Deck 5: Forensics Physical Evidence

Question 1

Laboratory examination of ____ under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is still considered a reliable analysis method, although enhancements in technology have been necessary.

A)gunshot residue (GSR)
B)DNA
C)fingerprints
D)retinal scans

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most frequently located type of microscopic evidence is:

A)skin cells.
B)hair.
C)saliva droplets.
D)fibers.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When evidence is no longer needed, it is:

A)typically auctioned off.
B)destroyed under all circumstances.
C)always returned to the owner.
D)auctioned off, returned to the owner, or destroyed.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A way of folding paper so that evidence does not fall out is referred as a:

A)druggist hold.
B)druggist fold.
C)dime bag.
D)doper bag.

Question 5

A genetic fingerprint is obtained from a suspect's:

A)finger.
B)DNA.
C)hair.
D)eye color.

Question 6

Integrity of evidence refers to the requirement that any item introduced in court must be in the same condition as when it was found at the crime scene.This is documented by the chain of evidence, also referred to as the

A)missing link.
B)chain of custody.
C)chain of truth.
D)integrity of evidence.

Question 7

The size and shape of chips and wear patterns in the blade of a screwdriver are characteristics.

A)individual
B)group
C)class
D)unidentifiable

Question 8

What type of evidence forms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and effective influence on the decision of the case?

A)circumstantial
B)material
C)exculpatory
D)in flagrante delicto

Question 9

AFIS stands for:

A)automated fingerprint issuing society.
B)automatic fingerprint intake system.
C)automatic fiber identification system.
D)automated fingerprint identification system.

Question 10

Powders, Magnabrush techniques, laser technology, gelatin lifters, and cyanoacrylate are all used to process which type of evidence?

A)petechiae
B)adipocere
C)fingerprints
D)cadavers

Question 11

What type of evidence has been properly collected, identified, filed, and continuously secured?

A)relevant
B)competent
C)material
D)exculpatory

Question 12

The number one mistake officers make in processing fingerprints with powder is:

A)overprocessing fingerprints.
B)misidentifying fingerprints.
C)sneezing and destroying the print.
D)selecting the wrong powder.

Question 13

The types of prints taken of persons with reason to be at the crime scene location are referred to as:

A)illusionary fingerprints.
B)expectoratory fingerprints.
C)elimination fingerprints.
D)illuminating fingerprints.

Question 14

DNA profiling can be done using:

A)blood only.
B)fingerprints only.
C)skin or hair cells only.
D)cells from almost any part of the body.

Question 15

What evidence can indicate whether a person is running, lost, or carrying something heavy?

A)fingerprints
B)DNA
C)shoeprints
D)blood spatter

Question 16

Evidence disposal can occur:

A)discontinuously.
B)at any time.
C)after approval is received.
D)annually.

Question 17

When evidence is collected, an officer should record in his or her notes the:

A)time the item was found and the disposition.
B)time and date the item was found.
C)time, date, and location the item was found.
D)time, date, and location the item was found; the individual who found it; the case number; a description of the item; and who took it into custody.

Question 18

In the examination of objects of physical evidence, class characteristics are important because they can:

A)place an item into a specific category.
B)distinguish one item from another.
C)be used to trace the item to its manufacturer.
D)define how the object was used by an individual.

Question 19

Hair analysis can reveal all but which of the following?

A)which part of the body the hair came from
B)the presence of drugs or poisons and consumer chemicals
C)age and gender
D)whether it belongs to an animal or human

Question 20

Ultraviolet light is good for finding:

A)trace evidence such as semen or fibers.
B)bullet trajectories.
C)paint or glass.
D)tire tracks.

Question 21

Fingerprints indicate:

A)age.
B)race.
C)gender.
D)identity.

Question 22

Investigators have used lip prints and lip impressions to solve cases.

Question 23

Before, during, and after its examination, evidence must be securely protected and properly stored.However, once it is ready for court, there are no issues regarding how it is stored.

Question 24

DNA testing is expensive and takes a lot of time.Because of this, laboratories require that:

A)samples be submitted for both the suspect and the victim.
B)sufficient material be dispersed.
C)the evidence be refuting.
D)the evidence be properly maintained.

Question 25

Evidence may be placed in any type of container, as long as it does not touch other evidence.

Question 26

Having equipment available for evidence processing is important, but having been trained in the use of the equipment is more important.

