Deck 10: Gene Control

Question 1

Researchers tend to name genes based on what happens in their absence.The tinman gene in Drosophila results in flies

A) without hearts.
B) with nonjointed legs.
C) with a thick exoskeleton.
D) with rust colored eyes.
E) without brains.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Nuclear pore complexes allow RNA transcripts to pass to the cytoplasm only when the transcripts

A) are bound to specific proteins.
B) are small enough.
C) are attached to fat soluble molecules.
D) contain specific introns.
E) are attached to ribosome subunits manufactured in the nucleus.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The conversion of proteins by the removal of a portion of polypeptide chain is an example of

A) transcriptional control.
B) transcript processing control.
C) transport control.
D) translational control.
E) post-translational control.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

X chromosome inactivation results in the

A) total inactivation of both X chromosomes.
B) inactivation of only the paternal X chromosome.
C) inactivation of only the maternal X chromosome.
D) inactivation of either the paternal X chromosome or the maternal X chromosome.
E) nonrandom inactivation of X chromosomes in the initial cells of tissues.

Question 5

Cell differentiation accounts for cells of an organism becoming different in

A) composition.
B) structure.
C) function.
D) development.
E) all of these.

Question 6

Which letter in the above figure represents breast cancer?

A) A
B) B
C) both A and B
D) neither A or B
E) this is prostate tissue

Question 7

Differentiation is the process by which cells

A) mature into larger cells.
B) change from one type of muscle to another.
C) allows cells to change to fix injuries.
D) turn on all the genomic genes.
E) become specialized by turning on some genes and turning off others.

Question 8

In knockout experiments,

A) genes are added to chromosomes.
B) normal genes are replaced physically by mutated genes.
C) genes are mutated or deleted to prevent their transcription or translation.
D) mRNAs are prevented from attaching to ribosomes.
E) the protein products of specific genes are inactivated.

Question 9

Transcription factors include all of the following EXCEPT

A) activators.
B) repressors.
C) enhancers.
D) translational factors.
E) none of these.

Question 10

Homeotic genes generally control

A) X chromosome inactivation.
B) mapping the basic body plan.
C) hormone synthesis.
D) dosage compensation.
E) none of these.

Question 11

The rate at which mRNA is processed by ribosomes is an example of

A) transcriptional control.
B) transcript processing control.
C) transport control.
D) translational control.
E) post-translational control.

Question 12

Post-translational controls of gene expression include

A) activation of enzymes.
B) inhibition of enzymes.
C) stabilization of enzymes.
D) allosteric enzyme control.
E) all of these.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is(are) true concerning promoters?

A) They are short sequences in DNA.
B) They are locations in DNA where regulatory proteins gather.
C) They control transcription.
D) They are associated with specific genes.
E) All of these are true.

Question 14

Regulatory elements in gene control interact with

A) new polypeptide chains.
B) DNA.
C) RNA.
D) final proteins.
E) all of these.

Question 15

Which of the following causes DNA to wrap tightly around histones essentially preventing transcription?

A) methylation
B) acetyl CoA
C) nitrogenation
D) dehydration
E) carbonation

Question 16

The products of genes that are switched on in specific tissues at specific stages of development affect mainly

A) gene replication.
B) gene transcription.
C) mRNA transcript processing.
D) translation.
E) post-translational processing of proteins.

Question 17

Genes located in cells in different regions of the body during embryonic development may

A) be turned on and off.
B) never be turned on.
C) be turned on and left on.
D) be activated for only a short time in one cell and a long time in another cell.
E) do all of these.

Question 18

A radical mastectomy involves the removal of

A) any breast tumor.
B) a benign breast tumor.
C) a malignant breast tumor.
D) a breast, all lymph nodes under the arm, and skeletal muscles in the chest wall under the breast.
E) both breasts.

Question 19

Adding acetyl groups makes genes accessible to transcription by

A) increasing the pH of the cell.
B) making histones loosen their grip on the DNA molecule.
C) modifying the nucleotides of the promoter region of the DNA molecule.
D) enhancing the activity of RNA polymerase.
E) enhancing the development of a DNA-RNA hybrid.

Question 20

When cells stop responding to normal controls over growth and division they

A) begin to form a tumor.
B) produce a malignancy.
C) start to die.
D) kill surrounding cells.
E) produce scar tissue.

Question 21

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The prokaryote operon model explains gene regulation at the level of

A) replication.
B) transcription.
C) transcript processing.
D) transcript transport.
E) translation.

Question 22

A gene can be silenced by the addition of what to a nucleotide?

A) -CH₃
B) -COOH
C) -OH
D) -NH₂
E) -PO₄^-3

Question 23

A mammalian female's

A) cells usually have multiple Barr bodies.
B) body is a mosaic for the X-linked traits she inherits.
C) Barr bodies are active in some cells.
D) Barr bodies are produced after puberty.
E) X-linked recessive genes are always expressed because of the deactivation of an X chromosome in each cell.

