Deck 38: Respiration

Question 1

Human vocal cords are located in the

A) glottis.
B) pharynx.
C) trachea.
D) larynx.
E) bronchus.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Continued exposure to carbon monoxide can cause

A) coma.
B) cardiac arrest.
C) seizures.
D) death.
E) all of these

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of carbon monoxide?

A) it is a gas.
B) it is in automobile exhaust.
C) it is harmless.
D) it is odorless.
E) it is in cigarette smoke.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the proper sequence in the flow of air in mammals?

A) nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea
B) nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea
C) nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
D) nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
E) nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

Question 5

Humans produce sounds by controlling the vibration of vocal cords as air passes through the

A) pharynx.
B) glottis.
C) epiglottis.
D) pleura.
E) trachea.

Question 6

In the respiration of terrestrial animals, "ventilation" refers to

A) the bulk movement of air in and out of the organism.
B) the diffusion of gases across a membrane.
C) the diffusion of gases in and out of blood cells.
D) the transport of gases to and from body cells.
E) all of these.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the figure above showing a fish gill filament.
Which of the following is(are) characteristic of some amphibians?

A) gills
B) exchange of some gases occurs across their skin.
C) lungs for oxygen uptake
D) skin for carbon dioxide removal
E) all of these

Question 8

Countercurrent flow in the respiratory systems of fish is a mechanism that accounts for

A) oxygen uptake by blood capillaries in the gills.
B) ventilation across fish gills.
C) the transport of blood from the gills to the fish's heart.
D) the transport of blood from the heart to the fish's main body mass.
E) the flow of blood in gills as opposed to the flow of blood in the main body mass of fish.

Question 9

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

A) exocytosis and endocytosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) simple diffusion.
E) active transport.

Question 10

The letter B" in the above figure represents its

A) shell.
B) mantle.
C) gills.
D) siphon.
E) none of these.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding insect tracheal systems?

A) They are associated with the blood circulatory system.
B) They excrete body wastes as well as transport gases.
C) They depend on the opening and closing of spiracles.
D) The tracheal tubes are continually open in large terrestrial insects.
E) They contain respiratory pigments to enhance oxygen transport.

Question 12

Air is continuously forced through tubes that thread through vascularized tissue in a pair of inelastic lungs in

A) some fish.
B) amphibians.
C) birds.
D) reptiles.
E) some small mammals.

Question 13

The figure listed above is known as

A) a book lung.
B) a tracheal system.
C) gills.
D) a lung micrograph.
E) none of these.

Question 14

Which of the following is false regarding hemoglobin?

A) It is a protein.
B) It contains iron.
C) It has the same function in mollusks, annelids, and some crustaceans as it has in humans.
D) Clams, like humans, carry hemoglobin in red blood cells.
E) It is comparable in function to hemocyanin.

Question 15

The exchange of gases in the human lungs occurs through the

A) bronchi.
B) alveoli.
C) bronchioles.
D) tracheas.
E) glottis.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the figure above showing a fish gill filament.
The least oxygenated water is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 17

The following questions refer to the figure above showing a fish gill filament.
A respiratory surface is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 18

The last structure that air moves through in mammals before entering the alveoli is(are) the

A) larynx.
B) bronchi.
C) bronchioles.
D) trachea.
E) pharynx.

Question 19

The ____ prevents food and fluids from entering the ____.

A) epiglottis; larynx
B) pharynx; larynx
C) epiglottis; esophagus
D) pharynx; trachea
E) larynx; pharynx

Question 20

The following questions refer to the figure above showing a fish gill filament.
Paired lungs are characteristic of

A) some fishes.
B) all amphibians.
C) all birds.
D) all mammals.
E) all of these.

Question 21

The vital capacity is indicated by

A) A + D.
B) A + D + E.
C) C + E.
D) A + B + C + D.
E) A + C + D.

Question 22

At what partial pressure of oxygen do half the heme groups in human blood have oxygen bound?

A) 30 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
E) all of these

Question 23

Globally, cigarette smoking kills four million people annually.That number is expected to increase to ____ million by 2030.

A) 10
B) 50
C) 100
D) 150
E) 250

Question 24

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
diaphragm

Question 25

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs

A) in gaseous form.
B) in blood plasma.
C) as carbaminohemoglobin.
D) as bicarbonate ions.
E) as carbonic acid.

Question 26

Deep-diving animals accomplish their dives through all of the following means EXCEPT by

A) redirecting blood flow.
B) conserving energy by gliding rather than swimming.
C) relying primarily on anaerobic respiration during deep dives.
D) binding oxygen to myoglobin and hemoglobin.
E) assuring that the brain has an uninterrupted supply of ATP.

