Deck 19: Criminal Activities of Gangs and Other Dangerous Groups

Question 1

One hypothesis to explain the relationship between gangs and crime is the facilitation model, which posits that:

A)gang membership promotes drug involvement, which in turn facilitates violence.
B)gangs attract members who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and their antisocial behaviors facilitate their acceptance into the gang.
C)gangs attract those who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and membership further facilitates their preexisting antisocial behavior.
D)gang membership promotes a way of life that promotes social stability.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What was the decision in the U.S.Supreme Court's 2003 case, Virginia v.Black?

A)It upheld all hate crime legislation.
B)It upheld a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute did not violate the First Amendment.
C)It struck down a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute violated the First Amendment.
D)It ruled that any hate crime legislation would always be too "broad," and thus unconstitutional.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The three-pronged approach to address the gang problem uses a balance of which three strategies?

A)intervention, motivation, and suppression
B)prevention, intervention, and suppression
C)intervention, transition, and motivation
D)penetration, suppression, and prevention

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Gangs may use to memorialize a deceased gang member.

A)colors
B)flagging
C)graffiti
D)mobbing

Question 5

What are the two most common defenses cited for gang members in court?

A)self-defense and following the orders of gang leadership
B)self-defense and being under the influence of alcohol/drugs
C)being under the influence of alcohol/drugs and racial discrimination on the part of the police
D)following the orders of gang leadership and racial discrimination on the part of the police

Question 6

In 2013, what percentage of known offenders involved in hate crimes was white?

A)7 percent
B)24 percent
C)52 percent
D)84 percent

Question 7

A special problem in investigating illegal activities of gangs is the multitude of suspects and the fact that:

A)most are juveniles.
B)witnesses are often unreliable or fearful.
C)courts have not upheld gang statutes.
D)gangs are interracial.

Question 8

The Southern Poverty Law Center is a(n):

A)watchdog organization for bias and hate crimes.
B)law group that lobbies for hate crime legislation.
C)law group that lobbies to protect freedom of speech.
D)antipolice advocacy and activism group.

Question 9

Which of the following is a common purpose of graffiti as used by gangs?

A)marking a gang's turf
B)disrespecting a family member
C)teaching new members hand signals
D)informing the general public that they exist

Question 10

The Crips are associated with:

A)green and yellow shirts.
B)blue or purple bandannas.
C)red or green colors.
D)black and gold scarves or rags.

Question 11

The most indicative sign that a youth may be in a gang is that he or she:

A)claims to be very fearful of youth known to be in gangs.
B)uses unusual hand signals to communicate with friends.
C)is particularly careful to avoid trouble with the police.
D)wears baggy jeans with underwear showing.

Question 12

Departments can use to assist in delivering accurate, timely information on gang activity to patrol officers.

A)CAD and RMS
B)Facebook
C)the LA-FI database
D)NRM

Question 13

Outlaw motorcycle gangs have become a major distributor of in the United States.

A)methamphetamine
B)heroin
C)marijuana
D)crack

Question 14

The majority of hate crimes are based on:

A)social class.
B)religion.
C)race.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 15

Incidents in which a large number of gang members rapidly congregate in a small area to commit crimes such as robberies are sometimes referred to as:

A)acts of intimidation.
B)mass migrations.
C)display crimes.
D)flash mobs.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of a street gang, as opposed to a drug gang?

A)small structure
B)loose leadership
C)controlled competition
D)narrow age range

Question 17

The gang member file cross-references the names of suspected gang members with the gang file.

A)roll call
B)indicator
C)pointer
D)preference

Question 18

Which of the following is one of the common reasons that people join gangs?

A)for a community relationship
B)the amount of money they have
C)gang involvement of family and friends
D)spousal relationship problems

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Although gang members have been found on domestic military installations, they are rarely found on international bases.
B)The transfers and deployments associated with military service have been used by gang members to expand their gang operations.
C)Gang members typically enlist in the military for the express purpose of furthering the goals of their gang rather than serving the country.
D)Because of their strong discipline and willingness to follow orders, gang members may be recruited for certain military activities.

Question 20

Which model has been used to explain the relationship between gangs and crime?

A)enhancement model
B)aggravation model
C)criminal model
D)professional model

Question 21

When dealing with gang members, it is important for officers to communicate their contempt for the individual and the gang.

Question 22

Investigators dealing with youths they suspect may be engaging in cult- related activities should inquire into which of the following?

A)the movies the youths watch
B)whether the youths have dabbled in astrology
C)whether the youths play with board games
D)whether the youths play with other children

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a cult discussed in the text?

A)Crips
B)666
C)Bloods
D)Branch Davidians

Question 24

Since 2000, the number of hate groups in the United States has increased by 30 percent.

