Deck 22: The Land Plants

Question 1

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The entire structure indicated by "C" is a ____ gametophyte.

A) moss
B) liverwort
C) hornwort
D) fern
E) gymnosperm

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Mosses have xylem
B) Mosses have lignin.
C) Mosses have true stems.
D) Mosses have rhizoids.
E) Mosses have independent sporophytes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning fertilization in ferns is true?

A) It occurs outside the egg-producing structure.
B) It requires water.
C) The fertilization product is haploid.
D) A spore is the product of fertilization.
E) None of these are true.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A sorus is

A) a fern spore.
B) the fern gametophyte.
C) an egg-producing structure.
D) where the sperm are produced.
E) a collection of sporangia.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the figure above.
In the above figure, which of the following would have a haploid number of chromosomes?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) C and D

Question 6

Which of the following is(are) specialization(s) that evolved in land plants that was(were) unnecessary in their aquatic ancestors?

A) xylem
B) phloem
C) stomata
D) roots
E) all of these

Question 7

Which of the following is considered to be most closely related to land plants?

A) red algae
B) chlorophytes
C) charophytes
D) trypanosomes
E) all of these

Question 8

The world's forests are rapidly being lost to

A) fires.
B) fungal diseases.
C) logging.
D) hurricanes.
E) decrease in soil fertility.

Question 9

The above figure represents a plant structural feature with which of the following functions?

A) reproduction
B) gas exchange
C) water conservation
D) water transport
E) both gas exchange and water conservation

Question 10

The cuticle of a plant is primarily for

A) retention of water.
B) conduction of water.
C) absorption of carbon dioxide.
D) protection from strong sunlight.
E) mechanical support.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the figure above.
In the above figure, which of the following would have a diploid number of chromosomes?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) A and B

Question 12

Which of the following is not a benefit of trees?

A) they produce oxygen.
B) they absorb carbon dioxide.
C) they prevent erosion.
D) they prevent flooding.
E) all of these are a benefit of trees.

Question 13

In horsetails, lycophytes, and whisk ferns,

A) spores give rise to gametophytes.
B) the main plant body is a gametophyte.
C) the sporophyte bears sperm- and egg-producing organs.
D) the gametophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle.
E) all of these are true.

Question 14

How many trees have been planted in Africa by Wangari Maathai's organization over the first 30 years?

A) 1 000 000
B) 4 000 000
C) 10 000 000
D) 20 000 000
E) 40 000 000

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning production of bryophyte reproductive cells is true?

A) Spores and gametes are produced by meiosis.
B) Spores and gametes are produced by mitosis.
C) Spores are produced by meiosis, whereas gametes are produced by mitosis.
D) Spores are produced by mitosis, whereas gametes are produced by meiosis.
E) Spores and gametes are both used for sexual reproduction.

Question 16

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the photographs in the above figure represents the bryophyte?

A) moss
B) fern
C) conifer
D) monocot
E) all of these

Question 17

The key innovation that helped sporophyte dominant plants survive in dry environments is

A) spores.
B) the cuticle.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) lignin.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of xylem?

A) conducts water up the plant
B) conducts mineral ions up the plant
C) connects with roots
D) connects with leaves
E) transports sugars

Question 19

A significant event influencing the rapid evolution of plants on land after their initial appearance was the

A) increase of atmospheric oxygen.
B) reduction of ultraviolet radiation penetration through the atmosphere.
C) stabilization of global climates.
D) increase in soil nutrients.
E) merging of land masses.

Question 20

The following questions refer to the figure above.
Which of the photographs in the above figure represents the angiosperms?

A) moss
B) fern
C) conifer
D) monocot
E) all of these

Question 21

Which of the following parts of angiosperms is not a food source?

A) roots.
B) fruits.
C) shoots.
D) nectar.
E) all of these are food sources.

Question 22

The seed develops from the

A) gametophyte.
B) ovary.
C) ovule.
D) pollen grain.
E) zygote.

Question 23

The above figure represents

A) petunia eggs.
B) pine pollen.
C) pansy spores.
D) petal fragments.
E) poppy seeds.

Question 24

In conifers, the time between pollination and fertilization is

A) just a few hours.
B) about a day.
C) about a month.
D) about six months.
E) a year or more.

