Deck 25: Animal Evolutionthe Chordates

Question 1

Sharks differ from most other fish in that they lack

A) gill slits.
B) scales.
C) bone.
D) paired appendages.
E) teeth.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Use the illustration above to answer the following questions.
Which structure is a rod of stiffened support tissue?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) A and B
E) none of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a member of the bony fishes?

A) teleosts
B) ray-finned fish
C) lungfish
D) stingrays
E) lobe-finned fishes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is(are) NOT trend(s) of vertebrate evolution?

A) conversion of the support for locomotion from the notochord to the vertebral column
B) expansion of the nerve cord to form the brain and spinal cord
C) changes in the respiratory system from gills to lungs with accompanying changes in the circulatory system
D) the development of fewer, more efficient chambers in the heart
E) modification of limbs that allowed for more efficient movement

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?

A) About 300 species of turtles currently exist.
B) Turtles do not have teeth.
C) Turtle shells are enlarged in marine forms.
D) Turtles must return to land to lay eggs.
E) Most sea turtle species are highly endangered.

Question 6

The first tetrapods evolved

A) on land.
B) after the amphibians.
C) in water.
D) after the first amniotes.
E) from the ray-finned fishes.

Question 7

The feeding habits of lampreys are best described as

A) suspension feeding.
B) predatory.
C) parasitic.
D) scavenging.
E) all of these.

Question 8

Most amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for

A) respiration.
B) feeding.
C) reproduction.
D) respiration and reproduction.
E) respiration, reproduction, and feeding.

Question 9

From what feature are jaws through to have evolved?

A) pharynx
B) vertebrae
C) legs
D) arms
E) gill arches

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a feature that is found exclusively among all vertebrates?

A) notochord
B) pharyngeal gill slits
C) four legs
D) post-anal tail
E) dorsal nerve cord

Question 11

Amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by

A) their large size.
B) their three-chambered heart.
C) their internal fertilization.
D) the possession of a slimy skin.
E) having external scales.

Question 12

Arrow "B" points to a structure that

A) is one of the four exclusive features of chordates.
B) extends anteriorly into the head region.
C) provides support for muscle contraction.
D) is replaced in most adult vertebrates by the vertebral column.
E) includes all of these.

Question 13

Which is not true of placoderms?

A) They gave birth to live young.
B) They had jaws.
C) They had teeth.
D) They had paired pelvic fins.
E) They had paired pectoral fins.

Question 14

Declining amphibian populations are correlated with

A) habitat loss.
B) introduction of new species.
C) long-term changes in climate.
D) fungal infections and parasitic diseases.
E) all of these.

Question 15

The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg was the

A) Aves.
B) Amphibia.
C) Reptilia.
D) Osteichthyes.
E) Mammalia.

Question 16

Pouches in the gut wall developed into ____ in fishes that are ancestral to land vertebrates.

A) heart chambers
B) the notochord
C) lobes of the liver
D) lungs
E) vocal cords

Question 17

Archaeopteryx is a transitional form between

A) birds and mammals.
B) mammals and reptiles.
C) reptiles and birds.
D) fish and amphibians.
E) amphibians and reptiles.

Question 18

Which phylum is most closely related developmentally to the first vertebrates?

A) Echinodermata
B) Arthropoda
C) Mollusca
D) Annelida
E) none of these

Question 19

Land vertebrates evolved which of the following to help maintain water balance?

A) circulatory system
B) thyroid
C) kidneys
D) liver
E) none of these

Question 20

Which of the following traits does the fossil above share with modern birds?

A) long, clawed fingers on each forelimb
B) it had teeth
C) it had feathers
D) it had a long bony tail
E) all of these

Question 21

Which of the following is(are) an important influence(s) on the evolution of mammals?

A) continental movement
B) geographic isolation
C) competition between species
D) decline of the dinosaurs
E) all of these

Question 22

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents which teeth?

A) incisors
B) molars
C) canines
D) premolars
E) none of these

Question 23

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
bony fishes

Question 24

Birds and crocodiles share which of the following characteristics?

A) ectothermy (body temperature regulated by environment)
B) body hair
C) four-chambered heart
D) lung design
E) light-weight bones

Question 25

All crocodilians

A) live in or near water.
B) are predators with sharp teeth.
C) have a four-chambered heart.
D) have powerful jaws.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 26

Which group of mammals exhibits the widest distribution and greatest diversity?

