Deck 30: Communication Strategies in Plants

Question 1

Which of the following do the Kuna suffer very little from?

A) Hypertension.
B) Yellow fever.
C) Malaria.
D) Dengue fever.
E) They suffer little from any of these.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which plant hormone has mostly inhibitory effects?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Perhaps a plant's greatest liability is its inability to

A) produce growth hormones.
B) use aerobic respiration.
C) move when conditions around it deteriorate.
D) produce its own lipids and proteins.
E) respond to dwindling supplies of nutrients and water.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is found in cocoa?

A) Epicatechin.
B) Caffeine.
C) Resveratrol.
D) Curcumin.
E) Nicotine.

Question 5

Gibberellins have their most dramatic effects

A) on leaves.
B) in promoting abscission.
C) on fruit ripening.
D) on stem lengthening.
E) on flowers.

Question 6

Which of the following matches of plant hormone to agricultural application is INCORRECT?

A) abscisic acid; becomes active when crops are subjected to drought
B) ethylene; permits unripe fruit to be shipped without damage for later ripening at distribution centers
C) synthetic auxins; stimulates corn stalks to elongate
D) cytokinins; induces apples to ripen
E) gibberellins; stimulates roses to bloom

Question 7

The plant hormone that promotes dormancy in some plants and seeds is

A) abscisic acid.
B) auxin.
C) gibberellin.
D) ethylene.
E) none of these.

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of plant hormones?

A) They often impact gene expression.
B) They may be synergistic or oppositional.
C) .
D) They move by passive diffusion.
E) They are impacted by feedback loops.

Question 9

The primary root of a seedling grows down

A) to avoid light.
B) in response to gravity.
C) because the cells on the upper surface of the root elongate more rapidly than those on the lower surface of the root.
D) in response to different concentrations of auxin.
E) because of all of these except "to avoid light."

Question 10

Auxin concentration gradients

A) appear once germination begins.
B) promote the transcription of an enzyme that breaks down cytokinin.
C) allow formation of plant parts in expected patterns.
D) help young cells elongate so that shoots and roots lengthen.
E) are described by all of these EXCEPT "appear once germination begins."

Question 11

The polar transport of auxin in a plant

A) creates an uneven distribution of the hormone.
B) uses active membrane transporters to move auxin in and out of cells.
C) uses membrane pumps to move hydrogen ions out of the cytoplasm into the primary cell wall.
D) activates enzymes that loosen cross-links between cellulose microfibrils.
E) does all of these.

Question 12

The gaseous plant hormone is

A) auxin.
B) gibberellin.
C) cytokinin.
D) abscisic acid.
E) ethylene.

Question 13

Which of the following is false about plant hormones?

A) They bind to receptors on target cells.
B) Their mechanism of action is completely different from that of animal hormones.
C) Signal transduction may influence a metabolic pathway.
D) The plant response may depend on a change in gene expression.
E) Their effect can be synergistic or antagonistic.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an environmental cue for plants?

A) Length of night.
B) Temperature.
C) Earth's magnetic field.
D) Presence of pathogens.
E) Gravity.

Question 15

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) cytokinin; inhibits lateral root formation
B) auxin; promotes cell elongation
C) gibberellin; involved in phototropism and gravitropism
D) abscisic acid; promotes stomatal closure
E) ethylene; promotes leaf abscission

Question 16

Synthetic auxins are used as

A) pesticides.
B) herbicides.
C) fungicides.
D) insecticides.
E) all of these.

Question 17

The plant hormone that promotes cell division in roots and shoots is

A) auxin.
B) gibberellin.
C) cytokinin.
D) abscisic acid.
E) ethylene.

Question 18

Auxins are secreted by

A) most tissues undergoing ripening.
B) apical meristems of shoots.
C) vascular tissues of stems and leaves.
D) root caps.
E) root cells in response to water stress.

Question 19

Root formation in stem cuttings can be improved by the application of

A) synthetic auxins.
B) abscisic acid.
C) salicylic acid.
D) citric acid.
E) nitric acid.

Question 20

The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is

A) auxin.
B) gibberellin.
C) cytokinin.
D) abscisic acid.
E) ethylene.

Question 21

Rhythms that are repeated every 24 hours are

A) sleep movements.
B) tropisms.
C) physiological requirements.
D) circadian rhythms.
E) biological clocks.

Question 22

Plants cannot ____ in the dark.

A) grow
B) respire
C) move
D) utilize chlorophyll
E) sense light

Question 23

Which plant hormone listed below is responsible for the symbiotic relationship shown in the above figure?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) jasmonic acid
E) abscisic acid

Question 24

Photoperiodism is the

A) duration of flowering in a plant.
B) amount of light needed by a plant to exhibit normal growth.
C) response of a plant to the duration of light and darkness.
D) light phase of photosynthesis during which photolysis of water occurs.
E) opposite of photorespiration.

Question 25

Downward bending of a seedling root can be blocked by

A) moving it to a dark room.
B) auxin transporters.
C) auxin transport inhibitors.
D) mutations in genes that code for auxin transport proteins.
E) auxin transport inhibition and mutations in genes that code for auxin transport proteins.