Question 25

Dependence on animal vectors for fertilization and dispersal is characteristic of many species of

A) ferns.
B) angiosperms.
C) mosses.
D) conifers.
E) cycads.

Question 26

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
eudicots

Question 27

The majority of vascular plants possess or are characterized by

A) leaves.
B) dependent gametophytes.
C) seeds.
D) microspores and megaspores.
E) all of these.

Question 28

The following questions refer to the figure above of the life cycle of a pine.
The male gametophyte is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 29

The rapid expansion of angiosperms late in the Mesozoic era appears to be related to their coevolution with

A) dinosaurs.
B) gymnosperms.
C) insects.
D) mammals.
E) birds.

Question 30

The male gametophytes are

A) ovules.
B) seeds.
C) pollen grains.
D) cones.
E) sperm cells.

Question 31

Which of the following is made from tree bark?

A) cinnamon.
B) cocaine.
C) syrup.
D) hemp.
E) saffron.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a C3 grass?

A) wheat.
B) oats.
C) barley.
D) rice
E) legumes.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true concerning conifers?

A) They form seeds in female cones.
B) They have needlelike and scale-like leaves.
C) They have a thick cuticle.
D) They have motile sperm.
E) They are mostly evergreen.

Question 34

Sperm swim from ____ to ____ for fertilization.

A) B; A
B) D; C
C) D; E
D) C; D
E) E; C

Question 35

Which of the following plants are widely planted in cities because of their resistance to insect predators, air pollution, and disease?

A) horsetails
B) ginkgos
C) pines
D) spruces
E) junipers

Question 36

All EXCEPT which of the following are monocots?

A) orchids
B) wheat
C) maple
D) grass
E) palms

Question 37

Which of the following has been called the world's most nutritious plant

A) wheat.
B) rice.
C) apple.
D) quinoa.
E) barley.

Question 38

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
conifers

Question 39

The following questions refer to the figure above of the life cycle of a pine.
Meiosis that produces microspores is indicated by

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E.

Question 40

What occurs within the female cone of a pine tree?

A) meiosis
B) mitosis
C) development
D) fertilization
E) all of these

Question 41

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a.lycophytes
b.bryophytes
c.monocots
d.conifers
e.eudicots
Members of this group are heterosporous with well-developed seed and pollen-bearing cones.

Question 42

Features that contributed to success on land include __________ and __________ (two types of vascular tissues).

Question 43

In seed plants, __________ allow reproduction without standing water.

Question 44

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a.lycophytes
b.bryophytes
c.monocots
d.conifers
e.eudicots
In members of this group the gametophyte is the dominant generation.

Question 45

__________ attach a gametophyte to soil or another surface.

Question 46

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
ferns

Question 47

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
angiosperm

Question 48

Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ that protects spores.

Question 49

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a.lycophytes
b.bryophytes
c.monocots
d.conifers
e.eudicots
The giant club mosses of the Carboniferous period were members of this group.

Question 50

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a.lycophytes
b.bryophytes
c.monocots
d.conifers
e.eudicots
Members of this group have seeds containing two cotyledons enclosed in an ovary.

Question 51

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
horsetails

Question 52

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
cycads

Question 53

Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ and __________ that minimize water loss.

Question 54

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
mosses, liverworts

Question 55

A __________ dominates bryophyte life cycles.

Question 56

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
club mosses

Question 57

Land plants, or embryophytes, are close relatives of __________, a kind of green algae.

Question 58

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
monocots

Question 59

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a.lycophytes
b.bryophytes
c.monocots
d.conifers
e.eudicots
Orchids are members of this division.

Question 60

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate response.
a.have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b.one cotyledon
c.non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d.Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e.only one species left
f.cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g.confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h.two cotyledons
i.Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j.
have coevolved with pollinating vectors
ginkgos

Question 61

__________ include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.

Question 62

Which would create a more acute dietary shortage for human beings - the loss of monocot crops or the loss of dicot crops?

Question 63

Describe the challenges that plants faced when they entered the land, and how did they overcome them?

Question 64

Will our modern forests eventually become coal?

Question 65

Ferns, roots, and fronds grow from __________.

Question 66

Why do ferns only thrive in moist environments?