Deck 14: Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Question 1

Polyploidy

A) can occur naturally.
B) occurs when there are more than two sets of chromosomes.
C) can be artificially induced by colchicine.
D) is responsible for some of our major foods.
E) is all of these.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

A) inversion
B) deletion
C) duplication
D) translocation
E) aneuploidy

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Chromosomal aberrations can be produced by exposure to

A) viruses.
B) radiation.
C) various chemicals.
D) viruses and radiation only.
E) viruses, radiation, and various chemicals.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward is an example of

A) inversion.
B) deletion.
C) duplication.
D) translocation.
E) aneuploidy.

Question 5

The Punnett square illustration above shows that theoretically

A) half of human sperm carry a Y chromosome.
B) half of human zygotes are XY.
C) all zygotes carry an X chromosome.
D) gender depends upon which type of sperm fertilizes the egg.
E) all of these are true.

Question 6

Which of the following is the genetic condition observed in the middle person from the above figure?

A) Huntington disease
B) acondroplasia
C) triple recessive condition
D) galactosemia
E) all of these

Question 7

A woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with normal color vision.What is the probability that their first child will be color blind?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
E) none of these

Question 8

Concerning the sex chromosomes, which of the following is correct?

A) The Y chromosome carries a greater number of genes for nonsexual traits than does the X.
B) X and Y are different in size but carry nearly equal numbers of genes.
C) The X chromosome carries more genes for nonsexual traits than does the Y.
D) The X chromosome carries only gender-related genes.
E) The X chromosome carries the SRY gene.

Question 9

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

A) inversion
B) deletion
C) duplication
D) translocation
E) aneuploidy

Question 10

An X-linked carrier is a

A) homozygous dominant female.
B) heterozygous female.
C) homozygous recessive female.
D) homozygous male.
E) heterozygous male.

Question 11

A chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABFEDCG after is an example of

A) inversion.
B) deletion.
C) duplication.
D) translocation.
E) aneuploidy.

Question 12

The above figure represents which of the following:

A) a male with trisomy 21
B) a female with trisomy 21
C) a result caused by the use of colchicine
D) a gorilla globin gene spread
E) none of these

Question 13

Which of the following is a transfer of genes between non-homologous chromosomes?

A) crossing over
B) aneuploidy
C) trisomy
D) translocation
E) duplication

Question 14

Which of the following is most logical from a health perspective?

A) Light skin and little exposure to sun.
B) Light skin and extensive exposure to sun.
C) Dark skin and little exposure to sun.
D) Dark skin and lots of exposure to sun.
E) Light skin and little sun, or dark skin and lots of sun.

Question 15

The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is

A) 0%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 75%.
E) 100%.

Question 16

If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from

A) her mother.
B) her father.
C) both parents.
D) neither parent.
E) her grandmother.

Question 17

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are females because

A) females have two dominant genes for the disorder.
B) males have only one X chromosome.
C) males have a double dose of the gene.
D) Y chromosomes are not as strong as X chromosomes.
E) none of these.

Question 18

A human X-linked gene is

A) found only in males.
B) more frequently expressed in females.
C) found on the Y chromosome.
D) transmitted from father to son.
E) found on the X chromosome.

Question 19

The above figure represents which of the following chromosomal changes:

A) inversion
B) deletion
C) duplication
D) translocation
E) aneuploidy

Question 20

Achondroplasia

A) is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.
B) affects about one in one million people.
C) affects only homozygotes.
D) is characterized by abnormally short arms and legs.
E) is all of these.

Question 21

Matching.Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
Down syndrome

Question 22

A prenatal diagnosis procedure that has recently come into wide use can be performed earlier than amniocentesis, and it involves sampling the

A) yolk sac material.
B) allantois.
C) chorion.
D) yolk sac.
E) umbilical cord.

Question 23

The sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome is

A) XXX.
B) XO.
C) XXY.
D) XYY.
E) none of these.

Question 24

It is now possible to analyze the genetics of the new generation by

A) fetoscopy.
B) amniocentesis.
C) chorionic villi sampling.
D) preimplantation diagnosis.
E) all of these.

Question 25

Which of the following syndromes is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes?

A) Turner
B) Down
C) androgen insensitivity
D) Klinefelter
E) cri-du-chat

Question 26

Amniocentesis is

A) a surgical means of repairing deformities.
B) a form of chemotherapy that modifies or inhibits gene expression or the function of gene products.
C) used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos.
D) a form of gene replacement therapy.
E) all of these.

Question 27

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-trisomy

Question 28

PKU can be detected by

A) prenatal karyotyping.
B) urine analysis at birth.
C) blood tests at birth.
D) saliva tests.
E) both urine analysis and blood tests at birth.

Question 29

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-duplication

Question 30

The failure of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis is called

A) genetic displacement.
B) trisomy.
C) crossing over.
D) nondisjunction.
E) disjunction.

Question 31

Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU) may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in

A) serine.
B) glycine.
C) phenylalanine.
D) proline.
E) glutamic acid.

Question 32

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-translocation

Question 33

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-deletion

Question 34

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-colchicine

Question 35

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-inversion

Question 36

The sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is

A) XXX.
B) XO.
C) XXY.
D) XYY.
E) none of these.

Question 37

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-monosomy

Question 38

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate answer for each.
a.3n; generally sterile
b.a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome
c.(2n - 1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome
d.a repeat of a particular DNA sequence in the same chromosome or in nonhomologous ones
e.(2n + 1); three chromosomes of the same kind are present in a set of chromosomes
f.a piece of the chromosome is inadvertently left out during the repair process
g.inhibits microtubule assembly; used in karyotyping
h.a chromosome segment that has been cut out and rejoined at the same place, but backward

-triploidy

Question 39

Amniocentesis involves sampling

A) the fetus directly.
B) the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid.
C) sperm.
D) blood cells.
E) placental cells.

