Deck 20: Viruses and Prokaryotes

Question 1

Of all organisms, prokaryotes are

A) the smallest.
B) the most abundant.
C) the most metabolically diverse.
D) the most widespread.
E) all of these.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following distinguishes bacterial flagella from those of eukaryotes?

A) number per cell and structure
B) structure and mechanism of movement
C) function and mechanism of movement
D) number per cell and mechanism of movement
E) number per cell and function

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following lack a nucleus and are structurally simple?

A) eukaryotes
B) prokaryotes
C) fungi
D) algae
E) all of these

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Once inside the human body, HIV primarily infects

A) liver tissue.
B) kidney tissue.
C) red blood cells.
D) white blood cells.
E) all of these.

Question 5

Which of the following prokaryotic nutritional groups use CO₂ and sunlight to produce energy?

A) photoautotrophs
B) chemoautotrophs
C) photoheterotrophs
D) chemoheterotrophs
E) all of these

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of type I Herpes simplex?

A) It is a DNA virus.
B) It has a latent phase in its replication cycle.
C) It remains in nerve cells for a time.
D) Sunburn or other stress can activate it.
E) Once activated it causes a form of skin cancer.

Question 7

Herpes and other enveloped viruses enter their host cells

A) through pores.
B) by dissolving the host plasma membrane.
C) by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell's plasma membrane.
D) by activating transport proteins in the host cell's plasma membrane.
E) any of these.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses?

A) Contains DNA or RNA genetic material.
B) Contains cytoplasm and ribosomes.
C) Has a protein coat.
D) Can only replicate inside a living host cell.
E) Is very small.

Question 9

Which of the following prokaryotic nutritional groups use organic substances for carbon and photons for energy?

A) photoautotrophs
B) chemoautotrophs
C) photoheterotrophs
D) chemoheterotrophs
E) none of these

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT characterize most prokaryotes?

A) no nucleus
B) a single circular chromosome
C) cell wall
D) complex internal membranes
E) great metabolic diversity

Question 11

Prokaryotes are the ancestors of

A) protists.
B) fungi.
C) plants.
D) animals.
E) all of these.

Question 12

An adenovirus

A) is a naked virus.
B) does not have a lipid envelope.
C) has a spiked protein coat.
D) infects animals.
E) all of these.

Question 13

Which of the following prokaryotic nutritional groups use CO₂ and inorganic substances to produce energy?

A) photoautotrophs
B) chemoautotrophs
C) photoheterotrophs
D) chemoheterotrophs
E) none of these

Question 14

Retroviruses are characterized by

A) an RNA core.
B) integrating DNA into the host's chromosome.
C) the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
D) having one strain that causes AIDS.
E) all of these.

Question 15

Which of the following is false?

A) The outer coats of all viruses are alike.
B) The virus contains either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both.
C) Viruses infect organisms in all three domains of life.
D) Most viruses have a protein coat or covering.
E) Some viruses benefit us indirectly.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a prokaryote shape?

A) A coccus is corkscrew shaped.
B) An archaean is arch shaped.
C) A bacillus is rod shaped.
D) A spirillum is shperical.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 17

AIDS is short for

A) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
B) Accelerated Immune Death Syndrome.
C) Accentuated Induced Deficiency Syndrome.
D) Advantageous Immunity Deficiency Syndrome.
E) none of these.

Question 18

Peptidoglycan is a compound in

A) bacterial flagella.
B) bacterial cell walls.
C) archaean cell walls.
D) archaean flagella.
E) all of these.

Question 19

Which of the following is(are) NOT involved in the reproduction of all viruses?

A) attachment and penetration
B) replication and synthesis
C) assembly
D) latency
E) release

Question 20

Sequencing of HIV-1 revealed that it is most closely related to which of the following?

A) simian immunodeficiency virus
B) feline immunodeficiency virus
C) bovine immunodeficiency virus
D) hepatitis B
E) all of these

Question 21

All of the following are located on the exterior surface of a prokaryote EXCEPT

A) flagellum
B) pilus
C) plasma membrane
D) capsule
E) none of these

Question 22

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
These bacteria live in temperatures that are not usually conducive to life.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of the proteobacteria?

A) They are the most diverse group of bacteria.
B) Some are photoautotrophs.
C) Some are chemoautotrophs.
D) Some are chemoheterotrophs.
E) All of these are true.

Question 24

Which of the following is an intracellular parasite that causes sexually transmitted disease?