Question 27

____ is always ____, while ____ may be ____.

A) Exhalation; passive; inhalation; active
B) Inhalation; active; exhalation; passive
C) Inhalation; passive; exhalation; active
D) Exhalation; active; inhalation; passive
E) Exhalation; active; inhalation; active

Question 28

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
What is the partial pressure of oxygen at the start of the systemic capillary beds?

A) 40 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
E) all of these

Question 29

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
bronchi

Question 30

Altitude sickness

A) results from hypoxia.
B) is characterized by hyperventilation.
C) is characterized by nausea.
D) is characterized by an accelerated heart rate.
E) includes all of these.

Question 31

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
epiglottis

Question 32

Cancer(s) of which of the following is(are) associated with chronic smoking?

A) larynx
B) esophagus
C) pancreas
D) bladder
E) all of these

Question 33

Which of the following is a common cause of interrupted breathing?

A) sleep apnea
B) lung cancer
C) high altitude sickness
D) low red blood cell count
E) none of these

Question 34

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
alveoli

Question 35

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

A) because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.
B) mainly due to the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells.
C) because of its attraction to hemoglobin.
D) to counter the high concentration of CO₂ in the blood.
E) because of all of these.

Question 36

Oxyhemoglobin tends to give up oxygen where

A) the pH is low.
B) the tissues are warmer.
C) the partial pressure of O₂ is low.
D) the partial pressure of CO₂ is high.
E) all of these occur.

Question 37

Which of the following is a cause of apnea?

A) a tumor in the brain near the medulla oblongata
B) lung cancer
C) high altitude sickness
D) low red blood cell count
E) none of these

Question 38

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Ventilation by an individual exercising strenuously is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 39

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Ventilation by a relaxed individual is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 40

"Rapture of the deep" is caused by excessive ____ in the interstitial fluid.

A) O₂
B) H₂O
C) CO₂
D) CO
E) N₂

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
medulla oblongata

Question 42

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
ventilation

Question 43

lung

Question 44

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
Air moves from the nasal cavity into this passageway.

Question 45

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
This is the last component of the human lung that air flows into.

Question 46

intercostal muscles

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
pharynx

Question 48

nasal cavity

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood circulatory system occurs here.

Question 50

larynx

Question 51

bronchial tree

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
oxyhemoglobin

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
Spent air moves from the bronchial tubes to this component.

Question 54

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a.pharynx
b.larynx
c.trachea
d.bronchiole
e.alveolus
The voice box is located here.

Question 55

diaphragm

Question 56

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
larynx

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
trachea

Question 58

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
pleural sac

Question 59

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b.surrounds each lung
c.oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d.contains two true vocal cords
e.alter chest cavity volume
f.part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g.throat passage behind the mouth
h.inhalation and exhalation
i.connect trachea to lungs
j.
flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the larynx during swallowing
k.contraction increases thoracic volume
l.
microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
rib muscles

Question 60

pleural membrane

Question 61

trachea

Question 62

Why would athletes in aerobic sports benefit by training at high altitude?

Question 63

Water flowing over fish gills exchanges gases with blood flowing in the opposite direction inside gill capillaries.This is called__________.

Question 64

A flap of tissue called the __________ directs air through the __________, the opening to the __________ (windpipe).

Question 65

Which of the following have the most efficient lungs: amphibians, mammals or birds? Explain your answer.

Question 66

Most CO₂ reacts with water inside red blood cells to form bicarbonate, due to the activity of __________.

Question 67

__________ is normally far less than __________.

Question 68

Respiratory proteins such as __________ in red blood cells and __________ in muscle bind oxygen and help maintain gradients that favor gas exchange.

Question 69

Chart the path of air from the atmosphere to the blood.

Question 70

oral cavity

Question 71

pharynx

Question 72

Invertebrates on land use __________ or __________ systems for gas exchange.

Question 73

Respiration is a physiological process by which O₂ enters the internal environment and CO₂ leaves by diffusing across a __________.

Question 74

If a person is choking, the __________ maneuver can be used to expel food from their trachea.

Question 75

Contractions of the dome-shaped __________ and the intercostal muscles between the ribs alter the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing.

Question 76

Which respiratory volume would emphysema have the greatest impact on?

Question 77

epiglottis

Question 78

Some invertebrates do not have special respiratory organs and rely on __________ exchange, diffusion of gases across the body surface.