Question 25

The threat of federal prison, especially one far distant from the member's home, has been shown to be an important deterrent of gang violence and is recognized as a valuable strategy for law enforcement to use in the war against gangs.

Question 26

A group often overlooked in discussions of hate crime is the homeless.

Question 27

Research has found minimal public support for harsher penalties for offenders who commit hate crimes in comparison to offenders who commit identical crimes with no biased motivation.

Question 28

The number of gangs in large cities ranges from 1,500 to 2,000.

Question 29

Occult groups have four levels of activity: dabbling, serious involvement, criminal involvement, and ascension to leadership.

Question 30

Programs that partner law enforcement with communities, schools, and parents have very little effect on the likelihood that youth will become involved in gangs.

Question 31

If you suspect ritualistic crime, which of these items should be included in any search warrant sought because of its association with cult-related activity?

A)the Book of Glooms
B)human anatomy texts
C)vandalized Christian artifacts
D)guns

Question 32

Gang members often refuse to use pleas of diminished capacity and self-defense because this runs counter to the value placed on masculinity and strength in most gangs.

Question 33

Hybrid gangs, a new generation of gangs, are singularly focused on making money from drugs, robberies, and prostitution.

Question 34

Which group may be associated with mutilated animals, grave robbery, and desecration of churches and human remains?

A)motorcycle gangs
B)stoner gangs
C)MS-13
D)Aryan Brotherhood

Question 35

The most important definitional criterion used by law enforcement agencies to identify gangs is the display of colors or other symbols.

Question 36

The defense of "diminished capacity" is one of the most common defense strategies used by gang members.

Question 37

Which of the following would be one of the signs of a ritualistic homicide?

A)missing personal items such as a wallet or watch
B)urine or human or animal feces smeared on body
C)handcuffs or other forms of restraint devices
D)missing clothing including shoes, socks, and underwear

Question 38

Research indicates that as a gang's organization increases, so does its level of criminal involvement.

Question 39

Black men in interracial relationships are one of the groups at highest risk for hate crime.

Question 40

High-ranking gang members are often able to exert their influence on the street from within prison.

Question 41

What are some of the special challenges involved in investigating illegal activities of gangs?

Question 42

The best sources of information on gang activities are _______________ members, who are more likely to be cooperative with the police than hard-core members.

Question 43

A(n) _______________ of Satanism often incorporates religious articles stolen from churches.

Question 44

Outline the ways that gangs are currently classified.

Question 45

In a cult, the color _______________ may stand for energy, sexuality, or physical life.

Question 46

_______________ is usually highly artistic and very detailed.

Question 47

Cases of ritualistic homicide may be dismissed in court because juries disbelieve seemingly outlandish charges of Satanism and human sacrifice.

Question 48

Magick can be described as a prescribed form of religious or mystical ceremony.

Question 49

A(n) _______________ crime is a crime committed within the context of a ceremony.

Question 50

Occult murders often involve stabbings or cuttings of cult members or former members.

Question 51

Gangs are now sending members across the country and into the nation's heartland to take advantage of new territory, diminished from other gangs, and law enforcement agencies with less experience in dealing with gang activity.

Question 52

The gang member file should include both the individual's or street name and the individual's
legal name.

Question 53

A(n) _______________ involves behaviors that, although motivated by bias, are not criminal acts.

Question 54

______A(n) is a verbal spell.

Question 55

Charles Manson and David Berkowitz, both serial murderers, have been shown to have had links to Satanism.

Question 56

List and briefly discuss the kinds of records investigators should keep on gangs and gang members.

Question 57

A new breed of increasingly violent street gangs appearing through the country is _______________ gangs, whose members are generally young and particularly profit driven.

Question 58

How can officers identify gang members? What are some of the indicators?

Question 59

Individuals involved in the occult are typically imaginative overachievers who possess high self-esteem.

Question 60

Indicate whether gang activity is increasing or decreasing, and describe why this is difficult to determine.

Question 61

Describe the two defense strategies that are commonly used by gang members.What specifically should investigators document to aid the prosecution, and why?

Question 62

Outline what a cult is and what factors to be aware of when investigating cult activities.

Question 63

Describe the difference between a hate crime and a hate incident.

Question 64

What are some of the legislative challenges to hate or bias crimes?

Question 65

Discuss the various strategies currently in use by communities that are working to suppress gang activity and violence.

Question 66

What are the special challenges involved in investigating ritualistic crimes?

Question 67

Describe bias and hate crimes and what motivates the offenders.

Question 68

Describe three possible signs that a homicide is ritualistic.

Question 69

Give some examples of variables that affect whether agencies report hate crimes.

Question 70

List the types of ritualistic crimes that investigators should be aware of.