A) Chlamydia
B) Cyanobacteria
C) Clostridium
D) Chondromyces
E) all of these

Question 25

Endospores can resist

A) boiling water.
B) acids.
C) irradiation.
D) disinfectants.
E) all of these.

Question 26

Archaeans are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) size.
B) shape.
C) plasma membrane composition.
D) absence of a nucleus.
E) mode of cellular division.

Question 27

A dangerous form of food poisoning is caused by

A) Clostridium botulinum.
B) Clostridium tetani.
C) Bacillus anthracis.
D) Heliobacter pylori.
E) Thermus aquaticus.

Question 28

In what way does prokaryotic fission resemble eukaryotic mitosis?

A) mechanism of chromosome movement
B) genetically equivalent daughter cells are produced
C) chromosome attachment
D) production of a cytoskeletal framework for separating chromosomes
E) all of these

Question 29

Most species of Gram-positive bacteria are

A) photoautotrophic.
B) photoheterotrophic.
C) chemoautotrophic.
D) chemoheterotrophic.
E) photochemoautotrophic.

Question 30

In which of the following ways are archaeans similar to eukaryotic cells?

A) size
B) shape
C) presence of histones
D) DNA polymerases
E) presence of operons

Question 31

Pili may do all of the following EXCEPT

A) help cells attach to surfaces.
B) function in reproduction.
C) extend from the cell surface.
D) be transferred between cells.
E) function in cell locomotion.

Question 32

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in ____ archaeans and used to supply energy for ____ production.

A) halophilic; ATP
B) thermophilic; carbohydrate
C) methanogenic; methane
D) halophilic; carbohydrate
E) thermophilic; ATP

Question 33

The methanogenic archaeans are ____ that pull electrons from ____.

A) chemoautotrophs; oxygen
B) chemoheterotrophs; carbon dioxide
C) chemoautotrophs; water
D) chemoheterotrophs; methane
E) chemoautotrophs; hydrogen gas

Question 34

Gram-positive bacteria have ____ and appear ____ under the microscope.

A) thick walls; pink
B) thick walls; purple
C) thin walls; pink
D) thin walls; purple
E) none of these

Question 35

Gram staining divides bacteria into ____ groups based on differences in the composition of their ____.

A) two; DNA
B) four; capsules
C) two; cell walls
D) four; cell walls
E) two; plasma membranes

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true about cyanobacteria?

A) Cyanobacteria have the same light-capturing chlorophylls as plants.
B) Chloroplasts evolved from ancient cyanobacteria.
C) Cyanobacteria can fix carbon.
D) Cyanobacteria can fix nitrogen.
E) Cyanobacteria put nearly all of the nitrogen into Earth's atmosphere.

Question 37

The methanogenic archaeans belong are ____.

A) aerobes
B) facultative anaerobes
C) strict aerobes
D) facultative anaerobes
E) strict anaerobes

Question 38

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
These produce CH₄.

Question 39

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.

Question 40

Plasmids

A) are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA.
B) may be transferred between bacteria.
C) may pick up genes from other prokaryotes.
D) contains genes separate from the bacterial chromosome.
E) fit all of these descriptions.

Question 41

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
Some viruses cause disease; they act as __________ in humans.

Question 42

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
These are the most diverse monophyletic group of bacteria.

Question 43

Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Question 44

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
Bacteriophages may reproduce using a __________ pathway in which viral DNA becomes part of the host chromosome.

Question 45

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
The 3 types of horizontal gene flow that occur in bacteria are __________, __________, and __________.

Question 46

Archaeans include three main groups:__________ (methane producers), __________ (salt lovers), and __________ (heat lovers).

Question 47

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
__________ or __________ extend from many prokaryotic cells and serve in attachment and motility.

Question 48

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
These can form heterocysts, valuable in nitrogen fixation.

Question 49

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
Bacteriophages may multiply by a __________ pathway in which the new viral particles are made quickly and released by lysis.

Question 50

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
A __________ is a virus that infects only bacteria.

Question 51

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
A __________ is a noncellular infectious particle with a protein coat enclosing DNA or RNA.

Question 52

How does the lysogenic cycle differ from the lytic cycle?

Question 53

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
A virus infects a host cell and takes over the host's mechanisms of replication and __________ synthesis.

Question 54

MATCHING
Classification.Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.halophiles
b.cyanobacteria
c.thermophiles
d.proteobacteria
e.methanogens
The __________ is a circular molecule of DNA that resides in a region of cytoplasm called the __________.

Question 55

How do archaea differ from bacteria?

Question 56

Why are endospores so dangerous to food production?