Deck 28: Plant Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
All of the following statements are true concerning mycorrhizae EXCEPT that

A) the fungus may penetrate into root cells.
B) mycorrhizae increase the surface area for absorption.
C) roots obtain minerals from the fungus.
D) the fungus provides the plant with nitrogen-rich compounds.
E) it is a mutualistic symbiosis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT describe the Casparian strip?

A) waxy
B) component of the endodermis
C) permeable
D) barrier
E) waterproof

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Humus includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) feces.
B) dead organisms.
C) leaf litter.
D) weathered rock.
E) decomposing organic matter.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Which of the following contribute to both leaching and soil erosion?

A) strong winds
B) mineral composition of soil
C) moving water
D) climate
E) none of these

Question 5

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert ____ to ____.

A) gaseous nitrogen; ammonia
B) ammonia; gaseous nitrogen
C) gaseous nitrogen; nitrates
D) gaseous nitrogen; nitrites
E) ammonia; nitrates

Question 6

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Which soil horizon is composed of organic litter?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Alpine pennycress plants remove zinc and cadmium from the soil and store them away in their

A) chloroplasts.
B) amyloplasts.
C) central vacuoles.
D) Golgi bodies.
E) vesicles.

Question 8

The above figure is a photograph of

A) a plant with root nodules.
B) mycorrhizae.
C) root hairs.
D) a demonstration of the effect of mutualistic Rhizobium.
E) a microscopic view of a nodule forming around area where the bacterium infect.

Question 9

The Army and the Environmental Protection Agency are decreasing the contamination at the Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds by

A) removing contaminated soil.
B) planting hybrid poplar trees.
C) chemically degrading the contaminants.
D) covering the contaminated soil with a sealant.
E) doing none of these.

Question 10

Water tension in a transpiring plant

A) is exerted on a continuous column of water throughout the plant.
B) is the result of the hydrogen bonding of water molecules.
C) results in negative pressure in the xylem.
D) exerts a pull on water molecules from leaves to roots.
E) fits all of these descriptions.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Chlorosis, stunted growth with yellowing and death of young leaves, is caused by a deficiency of

A) nitrogen.
B) zinc.
C) magnesium.
D) iron.
E) any of these.

Question 12

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Which soil horizon has no organic matter or weathered rock?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Which of the following is true concerning root nodules?

A) They may kill a plant.
B) They are produced by a fungus.
C) They remove nitrogen compounds from the plant.
D) They convert the harmful ammonia that plant cells produce into gaseous nitrogen.
E) None of these are true.

Question 14

The Casparian strip is associated with the

A) epidermis.
B) vascular tissue.
C) cortex.
D) root hairs.
E) endodermis.

Question 15

Loams are soils with the best water and oxygen penetration because they have

A) a high proportion of sand.
B) a high proportion of silt.
C) a high proportion of clay.
D) high proportions of sand and silt and a low proportion of clay.
E) equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons.NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons.
Leaching is caused by

A) bacterial action.
B) wind.
C) water.
D) microbial activity.
E) none of these.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Xylem vessels are similar to drinking straws.
B) The transport of water in xylem is due to positive pressure generated by the root.
C) Water evaporates mainly through stomata.
D) Water is drawn up to the top of a tree by the pull of transpiration.
E) Plants absorb the majority of needed elements from water and soil.

Question 18

Organisms that are used to decontaminate soils may

A) store the contaminants in their tissues.
B) release pollutants into the air.
C) degrade the pollutants.
D) be any plant species.
E) store the contaminants in their tissues, release pollutants into the air, and degrade the pollutants.

Question 19

Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?

A) pressure flow
B) evaporation-condensation
C) cohesion-tension
D) osmotic pressure
E) bulk flow

Question 20

Most of the water moving through a plant is lost through

A) osmotic gradients in the soil.
B) evaporation.
C) pressure flow forces in the xylem.
D) photolysis.
E) photosynthesis.

Question 21

Which of the following processes does NOT serve to maintain low pressure at the receiving end of sieve tube pipelines?

A) sucrose conversion into cell-wall polysaccharides
B) sucrose conversion into starch in the receiving regions
C) sucrose conversion to glucose, which is then used in cellular respiration
D) activity of companion cells
E) conversion of sucrose to fructose in fruits

Question 22

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating transport in phloem.
Bulk flow of organic compounds is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 23

An opening in leaves that functions in the exchange of gases is called a

A) cuticle.
B) stoma.
C) guard cell.
D) pit.
E) pore.