Question 27

During the search of a crime scene, it is easy to tell which items are evidence; the primary difficulty is in collecting the items.

Question 28

Which term refers to the spiral pattern cut down the length of a firearm's barrel?

A)rifling
B)bore
C)lands
D)caliber markings

Question 29

Fingerprints are a type of evidence that requires a standard of comparison.

Question 30

To simplify testimony in court, it is practical to have one officer collect the item of evidence and another take notes.

Question 31

Automating evidence storage can prevent many problems.

Question 32

Evidence must be legally disposed of to prevent major storage problems.

Question 33

Which technique is recommended for developing latent fingerprints on unpainted wood, paper, cardboard, or other absorbent surfaces?

A)iodine fuming
B)sakaguchi method
C)powders
D)thermal potassium

Question 34

This type of fingerprint, which is not readily visible, consists of impressions of the ridges of the fingers, transferred to other surfaces by sweat on the ridges of the fingers or because the fingers carry residue of oil, blood, dirt, or another substance.These prints are referred to as:

A)ten-print fingerprints.
B)latent prints.
C)ID-match prints.
D)comparison prints.

Question 35

Locard's exchange principle states that a criminal always removes something from the crime scene or leaves behind incriminating evidence.

Question 36

Investigators should powder and lift every fingerprint they discover.

Question 37

Different-colored fingerprint powder can be used when dusting for prints.

Question 38

Latent prints have been collected from human skin.

Question 39

A mobile crime lab is usually a commercially customized office that provides compartments to hold equipment and countertops for processing evidence.

Question 40

Probability serves no purpose in evidence; the lab must determine whether or not the evidence exactly matches the standard of comparison.

Question 41

Describe the basic types of equipment that a department would need to process a crime scene.

Question 42

DNA is extremely durable and generally unaffected by heat, sunlight, moisture, bacteria, or mold.

Question 43

How should an investigator avoid contaminating evidence?

Question 44

Fingerprints are clear and _____________ evidence of a person's identity.

Question 45

A(n) _____________ of comparison is an object, measure, or model with which evidence is compared to determine whether both came from the same source.

Question 46

The type of evidence that links a suspect with a crime and is often found in fingerprints, footprints, bloodstains, hairs, and fibers is called evidence.

Question 47

The largest failure in gathering evidence is not the equipment available, but the lack of _____________ in using it effectively.

Question 48

When would an investigator make use of an ultraviolet light?

Question 49

Explain the difference between competent, material, and relevant evidence.

Question 50

A tool _____________ is an impression left by a tool on a surface.

Question 51

Once evidence is discovered, photographed, and sketched, it is ready for collecting.How could you collect several different items in order to best avoid cross-contamination?

Question 52

The small lines on the palm side at the end of every human finger, which provide just enough roughness to help fingers retain objects, are known as _____________ ridges.

Question 53

Typewritten materials are not as traceable as handwritten ones.

Question 54

Hairs are far more distinguishable than fibers.

Question 55

To determine what the evidence is, first consider the apparent _____________.

Question 56

Deoxyribonucleic acid is an organic substance contained in a cell's nucleus.

Question 57

For laboratories to process DNA evidence, the evidence must be _____________; that is, tending to prove guilt or innocence.

Question 58

When collecting evidence, take extreme care to prevent different pieces of evidence from touching each other, which can lead to _____________ contamination.

Question 59

In collecting hair samples, attempt to obtain 25 to 50 full hairs from the appropriate part of the suspect's body for
_____________ purposes.

Question 60

Blood can be identified as animal or human.

Question 61

Describe the three different types of fingerprints and explain the process of identifying and preserving each type.

Question 62

What can the examination of human skeletal remains contribute to an investigation?

Question 63

Discuss the difference between individual and class characteristics.

Question 64

Describe the type of evidence that might be found at the scene of a hit-and-run.How should this evidence be collected?

Question 65

Discuss how language analysis can contribute to an investigation.

Question 66

Why did the jury seem to disregard the DNA evidence in the O.J.Simpson case, and what suggestions do you have for avoiding such problems?

Question 67

List and describe the evidence that would be most helpful in showing that a specific person was at a scene.

Question 68

Why is the quality of a rolled fingerprint important?

Question 69

How is it possible to collect scent from a crime scene?