Deck 11: How Cells Reproduce

Question 1

The unique feature of HeLa cells that make them important for research is that

A) they are identical to all other human cells.
B) they are immortal cells and will grow in culture.
C) they are limited in growth cycles.
D) they are like stem cells.
E) all of these make them important.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The interval before the onset of DNA replication is called

A) the G₁ stage.
B) the G₂ stage.
C) the M stage.
D) the S stage.
E) all of these stages.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is

A) one.
B) undetermined.
C) half that of an unduplicated chromosome.
D) two.
E) four.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Homologous chromosomes do not have the same:

A) length.
B) shape.
C) genes.
D) number.
E) They have all of these.

Question 5

Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

A) spore formation
B) somatic cells
C) sexual reproduction
D) sperm and egg
E) germ cells

Question 6

HeLa cells have been used in research to

A) identify viral strains.
B) investigate cancer.
C) study the effects of radiation on cells.
D) develop tissue culture techniques that produced a polio vaccine.
E) all of these.

Question 7

Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?

A) M
B) D
C) G₁
D) G₂
E) S

Question 8

Chromosomes and genes are replicated during

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) interphase.
D) prophase.
E) telophase.

Question 9

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) 64
B) 32
C) 16
D) 8
E) 4

Question 10

Which process is absolutely necessary for asexual cellular reproduction to occur in eukaryotes?

A) prokaryotic fission
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis
E) growth factor activation

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of the results of mitosis?

A) a pair of identical twins
B) a group of rooted plant cuttings from a single plant
C) the cells produced by the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism
D) production of a gamete
E) healing of a wound

Question 12

Which of the following four statements is NOT true?

A) The location of the centromere is unique for each chromosome.
B) Some spindle fibers become attached to kinetochores.
C) The spindle apparatus is composed of protein molecules of tubulin.
D) Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator.
E) All of these are NOT true.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.
B) Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.
C) If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.
D) The sister chromosomes are not identical due to breakages in the DNA.
E) All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.

Question 14

The above figure reveals which of the following about the organism that it was obtained from?

A) Genes present
B) Age
C) Deceased or living
D) Total number of genes
E) Number of homologous pairs

Question 15

Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the

A) nucleus.
B) cytoplasm.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleus and chromosomes.
E) nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.

Question 16

The figure above represents

A) a chromosome in the G1 phase of interphase.
B) two chromosomes in metaphase plate.
C) an original chromosome with a duplicate.
D) the entire genome of the organism.
E) none of these.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds.
B) Cell division in an adult signifies cancer.
C) Some specific cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.
D) Growth continues throughout the life of an adult human.
E) All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.

Question 18

DNA replication occurs

A) between the gap phases of interphase.
B) immediately before prophase of mitosis.
C) during prophase of mitosis.
D) during prophase of meiosis.
E) at any time during cell division.

Question 19

The spindle apparatus is composed of

A) Golgi bodies.
B) microtubules.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoprotein.
E) chromatids.

Question 20

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

A) Mother
B) Daughter
C) Sister
D) Programmed
E) either mother or daughter

Question 21

Dolly, the cloned sheep, had telomeres that:

A) Were unusually short.
B) Were unusually long.
C) Got longer with each cell division.
D) Did not change in length.
E) Perfectly normal.

Question 22

When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division, they form a tissue mass known as a

A) metastasis.
B) malignancy.
C) tumor.
D) carcinogen.
E) nucleosome.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Checkpoint gene products that inhibit mitosis are called proto-oncogenes.
B) Metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into normal tissue.
C) Malignant tumors differ from benign tumors in that their cells migrate.
D) Cancer cells have lost the ability to stop dividing.
E) The parent cell that started a cancer may have undergone a checkpoint gene mutation.

Question 24

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves all EXCEPT

A) formation of a cell plate.
B) a contractile ring mechanism.
C) a deepening cleavage furrow.
D) a ring of actin filaments under the plasma membrane at the equator.
E) ATP.

Question 25

Cancer cells

A) have altered plasma membranes.
B) have a lessened ability to attach to other cells.
C) divide to produce high densities of cells.
D) show an amplified reliance on glycolysis.
E) exhibit all of these.

Question 26

Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means

A) divide.
B) grow.
C) swell.
D) thread.
E) shrink.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true about the enzyme telomerase?

A) It can re-establish telomere length.
B) It is found in stem cells.
C) It is responsible for telomere shortening.
D) It may slow the aging process.
E) It is highly expressed in cancer cells.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Chromosomes do not pair during mitosis.
B) Genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase.
C) Each species has a specific number of chromosomes.
D) New nuclei are formed during telophase.
E) A diploid cell will produce two diploid daughter cells by mitosis.

