following have exoskeletons EXCEPT

A) lobsters.
B) spiders.
C) insects.
D) earthworms.
E) centipedes.

Question 13

Spiders use high blood pressure for all of the following EXCEPT to

A) oppose the contraction of their leg muscles.
B) extend their hind legs outward.
C) assist in jumping.
D) pump blood into body tissues.
E) compensate for their lack of opposing leg muscles.

Question 14

The organism in the above photograph has which of the following structural systems?

A) cartilaginous
B) bone
C) hydrostatic
D) chitinous
E) endoskeletal

Question 15

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Which of the following is an example of a fibrous joint?

A) skull plates
B) humerus to the scapula
C) leg bone connected to the hip bone
D) teeth connected to the jaw
E) all of these

Question 16

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

A) skull plates
B) humerus to the scapula
C) leg bone connected to the hip bone
D) teeth connected to the jaw
E) two vertebrae together

Question 17

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Compact bone tissue is located in the area indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 18

The axial skeleton includes all EXCEPT which of the following?

A) skull
B) ribs
C) pectoral girdle
D) sternum
E) vertebral column

Question 19

The following questions refer to the figure above of a human femur.
Compact bone is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 20

In comparison to women, men make much more:

A) testosterone.
B) growth hormone.
C) myostatin.
D) estrogen.
E) all of these except estrogen.

Question 21

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.metatarsal
e.metacarpal
This bone is easily broken.

Question 22

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents

A) actin.
B) myofibril.
C) myosin.
D) myofilament.
E) muscle fiber.

Question 23

Which of the following is(are) true concerning strength training?

A) causes muscle fibers to thicken
B) promotes synthesis of actin and myosin
C) produces muscle fibers with little endurance
D) produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
E) all of these occur

Question 24

The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents

A) actin.
B) myofibril.
C) myosin.
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
E) muscle fiber.

Question 25

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Muscle cells are not typical cells because

A) groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers.
B) they contain actin proteins.
C) they contain myosin proteins.
D) they respond to stimuli.
E) all of these are true.

Question 26

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers under its control is a ____ unit.

A) neuromuscular
B) movement
C) muscle
D) motor
E) coordination

Question 27

During moderate but prolonged exercise, most of the energy for contraction is supplied by

A) creatine phosphate.
B) aerobic respiration.
C) anaerobic respiration.
D) fermentation.
E) glycolysis.

Question 28

Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present.

A) ATP
B) ADP
C) calcium
D) phosphorus
E) sodium

Question 29

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disrupts muscle contraction by

A) binding actin.
B) blocking myofibril.
C) killing motor neurons.
D) weakening myofilaments.
E) none of these.

Question 30

During muscle contractions,

A) the sarcomeres shorten.
B) the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments.
C) the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during contraction and away on relaxation.
D) the muscle fibers thicken.
E) all of these occur.

Question 31

Which of the following includes all the others?

A) actin
B) myofibril
C) myosin
D) myofilament
E) muscle fiber

Question 32

Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the

A) plasma membrane.
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) cytoskeletal system.
D) T tubules.
E) endomembrane system.

Question 33

The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
The human body has close to ____ muscles.

A) 100
B) 206
C) 300
D) 500
E) 700

Question 34

Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise?

A) ATP accumulation
B) actin depletion
C) lactate formation
D) glycogen buildup
E) creatine phosphate formation

Question 35

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents

A) actin.
B) myofibril.
C) myosin.
D) myofilament.
E) muscle fiber.

Question 36

Breaking actin-myosin bonds requires

A) ATP.
B) ADP.
C) calcium.
D) phosphorus.
E) sodium.

Question 37

Action potentials in muscle fibers cause

A) the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release ATP.
B) the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium.
C) myosin-actin bonds to break.
D) the energizing of myosin molecules.
E) all of these to occur.

Question 38

When a sarcomere is at rest, the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by

A) calcium.
B) troponin.
C) tropomyosin.
D) the myosin heads.
E) ADP.

Question 39

Which of the following is(are) true concerning tetanus?

A) The pathogen spreads through the air.
B) The pathogen is ingested through tainted canned food.
C) The pathogen is a virus.
D) A toxin blocks the release of GABA.
E) All of these are true.

Question 40

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.metatarsal
e.metacarpal
This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.

Question 41

indicates an actin filament.

Question 42

indicates the H zone.

Question 43

Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a.pectoralis major
b.trapezius
c.quadriceps femoris
d.triceps
e.gastrocnemius
The Achilles tendon attaches this muscle to the heel bones.

Question 44

Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a.pectoralis major
b.trapezius
c.quadriceps femoris
d.triceps
e.gastrocnemius
This muscle is located on the upper shoulder.

Question 45

is where tropomyosin is located.

Question 46

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.metatarsal
e.metacarpal
This bone connects to the femur.

Question 47

includes both sides of the Z band.

Question 48

contains bonding sites that are indirectly activated by calcium ions.

Question 49

Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a.pectoralis major
b.trapezius
c.quadriceps femoris
d.triceps
e.gastrocnemius
This is a major muscle in the chest.

Question 50

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.metatarsal
e.metacarpal
This is a toe bone.

Question 51

indicates a myosin filament.

Question 52

Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a.pectoralis major
b.trapezius
c.quadriceps femoris
d.triceps
e.gastrocnemius
This is a principal muscle of the anterior upper leg.

Question 53

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.metatarsal
e.metacarpal
A ruptured disk is next to this bone.

Question 54

is a region where there are only myosin molecules.

Question 55

is where calcium ions have their effect.

Question 56

is where troponin is located.

Question 57

A __________ is a confined fluid upon which muscle contractions act.

Question 58

Classification.Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.
a.pectoralis major
b.trapezius
c.quadriceps femoris
d.triceps
e.gastrocnemius
This muscle opposes the biceps.

Question 59

indicates an I band.

Question 60

is where actin filaments exist without myosin filaments overlapping.

Question 61

The prospect of inhibiting myostatin and growing larger muscles may be tempting to a great many people.Is there any danger to increasing muscle mass?

Question 62

The __________ consists of skull bones, a vertebral column (backbone), and a rib cage.

Question 63

The __________ is the pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, and paired limbs.

Question 64

An __________ consists of hardened parts inside the body.

Question 65

When a person dies, the body often experiences rigor mortis.In this condition, it is as if the muscles have become inflexible and it is very difficult to manipulate the joints.Why does this occur?

Question 66

__________ are cells that synthesize bone, whereas __________ break bone down.

Question 67

An __________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.

Question 68

The spinal cord runs through the vertebral column and connects with the brain through the __________.

Question 69

Some bones have __________ that makes blood cells.

Question 70

In the absence of a nerve connection or electrical stimulation, can a muscle cell be made to contract in a laboratory setting?

Question 71

Why is back pain so common in humans?

Question 72

Signals from motor neurons result in action potentials in muscle fibers, which in turn causes the __________ to release stored calcium ions.