Deck 24: Animal Evolutionthe Invertebrates

Question 1

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.It shows a longitudinal section of a sponge body wall.The sponge interior is on the left.
Nematocysts are used for

A) reproduction.
B) excretion.
C) muscle action.
D) circulation.
E) defense.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

All animals are

A) multicellular, heterotrophic, and diploid.
B) multicellular, heterotrophic, and haploid.
C) multicellular, autotrophic, and diploid.
D) multicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.
E) unicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which is false regarding the GGC gene?

A) It is present in humans, mollusks, and insects.
B) It codes for an enzyme that regulates pattern formation in cone shells.
C) It is more than 500 million years old.
D) Today the enzyme product of the gene has different functions in different lineages.
E) None of these are false.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Animals that are hermaphroditic usually

A) fertilize their own eggs.
B) cross-fertilize.
C) donate eggs to other individuals.
D) cannot reproduce sexually.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 5

An animal with bilateral symmetry

A) has left and right sides.
B) usually displays cephalization.
C) produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.
D) has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization.
E) has left and right sides, usually displays cephalization, and produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.

Question 6

The organs of excretion in flatworms are

A) nephridia.
B) contractile vacuoles.
C) Malpighian tubules.
D) flame cells.
E) book lungs.

Question 7

All but which of the following are true about cone snail venom?

A) They are potential sources of new drugs of medical interest.
B) They are made by snails inhabiting the South Pacific Ocean.
C) The venom immobilizes the cone snail's prey.
D) They are lethal to cone snail prey.
E) All of these are true.

Question 8

The first phylum with three germ layers is

A) Cnidaria.
B) Platyhelminthes.
C) Annelida.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Nematoda.

Question 9

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
A feeding individual in the mature colony is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 10

Which of the following are most closely related to the choanoflagellates?

A) animals
B) fungi
C) amoebozoans
D) algae
E) none of these

Question 11

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
A body plan with a pseudocoelom is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) A and B.
E) B and C.

Question 12

The figure above represents

A) a cephalopod beak.
B) a aquatic snail's "tongue."
C) a bivalve penis.
D) a squid claw.
E) none of these.

Question 13

Cells of the outer surface of a sponge obtain nutrients by

A) absorbing food that diffuses from the central cavity.
B) capturing food in their microvilli.
C) absorbing food distributed by amoeboid cells.
D) phagocytosing bacteria and other small food items.
E) poisoning small fish that contact them.

Question 14

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
An asexually reproducing individual is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.It shows a longitudinal section of a sponge body wall.The sponge interior is on the left.
A cell type that helps to pull water through the sponge and strains out food particles is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 16

Poriferans are

A) herbivores.
B) filter feeders.
C) scavengers.
D) predators.
E) carnivores.

Question 17

Use the figure above to answer the following questions.It shows a longitudinal section of a sponge body wall.The sponge interior is on the left.
A cell type that secretes skeletal support elements and digests and transports food is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 18

Which of the following is an organism that possesses chaetae and nephridia and exhibits coordinated movements of circular and longitudinal muscle?

A) millipede
B) tapeworm
C) polychaete
D) hookworm
E) flatworm

Question 19

Nephridia are

A) circulatory organs.
B) respiratory organs.
C) excretory organs.
D) endocrine organs.
E) part of the nervous system.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?

A) The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
B) The first opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
C) The second opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
D) The second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
E) The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus and the second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.

Question 21

The majority of crustaceans live in

A) bodies of freshwater.
B) tropical rain forests.
C) marine habitats.
D) wetlands.
E) grasslands.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a chelicerate?

A) tick
B) mosquito
C) spider
D) horseshoe crab
E) scorpion

Question 23

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
annelids

Question 24

Which of the following groups can be distinguished from other arthropods by its two pairs of antennae?

A) insects
B) millipedes
C) chelicerates
D) crustaceans
E) trilobites

Question 25

The most successful (largest numbers of species) forms of life that have ever evolved are the

A) vertebrates.
B) insects.
C) humans.
D) protozoans.
E) mollusks.

Question 26

Molting in arthropods may involve a change in all but

A) body form and maturity.
B) sex.
C) body size.
D) eating habits.
E) sensory structures.

Question 27

Which of the following have a flexible cuticle, longitudinal muscles, a complete digestive system, and a false coelom?

A) nematodes
B) cnidarians
C) flatworms
D) echinoderms
E) sponges

Question 28

A water-vascular system is characteristic of the phylum

A) Arthropoda.
B) Annelida.
C) Chordata.
D) Mollusca.
E) Echinodermata.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a major feature of arthropods?

A) jointed appendages
B) exoskeleton
C) paired segmental nephridia
D) specialized and fused-together segments
E) specialized sensory structures

Question 30

Which of the following groups contains organisms that produce free-living larvae?