Question 29

The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) interphase.
D) prophase.
E) telophase.

Question 30

In eukaryotic cells, which occurs during mitosis?

A) the duplication of chromatids
B) the replication of DNA
C) synapsis and crossing over
D) fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope
E) all of these

Question 31

The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) interphase.
D) prophase.
E) telophase.

Question 32

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during

A) prokaryotic fission.
B) mitosis.
C) meiosis.
D) cytokinesis.
E) karyokinesis.

Question 33

The illustration shows a cell in ____ of mitosis.

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) telophase

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of spindles?

A) They are permanent cell structures.
B) Centrosomes act as microtubule originating centers for spindles.
C) Some of their microtubules overlap at the cell equator.
D) Tubulin is the main component.
E) They are bipolar in their configuration.

Question 35

The nuclear membrane re-forms during

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) interphase.
D) prophase.
E) telophase.

Question 36

This illustration shows

A) cytoplasmic division in an animal cell.
B) a contractile ring mechanism.
C) how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.
D) cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and a contractile ring mechanism.
E) cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.

Question 37

Which characteristic seems to be most uniquely correlated with metastasis?

A) loss of nuclear-cytoplasmic controls governing cell growth and division
B) changes in adhesion proteins on membrane surfaces
C) shrinkage of the cytoskeleton
D) increase in blood supply to the tumor
E) none of these

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of telomeres?

A) The have the sequence TTAGGG.
B) They are at the ends of chromosomes.
C) Their sequence is actively transcribed.
D) They shorten by 100 bases with each round of cell replication.
E) They shorten from the action of DNA polymerase.

Question 39

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis? I.
Metaphase
II)
Telophase
III)
Prophase
IV)
Anaphase

A) I, III, IV, II
B) I, II, III, IV
C) III, I, IV, II
D) IV, I, III, II
E) III, IV, I, II

Question 40

When a cell undergoes mitosis,

A) the daughter cells have identical genes.
B) the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.
C) the amount of cytoplasm in the mother cell and in each of the daughter cells is equal.
D) there is an exact duplication and division of all of the organelles between daughter cells.
E) the daughter cells have identical genes, and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.

Question 41

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
chromatid

Question 42

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
centriole

Question 43

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
prophase

Question 44

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period in which metaphase occurs

Question 45

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period prior to mitosis

Question 46

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period of cell growth before DNA duplication

Question 47

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
metaphase

Question 48

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
telophase

Question 49

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
cytokinesis

Question 50

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period after DNA is duplicated

Question 51

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period commonly followed by cytokinesis

Question 52

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period of nuclear division

Question 53

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
microtubules

Question 54

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
event that forms two daughter cytoplasmic masses

Question 55

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate.

Question 56

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period when DNA is duplicated

Question 57

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
anaphase

Question 58

MATCHING
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a.cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b.final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c.two sister chromatids are joined here
d.chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e.chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f.sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g.about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h.half of a chromosome in prophase
i.in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
centromere

Question 59

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
last part of interphase in the parent cell (i.e.when the cell is no longer in interphase)

Question 60

Classification.The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle.Select the single BEST choice for each phrase.
a.G₂
b.mitosis
c.S
d.G₁
e.cytokinesis
period when interphase begins in a daughter cell

Question 61

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Sister chromatids joined at their centromeres are attached to spindle fibers.

Question 62

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Centromeres break apart as the separated sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles.

Question 63

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Daughter nuclear membranes form.

Question 64

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Chromosomes replicate.

Question 65

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
The microtubular spindle develops.

Question 66

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
A metaphase plate forms in both plant and animal cells and is when the chromosomes __________.

Question 67

Imagine a cell entered mitosis but was unable to make microtubules.What stage of mitosis would it be stuck in?

Question 68

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Condensation and shortening of chromosomes occurs.

Question 69

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
The contractile ring that works with animal cells could not work with plant cells because __________.

Question 70

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Genes replicate.

Question 71

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Cytokinesis occurs after this phase of mitosis.

Question 72

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
DNA replicates.

Question 73

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
The most common type of skin cancer is __________.

Question 74

During which state of the cell cycle would a cell contain the least total amount of DNA?

Question 75

How could telomerase inhibitors be used to treat cancer?

Question 76

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
Spindle fibers first appear.

Question 77

Classification.The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below.Select the correct phase for each of the following statements.
a.interphase
b.prophase
c.metaphase
d.anaphase
e.telophase
The bipolar spindle is composed of __________.