Deck 5: Work and Family

Question 1

A set of behaviors associated with a particular position in society is called a

A)role.
B)norm.
C)career.
D)life cycle.
E)station.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT noted by the textbook as a way to improve the fit between work and family?

A)repackaging jobs
B)work sharing
C)raising the minimum wage
D)block scheduling
E)flextime

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a flextime arrangement?

A)It allows parents of small children to get their children off to school in the morning.
B)It allows workers to work at their most productive hours.
C)It relieves traffic congestion at rush hour.
D)It reduces competition at the workplace.
E)It reduces traffic congestion.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these households is most likely to experience poverty?

A)a single-parent household
B)a commuter marriage
C)a retired couple
D)a young couple with children
E)a single adult

Question 5

Entry-port jobs are

A)jobs that circumvent the job ladder of a company.
B)jobs that only college-educated workers may hold.
C)jobs in the town from which sailors set out.
D)jobs for which a company hires other than its own workers.
E)dead-end jobs.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of the family life cycle?

A)It is independent of an individual's life cycle.
B)There are stages of formation, growth and dissolution.
C)It is marked by important events such as marriages, births and retirements.
D)Its conceptual basis is the nuclear family.
E)The empty nest is one of its stages.

Question 7

Dead-end jobs are characterized by

A)full-time jobs with fringe benefits.
B)a high-quality pool of workers.
C)relatively low skill requirements and high turnover.
D)ending a person's work career.
E)employers who will not write letters of recommendation.

Question 8

The "empty nest" refers to

A)one residence belonging to a commuter couple.
B)early retirement from work.
C)a stage in the family life cycle.
D)a working parent who has no time to sleep.
E)a child whose working parents are rarely home.

Question 9

The pattern of female labor force participation patterns across the life cycle before 1970 would be best represented by which of the following?

A)a "V shape"
B)an "M shape"
C)a "W shape"
D)an "S shape"
E)a "J shape"

Question 10

Formal on-the-job training is most likely to be provided to which type of employee?

A)high school drop-outs
B)men
C)members of minority groups
D)college graduates
E)blue-collar workers

Question 11

Which of the following is an increased cost associated with work sharing?

A)reduced worker productivity
B)increased fringe benefit expenses
C)greater labor costs
D)greater bookkeeping costs
E)increased safety risks

Question 12

Flextime, block scheduling, and work sharing are examples of

A)repackaging of jobs.
B)family-related fringe benefits.
C)the family life cycle.
D)the sequential life plan.
E)an orderly career.

Question 13

The income squeeze refers to

A)the difference between the average earnings of husbands and wives.
B)the difference between the average earnings of adult children and their parents.
C)the difference between the average earnings of new workers and experienced workers.
D)the difference between the income of workers and the needs of their aged parents.
E)the difference between increasing family expenses across the life cycle and relatively stable earnings.

Question 14

According to the text, the individual life cycle

A)refers only to one's career.
B)refers only to one's family relationships.
C)has social, economic, and psychological significance.
D)is unrelated to the family life cycle.
E)is of no concern to the employer.

Question 15

The sequential life plan

A)anticipates occasional sabbaticals.
B)anticipates many job changes during a career.
C)describes the normative role order.
D)does not include provisions for education.
E)does not include retirement.

Question 16

Lack of adult companionship for homemakers with young children.

A)1,2,3
B)1,3,4
C)1,2,4
D)2,3,4
E)1,2,3,4 (

Question 17

Job transfers may have negative effects on

A)young children of the workers.
B)non-working wives.
C)adolescent children of the workers.
D)employed spouses of the workers.
E)all of the above

Question 18

Federal law now requires the employers of fifty or more employees to provide:

A)pension plans.
B)unpaid family leave for up to twelve weeks.
C)paid family leave for six months.
D)retirement counseling.
E)on-site child care.

Question 19

A boundaryless career is one that has

A)no particular occupation.
B)a series of employers.
C)horizontal or lateral moves only.
D)only informal socialization.
E)no entry-port.

Question 20

Which of the following represents the correct ordering of the sequential life plan?

A)leisure, education, work
B)education, leisure, work
C)work, leisure, education
D)education, work, leisure
E)work, education, leisure

Question 21

A commuter marriage refers to one in which

A)the husband and wife work in different geographic areas.
B)the husband and wife both take mass transit to work.
C)the children take turns living with each parent.
D)one spouse commutes to work and the other stays home.
E)neither spouse has a stable job.

Question 22

The orderly career is most likely to be associated with

A)the cyclical life plan.
B)the sequential life plan.
C)maternity leaves.
D)unpaid home production.
E)work sharing.

Question 23

One reason that young adulthood is a difficult time of life is

A)older people are poor socialization agents.
B)only dead-end jobs are available to young people.
C)many life-cycle tasks are compressed into relatively few years.
D)schools do not offer appropriate training for work
E)there is too little on-the-job training.

Question 24

Marcie wants to be a fire fighter when she grows up.When she hears the siren of a fire engine, she pretends she is riding on it to fight a fire.For her birthday, her parents give her a fire fighter costume.This is an example of:

A)role conflict.
B)intergenerational mobility.
C)informal socialization.
D)formal socialization.
E)occupational inheritance.