Question 26

Which is(are) the principal substance(s) that regulate(s) thigmotropism?

A) auxin and ethylene
B) gibberellin and ethylene
C) abscisic acid and auxin
D) cytokinin and abscisic acid
E) none of these

Question 27

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
abscisic acid

Question 28

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The effect of red light on phytochrome is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 29

Short-day plants

A) flower in early spring.
B) will not bloom until they have been exposed to a dark period longer than a critical length.
C) flower in the fall.
D) will not bloom if their dark period is interrupted by a short pulse of intense red light.
E) do all of these.

Question 30

Even though the autumn may be unusually warm, the leaves from deciduous trees begin to drop during September.Which of the following is the best explanation?

A) The trees are responding to shorter days.
B) The autumn months are usually drier because the summer rains have tapered off.
C) The effects of phototropism are operating "right on schedule."
D) There is not enough sunlight to carry on photosynthesis any longer.
E) None of these are the best explanation.

Question 31

Gravity-sensing mechanisms of many organisms are based on

A) spicules.
B) statoliths.
C) uric acid crystals.
D) sclereids.
E) nematocysts.

Question 32

A plant secretes ____ when it needs to respond defensively to a pathogen.

A) salicylic acid
B) systemin
C) brassinosteroids
D) mineralocorticoids
E) nitric oxide

Question 33

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
annual

Question 34

A houseplant placed in a window grows toward the source of light because auxin

A) becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant.
B) becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant.
C) becomes more concentrated on the nonilluminated side of the plant.
D) inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow faster.
E) does none of these.

Question 35

The pigment responsible for photoperiodism is

A) chlorophyll.
B) xanthophyll.
C) anthocyanin.
D) phytochrome.
E) phytoerythrin.

Question 36

The plant movement in the above figure is caused by

A) auxin differences in two sides of the coleoptile.
B) gibberellin released in one side of the leaf.
C) abscisic acid in two sides of the stems.
D) salicylic acid in two sides of the roots.
E) none of these.

Question 37

The requirement of cold weather before a particular plant process occurs (e.g., germination) is known as

A) the biological clock.
B) vernalization.
C) photoperiodism.
D) biennial life cycle.
E) biorhythm.

Question 38

The effect of directional growth shown in the above figure is known to be caused by

A) thigmotropism.
B) gravitropism.
C) abscisic acid.
D) salicylic acid.
E) all of these.

Question 39

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
Gene transcription is induced by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) none of these.

Question 40

Phytochrome is converted from the inactive to the active form by being exposed to light of what color?

A) far red
B) red
C) yellow
D) blue
E) none of these

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
auxin

Question 42

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
phytochrome

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
vernalization

Question 44

Abscission and dormancy are triggered by environmental cues such as seasonal changes in __________ or __________.

Question 45

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
gibberellin

Question 46

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.ethylene
This hormone is a gas that promotes ripening.

Question 47

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.ethylene
This hormone promotes bud and seed dormancy.

Question 48

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
target cell

Question 49

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
biennial

Question 50

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.ethylene
Hormones most closely associated with cell division.

Question 51

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.ethylene
Hormones involved in stem elongation and closely related chemically to certain weed killers like 2,4-D.

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
ethylene

Question 53

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
Pfr

Question 54

__________ and cues from the environment coordinate plant development, which is the formation and growth of tissues and parts in predictable patterns.

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
long-day plant

Question 56

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
circadian

Question 57

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.
a.auxins
b.gibberellins
c.cytokinins
d.abscisic acid
e.ethylene
This hormone stimulates embryo formation in seeds.

Question 58

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
salicylic acid

Question 59

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
short-day plant

Question 60

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.Some letters may not be used.
a.flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b.promotes cell elongation in stems
c.has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d.a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e.blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f.low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g.stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h.stimulates fruit ripening
i.reproduces in spring
j.
produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers the second year
k.occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l.
flowers in autumn
m.
a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n.
lives for only one growing season
o.promotes stem elongation in plants
p.
pigment involved in flowering process
coleoptile

Question 61

__________ secreted by one plant cell alter the activity of a different cell.

Question 62

Abscisic acid promotes bud and seed __________, and it limits water loss by promoting stomatal closure.

Question 63

A mutant plant that does not exhibit phototropism is found.This plant has a mutation involving what hormone?

Question 64

A mutant plant is found in which the seeds germinate far too early.Which hormone is likely involved and why?

Question 65

Would plant roots exhibit gravitropism in outer space? Why or why not?

Question 66

__________ lengthen stems, break dormancy in seeds and buds, and stimulate flowering.

Question 67

__________ promotes senescence and abscission.It also inhibits growth of roots and stems.

Question 68

Auxins lengthen coleoptiles, shoots, and roots by promoting cell __________.

Question 69

__________ stimulate cell division, release lateral buds from apical dominance, and inhibit senescence.

Question 70

In some plants, the direction of growth changes in response to contact with an object.This is called __________.

Question 71

__________ is a response to changes in length of night relative to length of day.

Question 72

What happens when a plant has 'foolish seedling' disease?