A) cnidarians
B) echinoderms
C) arthropods
D) cnidarians and echinoderms
E) cnidarians, echinoderms, and arthropods

Question 31

A wormlike arthropod with a flattened body and carnivorous eating habits would be identified as a

A) crustacean.
B) millipede.
C) spider.
D) trilobite.
E) centipede.

Question 32

For roundworms living in the intestine of a vertebrate, the cuticle most probably serves in what capacity?

A) water retention
B) nutrient absorption
C) protection from digestive enzymes
D) excretion of metabolic wastes
E) sensory detection

Question 33

An unidentified arthropod with no antennae and eight legs could be closely related to

A) grasshoppers.
B) ticks.
C) crayfish.
D) millipedes.
E) crabs.

Question 34

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
arthropods

Question 35

During extended periods of dehydration, tardigrades

A) enter suspended animation.
B) migrate to the soil subsurface.
C) enter small ponds and lakes.
D) climb inside a plant leaf and encyst.
E) none of these

Question 36

Exoskeletons are most characteristic of

A) Mollusca
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Chordata
E) Annelida

Question 37

A radula is an organ found in

A) gastropods.
B) chitons.
C) bivalves.
D) gastropods and chitons.
E) gastropods, chitons, and bivalves.

Question 38

Rotifers take their name from

A) their tumbling movements through the water.
B) actions of cilia on their head.
C) their radial symmetry.
D) their elaborate digestive system.
E) rotational action around the central body axis.

Question 39

"Tardigrada" means

A) tough exoskeleton.
B) many proglottids.
C) slow walker.
D) short digestive system.
E) coelom.

Question 40

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
millipede

Question 41

Some animals have no body symmetry or have __________ symmetry like a wheel.

Question 42

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
mollusks

Question 43

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
rotifers

Question 44

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Mollusca
d.Echinodermata
e.Rotifera
This phylum has the greatest number of species.

Question 45

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
flatworms

Question 46

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Porifera
b.Cnidaria
c.Platyhelminthes
d.Nematoda
e.Annelida
This phylum contains the most primitive species of the animal kingdom in the list.

Question 47

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Mollusca
d.Echinodermata
e.Rotifera
Trilobites were members of this phylum.

Question 48

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Porifera
b.Cnidaria
c.Platyhelminthes
d.Nematoda
e.Annelida
Members of this group have a brain with nerve cords, have a saclike or branched gut, and lack a circulatory system.

Question 49

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Mollusca
d.Echinodermata
e.Rotifera
Although most members are enclosed by hardened shells, this phylum name literally means "soft body."

Question 50

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
cnidarians

Question 51

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
roundworms

Question 52

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Porifera
b.Cnidaria
c.Platyhelminthes
d.Nematoda
e.Annelida
Members of this phylum have a brain with a ventral nerve cord, a complete gut, and a circulatory system that is usually closed.

Question 53

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Mollusca
d.Echinodermata
e.Rotifera
"Wheel animals" are in this phylum.

Question 54

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
sponges

Question 55

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
placozoan

Question 56

__________ are multicelled heterotrophs without cell walls.

Question 57

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.two pairs of legs per segment
b.tiny, flattened, crawling forms
c.planarians, flukes, tapeworms
d.nematodes
e.snails, squids, clams
f.wheel animals
g.flagellated collar cells present
h.jellyfish and corals
i.crustaceans, ticks, and insects
j.
polychaetes, earthworms, leeches
k.sea urchins, sea stars
echinoderms

Question 58

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Porifera
b.Cnidaria
c.Platyhelminthes
d.Nematoda
e.Annelida
Members of this phylum have a pseudocoelomic cavity.

Question 59

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Mollusca
d.Echinodermata
e.Rotifera
The larval stage in this phylum has bilateral symmetry, whereas the adult stage exhibits radial symmetry.

Question 60

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a.Porifera
b.Cnidaria
c.Platyhelminthes
d.Nematoda
e.Annelida
Tapeworms are members of this phylum.

Question 61

__________ are asymmetrical and do not have tissues or organs.

Question 62

In __________, an anus forms first.

Question 63

The __________ (nematodes) have an unsegmented body, a cuticle that is molted, a complete gut, and a false coelom.

Question 64

Explain how insects are both essential for and detrimental to agriculture

Question 65

__________ is a concentration of nerves and sensory structures at the head end.

Question 66

What evidence is there that choanoflagellates were the ancestors to animals?

Question 67

__________ in annelids regulate the composition of body fluid.

Question 68

Genetic evidence suggests that insects have evolved from crustaceans.What is a reason that insects are so much smaller than crustaceans?

Question 69

__________, such as jellyfishes, corals, and sea anemones, are radially symmetrical.

Question 70

Why might tardigrades make good organisms for space flight?

Question 71

___________, such as sea stars, are invertebrate members of the deuterostome lineage.

Question 72

___________, or water bears, have a reduced coelom and molt.

Question 73

The gut cavity may be a fully lined coelom or a partially lined __________.

Question 74

Animals most likely evolved from a colony similar to __________, a type of protist.