Question 24

The obvious advantage of the lactose operon is that

A) it allows bacteria to survive in the presence of lactose.
B) lactose-metabolizing enzymes need not be made when lactose is not present.
C) it enables bacteria to make lactose only in the presence of the proper enzymes.
D) it negates the need for milk in the diet of adult humans.
E) it enables glucose to substitute for lactose in the diet of lactose intolerant persons.

Question 25

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
histone

Question 26

Mutation of the A group gene in Arabidopsis thaliana affects development in its flower's

A) first whorl only.
B) second whorl only.
C) third whorl only.
D) first and second whorls.
E) second and third whorls.

Question 27

Which of the following accounts for the negative control of operons?

A) promoters
B) repressors
C) structural genes
D) operators
E) all of these

Question 28

In prokaryotes, most of the control of gene expression is at the ____ level.

A) transcriptional
B) transcript processing
C) transport
D) translational
E) post-translational

Question 29

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
Barr body

Question 30

Mutation of the C group gene in Arabidopsis thaliana produces flowers that

A) are sterile.
B) have no carpels.
C) have no stamens.
D) have a profusion of petals.
E) are all of these.

Question 31

Mutation of the B group gene in Arabidopsis thaliana affects development in its flower's

A) first whorl only.
B) second whorl only.
C) third whorl only.
D) first and second whorls.
E) second and third whorls.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is false concerning X chromosome inactivation?

A) It is an accident of evolution.
B) It is an example of dosage compensation.
C) It is a gene control mechanism.
D) Normal development of female embryos
Depends on it.
E) It does not occur in males.

Question 33

In the ABC model of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana, sepals form when gene(s) ____ is(are) switched on.

A) A
B) A and B
C) B and C
D) C
E) A and B and C

Question 34

The following questions refer to the figure above.
The figure illustrates

A) repression of the lactose operon.
B) promotion of the lactose operon.
C) formation of a repressor molecule.
D) attachment of lactose to DNA.
E) all of these.

Question 35

Repressor proteins

A) prevent binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.
B) cause the DNA regions that contain the operator to twist or loop.
C) inactivate operon genes when their products are not required.
D) bind to sets of operators.
E) do all of these.

Question 36

Which of the following is the binding site for RNA polymerase on the DNA molecule?

A) structural gene 1
B) repressor gene
C) promoter sequence
D) operator sequence
E) region between an operator and the first structural gene

Question 37

The mosaic effect of X inactivation in human females can be observed in

A) skin color.
B) hair color.
C) fingernails.
D) distribution of sweat glands.
E) all of these.

Question 38

A low number of methyl groups is associated with:

A) cancer.
B) famine.
C) chemicals in cigarette smoke.
D) cancer and famine.
E) all of these.

Question 39

The promotion of the lactose operon in bacteria is

A) activated by a repressor protein.
B) independent of glucose concentration.
C) activated by t lactose binding.
D) regulated by RNA polymerase.
E) none of these.

Question 40

Repressors

A) bind to operators.
B) lie between operators.
C) lie between promoters.
D) lie after operators.
E) are part of an operon.

Question 41

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
homeotic genes

Question 42

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
The __________ governs expression of three genes active in lactose metabolism.

Question 43

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
Knockout experiments involving __________ genes in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) revealed local controls over gene expression.

Question 44

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
post-translational control

Question 45

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
repressor protein

Question 46

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
transport control

Question 47

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
enhancer

Question 48

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
This item codes for the production of a repressor.

Question 49

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
As cell lineages use varying subsets of genes during development, they become specialized through a process called __________.

Question 50

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
A repressor protein can shut down transcription by binding to this item.

Question 51

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
BRCA1

Question 52

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
control over enzyme activity

Question 53

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
promoter

Question 54

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
The product of this item can inactivate a gene.

Question 55

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
transcriptional control

Question 56

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
This item contains regulator, promoter, and operator regions.

Question 57

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
oncogene

Question 58

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a.a condensed X chromosome
b.protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c.attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d.portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e.gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f.genes controlling the development of the body plan
g.the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h.binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
transcript processing

Question 59

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
In female mammals, most genes on one of the two X chromosomes are permanently inaccessible, and this phenomenon is called __________.

Question 60

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
When the repressor is inactivated, RNA polymerase can bind to this item and allow transcription to occur.

Question 61

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
Why is SRY considered to be a master gene?

Question 62

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
A mythical mutation is in fruit flies is called hairless gene.What would you suspect the homeotic gene is in control of?

Question 63

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
What is the most efficient way to regulate gene expression from the perspective of cellular resources?

Question 64

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.operon
b.operator
c.promoter
d.lactose
e.regulator gene
Explain why grandsons of boys who survived a famine lived longer than grandsons of boys who did not experience the famine?