A) marsupials
B) monotremes
C) placentals
D) marsupials and monotremes
E) placentals and monotremes

Question 27

Egg-laying mammals

A) hatch fully developed young from their eggs.
B) are monotremes.
C) are hairless.
D) are confined to South America.
E) bear their young into permanent pouches.

Question 28

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "C" in the above figure represents which teeth?

A) incisors
B) molars
C) canines
D) premolars
E) none of these

Question 29

Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by

A) their lack of scales.
B) producing land eggs.
C) the ability to maintain a relatively constant body temperature.
D) the ability to fertilize eggs internally.
E) their possession of a dorsal nerve cord.

Question 30

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
caecilians

Question 31

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents

A) humerus
B) pectoral girdle
C) skull
D) sternum
E) pelvic girdle

Question 32

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "D" in the above figure represents which teeth?

A) incisors
B) molars
C) canines
D) premolars
E) none of these

Question 33

Which of these statements about snakes is false?

A) All snakes are carnivores.
B) All snakes use internal fertilization.
C) All snakes are venomous.
D) All snakes have flexible skull bones and hinged jaws.
E) Some snakes retain skeletal remnants of hindlimbs.

Question 34

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The letter "D" in the above figure represents

A) humerus
B) pectoral girdle
C) skull
D) sternum
E) pelvic girdle

Question 35

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Lizards are a very small component of the present-day reptiles.
B) Lizards gave rise to the snakes.
C) Some lizards are not predators.
D) Lizards have over lapping scales on their bodies.
E) All lizards are roughly the same size.

Question 36

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
humans

Question 37

Which is NOT one of the four extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg?

A) albumin
B) amnion
C) chorion
D) allantois
E) yolk sac

Question 38

A great adaptive radiation of mammals began about ____ million years ago.

A) 25
B) 65
C) 95
D) 125
E) 165

Question 39

The placental mammalian counterpart of Australia's spiny anteater is the

A) Tasmanian devil.
B) aardvark.
C) giant anteater.
D) woolly lemur.
E) aardvark and giant anteater.

Question 40

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
birds

Question 41

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
sharks

Question 42

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
platypus

Question 43

Invertebrate chordates include __________ and __________, both marine filter-feeders.

Question 44

__________ are jawless fishes with a backbone.

Question 45

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of this class have cartilaginous skeletons but also possess jaws.

Question 46

__________ are chordates with a braincase of cartilage or bone.

Question 47

Jaws and paired fins evolved in early __________.

Question 48

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
lancelets

Question 49

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of one unusual group may have been ancestors of amphibians.

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
placoderms

Question 51

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Some species of this class live in water but are not dependent upon an aquatic environment.

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
crocodile

Question 53

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
salamanders

Question 54

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
opossum

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
snakes

Question 56

Classification.Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.

Question 57

In lineages that moved onto land, gills were replaced by lungs; kidneys became better at conserving __________, and the circulatory system became more efficient.

Question 58

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
tunicates

Question 59

Four features help define __________: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a pharynx with gill slits, and a tail extending past the anus.

Question 60

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.placental mammal
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.
marsupial
k.adult is called "sea squirt"
l.
egg-laying mammal
m.
swim bladder for buoyancy
n.
may be sexually mature in larval form
lampreys

Question 61

Many amphibians now face extinction, and one cause is believed to be a __________ fungus.

Question 62

Birds are evolved from reptiles, but also differ dramatically.List features of birds that differentiate them from most reptiles?

Question 63

Give the bird-like and reptile-like features of Archaeopteryx?

Question 64

Mammals appeared 220 MYA but did not begin to greatly diversify until 65 MYA - why?

Question 65

Reptiles are __________ (cold-blooded animals) with scales.

Question 66

The __________ asteroid hypothesis proposes that an asteroid impact led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

Question 67

__________, or four-legged walkers, evolved from lobe-finned bony fishes.

Question 68

__________, the first vertebrates able to complete their life cycle on dry land, have water conserving skin and kidneys, and amniote eggs.

Question 69

A __________ is an organ that allows exchange of nutrients between an embryo and its mother.

Question 70

How do lampreys differ from modern jawed fishes?

Question 71

__________ are tetrapods that live on land but typically return to water to reproduce.