Question 24

Sieve tubes are different from vessel members because they

A) do not have nuclei.
B) are not connected to each other.
C) are alive at maturity.
D) conduct minerals.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 25

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
mycorrhiza

Question 26

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating transport in phloem.
____ can indicate a fruit or developing root cells.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 27

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
companion cells

Question 28

All of the following statements are true concerning phloem tissue EXCEPT that

A) it transports plant-manufactured products.
B) it stores organic compounds.
C) it is composed of living cells.
D) only some of its cells have nuclei.
E) it does not transport minerals.

Question 29

Carbohydrates converted to ____ are ____ in plants.

A) cellulose; stored
B) starch; stored
C) starch; transported
D) fats; stored
E) glucose; transported

Question 30

Which of the following are never sink regions for the pressure-flow translocation of organic compounds?

A) growing leaves
B) seeds
C) fruits
D) roots
E) mature photosynthesizing leaves

Question 31

Which of the following factors influence the opening and closing of the stomata?

A) rate of photosynthesis
B) water availability
C) concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf
D) light intensity
E) all of these

Question 32

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
legumes

Question 33

The cuticle

A) conserves water.
B) reduces absorption of carbon dioxide by the plant.
C) relegates transpiration to the stomata.
D) helps prevent wilting.
E) does all of these.

Question 34

Movement of soluble organic material through sieve tube members occurs through

A) translocation.
B) active transport.
C) cohesion-tension.
D) transpiration.
E) facilitated transport.

Question 35

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
Casparian strip

Question 36

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating transport in phloem.
Companion cell assisted loading of organic compounds is indicated at

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 37

Guard cells

A) surround the stoma.
B) control the flow of gases between the interior of a leaf and the atmosphere.
C) become turgid when it becomes light if environmental conditions are not too hot or too dry.
D) may absorb water from surrounding epidermal cells.
E) do all of these.

Question 38

The generally accepted explanation for the movement of organic compounds in phloem is

A) the cohesion-tension theory.
B) the pressure flow theory.
C) active transport.
D) the transpiration-pull theory.
E) root pressure.

Question 39

The movement of organic compounds in phloem is described as

A) sink-to-source.
B) pressure flow.
C) cohesion-tension.
D) active transport.
E) transpiration pull.

Question 40

The stomata

A) open at night in most plants.
B) are open when the guard cells are swollen with water.
C) close when water moves into the guard cells.
D) are covered by the cuticle to reduce water loss.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
sieve tube members

Question 42

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
Deficiency of this nutrient results in leaves with dark veins, but leaves whiten and fall off.

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
transpiration

Question 44

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
Deficiency of this nutrient results in chlorosis and yellow, green striping in leaves of grasses.

Question 45

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
translocation

Question 46

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
stylet

Question 47

Nitrogen __________ by bacteria in root __________ gives a plant extra nitrogen.

Question 48

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
This nutrient plays an important role in cell wall stability.

Question 49

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
guard cells

Question 50

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.calcium
d.magnesium
e.phosphorus
This nutrient is an important part of the backbone structure of DNA.

Question 51

Plant growth requires steady sources of water and nutrients obtainable from __________ and soil.

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
tracheids and vessels

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.calcium
d.magnesium
e.phosphorus
This nutrient helps to maintain turgor pressure.

Question 54

__________ are soils that have roughly equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.

Question 55

__________ are symbionts with young roots that enhance a plant's ability to absorb mineral ions from soil.

Question 56

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.calcium
d.magnesium
e.phosphorus
This nutrient is an extremely important part of ATP.

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a.responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b.mouthpart of an aphid
c.pipelines of the xylem
d.a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e.structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f.pipelines of the phloem
g.evaporation from stems and leaves
h.actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i.eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
j.
transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k.a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
nodules

Question 58

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
Deficiency of this nutrient results in chlorosis, dead spots in leaves, and stunted growth

Question 59

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant macronutrients listed below.
a.nitrogen
b.potassium
c.calcium
d.magnesium
e.phosphorus
This nutrient is essential to formation of chlorophyll and acts as a cofactor for many enzymes.

Question 60

Classification.Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
This nutrient is a component of many proteins, including auxin receptors.

Question 61

A layer of endodermal cells around the cylinder deposit a waterproof band called a __________ in their abutting walls.

Question 62

__________ is the evaporation of water from plant parts, mainly at stomata, into air.

Question 63

By a __________, transpiration pulls water upward by creating a continuous negative pressure (or tension) inside xylem from leaves to roots.

Question 64

Would a calcium deficiency be more likely to cause excess water loss or a carbon dioxide shortage for a plant (hint: think of the stoma)?

Question 65

Why do plant roots populate the A horizon most heavily?

Question 66

What is the role of the endodermis in nutrient absorption?

Question 67

What manner of symbiosis is a root nodule? Explain.

Question 68

Organic compounds become distributed through a plant by __________.