Question 25

Gloria works overtime on her job two or three nights a week, and then rushes home to do laundry, cook dinner, and care for her two-year-old daughter.By the weekend, Gloria is exhausted and is probably experiencing

A)occupational steering.
B)role conflict.
C)role overload.
D)informal socialization.
E)early retirement.

Question 26

Higher levels of conflict between husband and wife are most likely to result from

A)flextime arrangements for both spouses.
B)on-site day care provided by the wife's employer.
C)high levels of intergenerational mobility compared with the parents' generation.
D)long hours of additional night and weekend work by one spouse.
E)a fair division of housework between husband and wife.

Question 27

Which of the following problems affects both retirees and homemakers?

A)few educational opportunities
B)few recreational opportunities
C)devaluation of unpaid work
D)lack of medical attention
E)boring daytime television

Question 28

Typically, a homemaker is called "displaced" following

A)her husband's unemployment.
B)her children's leaving for college or work.
C)a divorce
D)her husband's retirement.
E)her own illness.

Question 29

The most common form of child care for children aged six to thirteen is

A)on-site day care.
B)relative's home.
C)stay at home parent.
D)school.
E)hired nannies.

Question 30

Block scheduling may have the following disadvantage:

A)increased fringe benefits.
B)reduced worker morale.
C)increased payroll taxes.
D)increased tension in workers' homes.
E)worker fatigue and inefficiency.

Question 31

The evidence from Chapter 5 indicates that which of the following is a recent social trend?

A)an increase in occupational inheritance
B)a decline in the use of organized child care
C)an increase in women's paid labor force participation
D)a substantial increase in the amount of housework done by husbands
E)a reduction in the proportion of workers who take early retirement

Question 32

The change in the pattern of women's labor force participation by age after 1950 indicates

A)that men are less interested in working.
B)that women do less housework now.
C)that women are less likely to leave the labor force after the birth of a baby.
D)that women are bearing more children now than they did in 1950.
E)that maternity leave will not be an effective employment policy.

Question 33

Defined benefit and defined contribution are two forms of

A)retirement plans.
B)child-care plans.
C)unemployment benefits.
D)work sharing.
E)alternative cycles.

Question 34

Historically, preparation for retirement was

A)undertaken by the employer.
B)undertaken by the Social Security Administration.
C)solely the worker's responsibility.
D)done by the worker's adult children.
E)done in consultation with social workers.

Question 35

A cafeteria approach to fringe benefits has the following advantage:

A)it costs less than regular fringe benefits packages
B)workers will be more satisfied with dead-end jobs
C)different families can select different benefits
D)an employer with cafeteria benefits is exempt from the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
E)job repackaging is no longer needed

Question 36

Which of the following is part of the 'hidden curriculum' of the kindergarten?

A)learning to distinguish different colors
B)learning the letters of the alphabet
C)learning how to use a pencil properly
D)learning to count to one hundred
E)learning to raise one's hand before speaking

Question 37

Socialization

A)is typically completed by age 30.
B)rarely occurs outside school.
C)is rarely work-related.
D)is more or less continuous.
E)does not happen unless there is on-the-job training.

Question 38

If fringe benefits "tie" a worker to a particular company, then

A)the company will not be as likely to transfer the employee to another city.
B)the worker will be less likely to engage in volunteer work in the community.
C)the worker will be more likely to receive on-the-job training.
D)the worker will be participating in a cyclical life plan.
E)the worker will be less likely to move voluntarily to another job.

Question 39

Carlos is employed as an executive in City A.His wife, Jenny, works for a law firm in a City B.Because of the distance involved, Jenny stays in an apartment in City B during the week and comes home to City A on the weekends.Carlos and Jenny have a(n)

A)income squeeze.
B)empty nest.
C)commuter marriage.
D)boundaryless career.
E)entry port.

Question 40

A worker who aspires to an orderly career is most likely to avoid

A)occupational inheritance.
B)formal on-the-job training.
C)entry ports.
D)fringe benefits.
E)dead-end jobs.

Question 41

Home production would include all of the following EXCEPT

A)taking children to sports lessons.
B)buying groceries.
C)preparing meals.
D)washing laundry.
E)writing freelance articles for publication.

Question 42

Which of the following is a likely consequence of the increased labor force participation of wives?

A)boring daytime television
B)lower fertility
C)provision of benefits to displaced homemakers
D)increased mass transit to suburbs
E)changes in payroll accounting systems

Question 43

Changes in the composition of families and in the family life cycle are best accommodated by which of the following?

A)cafeteria fringe benefit plans
B)longer job ladders
C)a cyclical life plan
D)greater on-the-job training
E)commuter marriages

Question 44

A cyclical life plan might have which of the following features?

A)dead-end jobs, pensions, and socialized medicine
B)on-the-job training, entry ports, and early retirement
C)informal socialization, role conflict, and commuter marriages
D)sabbaticals, student internships, and longer paid vacations
E)occupational inheritance, career shifts, and greater age segregation

Question 45

Compared with Canada and Western Europe, the United States

A)has more formal socialization for work.
B)has fewer government-mandated benefits.
C)has fewer college-educated workers.
D)has higher unemployment rates.
E)has greater respect for homemakers.

Question 46

An important feature of the family leave law is that:

A)it does not cover men.
B)it does not cover adoption, only childbirth.
C)it does not cover the illness of a child already born.
D)it does not cover the illness of an elderly parent.
E)it does not require paid leave.