Question 40

Males that tend to be taller than average and show mild mental impairment may have

A) XXY chromosomes.
B) XYY chromosomes.
C) Turner syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.
E) none of these.

Question 41

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes does each somatic cell have in a human male who has two X chromosomes?

Question 42

Classification.Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements.Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.an inversion
b.a deletion
c.a gene duplication
d.a translocation
e.an addition
A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
species X is alanine, valine, threonine, alanine
species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Z is most likely due to this.

Question 43

Matching.Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
hemophilia A

Question 44

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes are present in each cell of the germ cell line for a tetraploid species where its normal complement of chromosomes is 48?

Question 45

Matching.Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
red-green color blindness

Question 46

Classification.Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements.Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.an inversion
b.a deletion
c.a gene duplication
d.a translocation
e.an addition
Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and aBCdEF are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.Crossing over between them is suppressed because their locations are the result of this.

Question 47

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is an autosomal recessive disorder.

Question 48

Classification.Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements.Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.an inversion
b.a deletion
c.a gene duplication
d.a translocation
e.an addition
The nucleotide sequences of homologous regions of DNA of two species are AATGCCCCGTTA and AATGCCCCGCTTA.If this is not the result of a nucleotide base-pair addition, then it is most likely the result of this.

Question 49

Classification.Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements.Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.an inversion
b.a deletion
c.a gene duplication
d.a translocation
e.an addition
Homologous sets of genes ABCDEF and AEDCBF are located on homologous chromosomes.Crossing over between them is suppressed because of this.

Question 50

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is due to a sex chromosome abnormality probably caused by nondisjunction of sex chromosomes at meiosis.

Question 51

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is also known as trisomy 21.

Question 52

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
This disorder is an X-linked recessive trait.

Question 53

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
The normal sperm cell of species X carries 11 chromosomes.Following nondisjunction in the formation of secondary spermatocytes and their subsequent fertilization of normal ova, some of the zygotes will have 21 chromosomesand the remainder will have how many chromosomes?

Question 54

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cells of a child born with Down syndrome (trisomy 21)?

Question 55

Classification.Select the best process listed below for each of the following statements.Note that you need to know that the sequence of amino acids directly reflects the sequence of genes that coded for their placement.
a.an inversion
b.a deletion
c.a gene duplication
d.a translocation
e.an addition
A small region of a protein from three species is sequenced and found to be as follows:
species X is alanine, glycine, glycine, threonine, alanine
species Y is alanine, glycine, threonine, alanine
species Z is alanine, valine, glycine, threonine, alanine
The difference in the amino acid sequence of species Y is most likely due to this.

Question 56

Classification.Answer the following questions in reference to the five items listed below.
a.12
b.23
c.24
d.46
e.47
Following a gene duplication event involving only five loci, how many chromosomes will a human female have?

Question 57

Matching.Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
Turner syndrome

Question 58

Matching.Match the cause with the disorder.
a.autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b.nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c.X-linked recessive inheritance
d.nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
galactosemia

Question 59

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
An X-linked recessive gene (c) produces red-green color blindness.A normal woman whose father was color blind marries a color-blind man.
(a)
What are the possible genotypes for the mother of the color-blind man?
(b)
What are the possible genotypes for the father of the color-blind man?
(c)
What are the chances that the first son will be color blind?
(d)
What are the chances that the first daughter will be color blind?

Question 60

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
For this disorder, both a phenotypic cure and a genotypic cure are potentially possible.

Question 61

Some conditions like progeria do not run in families despite being autosomal dominant.How is that possible?

Question 62

The human has __________ sets of autosomal chromosomes.

Question 63

How did the cessation of crossing-over contribute to the disparity between the X and Y chromosomes?

Question 64

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
Short index fingers (shorter than the ring finger) are dominant in males and recessive in females, whereas long index fingers (as long as or longer than ring fingers) are dominant in females and recessive in males.Give the F₂ genotype and phenotype resulting from the cross of a male with long index fingers with a female with short index fingers.

Question 65

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
If a father and a son are both color blind and the mother is normal, is it likely that the son inherited color blindness from his father?

Question 66

Which of the following nondisjunction disorders must be due to an event is sperm development: XO, XXX, XXY or XYY?

Question 67

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome

-If an X-linked recessive gene is expressed in 4 percent of the men, what proportion of women would express the recessive trait?

Question 68

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
Hemophilia is caused by an X-linked recessive gene.A normal woman whose father had hemophilia marries a normal man.What are the chances of hemophilia in their children?

Question 69

Rarely, a chromosome's structure becomes altered when part of it undergoes __________, __________, __________, or __________.

Question 70

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait.Two normal-vision parents have a color-blind son.Indicate the genotype and phenotype of each parent and the son.

Question 71

A genetic disorder has been studied through multiple generations using pedigree analysis.Every person expressing the trait has an affected parent, and both sexes are equally affected.This suggests what sort of trait and why?

Question 72

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome

-Color blindness is an X-linked recessive gene.Two normal-vision parents produce a color-blind child.
(a)
Is this child male or female?
(b)
What are the genotypes of the parents?
(c)
What are the chances that their next child will be a color-blind daughter?

Question 73

__________ is a diagnostic tool that reveals missing or extra chromosomes and some structural changes in an individual's chromosomes.

Question 74

Classification.Select the best disorder listed below to match the following statements.
a.Galactosemia
b.Turner syndrome
c.Klinefelter's syndrome
d.hemophilia A
e.Down syndrome
In humans, an X-linked disorder called coloboma iridia (a fissure in the iris) is a recessive trait.A normal couple has an afflicted daughter.The husband sues the wife for divorce on the grounds of infidelity.Would you find in his favor?