Deck 7: Why Are There Gangs

Question 1

All are elements of Maslow's hierarchy of needs except:

A) Physical
B) Safety
C) Love
D) Self esteem
E) Money

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Strain theory states that when these basic needs are not met, crime occurs.

A) Money and personal attachment
B) Culture and social structure
C) Societal organization and government control
D) Neighborhood organization and community involvement

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When talking about deterrence and we want to discourage general behavior we are said to be using __________ deterrence.

A) General
B) Specific
C) Anomie
D) Intense

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Labeling theory focuses on 3 interrelated processes, which is not one of the processes.

A) How and why certain behaviors are criminal or deviant
B) The response to crime or deviance by the authorities
C) The effects of such definitions and official reactions to those being labeled
D) The relationship between those labeled and the social environment in which they live

Question 5

Which is the best definition of a Marxist theory?

A) Criminal behavior is learned via interaction with others
B) People freely choose to commit crime based on self interest
C) Crime stems from community characteristics such as poverty
D) Gangs are products of social inequality brought on by capitalism

Question 6

Which theory states that gangs exist because the community in which they exist has values in contrast to middle class society?

A) Conflict
B) Cultural Deviance
C) Strain
D) Control

Question 7

The essence of social control theory is:

A) The absence of social control accounts for delinquency
B) The absence of community standards accounts for delinquency
C) The absence of guardians accounts for delinquency
D) The influence of deviance accounts for delinquency

Question 8

Robert Merton borrowed the term "Anomie" from:

A) Emile Durkheim
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Edwin Sotherland
D) Edmond Lockard

Question 9

In which social theory do individuals freely commit crime based on self-interest?

A) Conflict
B) Labeling
C) Learning
D) Rational Choice

Question 10

The theory of differential association was developed by:

A) Karl Marx
B) Cloward Ohlin
C) Cesare Beccaria
D) Edwin Sutherland

Question 11

Cesare Lombroso wrote essays on crime and punishment.

Question 12

Which classical theorist was a major influence during the period of enlightenment?

A) Lombroso
B) Beccaria
C) Sutherland
D) Lockhard

Question 13

When delinquency is learned via association with others we say this is an example of:

A) Rational choice theory
B) Labeling theory
C) Learning theory
D) Cultural deviance theory

Question 14

All are core values of the "American Dream" according to the text except:

A) Achievement
B) Individualism
C) Fetish of money
D) Free speech

Question 15

Ration choice theory is product of what school of theory?

A) Classical
B) Biological
C) Psychological
D) Social

Question 16

Merton identified modes of adaptation. Which is not one of Merton's modes of adaptation?

A) Rebellion
B) Retreatism
C) Conformity
D) Bonding

Question 17

Which is not an element of Park & Burgess's concentric zone model?

A) Central business district
B) Transition zone
C) Housing project zone
D) Commuter zone

Question 18

Who took a variation of strain theory and created "differential opportunity structure"?

A) Park & Burgess
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Cloward & Ohlin
D) Karl Marx

Question 19

When deviance takes on self-identifying features, this is known as:

A) Primary deviance
B) Labeling
C) Secondary deviance
D) Social control

Question 20

Utilitarianism in its simplest form is:

A) The severity of the punishment
B) The intensity of the punishment
C) The practicality of the punishment
D) The humility involved with the punishment

Question 21

The essence of ________________ is that the weakening, breakdown, or absence of effective social control accounts for delinquency.

Question 22

One of the key ideas of the social ecology of crime is the fact that high rates of crime and other problems persist within the same neighborhoods over long periods of time regardless of who lives there.

Question 23

One of the earliest variations of social learning theory as it applies to delinquency was the theory of ______________________originally developed by Edwin Sutherland.

Question 24

There is no connection between gangs and Maslow's hierarchy of needs according to the text.

Question 25

The idea of mapmaking and the more general notion that crime is spatially distributed within a geographical area became one of the hallmarks of what came to be known as the ______________________ of sociology.

Question 26

Primary deviance includes acts that the perpetrator and/ or others consider alien (i.e., not indicative, incidental) to one's true identity or character.

Question 27

According to Cloward and Ohlin, criminal gangs are primarily focused on involvement of violent behavior.

Question 28

According to social control theory, delinquency exist when a youth's bonds or ties to society are week or broken.

Question 29

Strain theory originated with Robert Merton, who borrowed the term anomie from the nineteenth-century French sociologist Émile Durkheim and applied it to the problem of crime in America.

Question 30

Describe Cohen's cultural deviance of the gang.

Question 31

What is strain theory? Describe the origin and its relationship to gangs.

Question 32

The Chicago school in well known for work in sociology and its relation to crime and deviance.

Question 33

The _____________________ (also known as the societal reaction perspective) does not address in any direct way the causes of criminal/deviant behavior but rather focuses on three interrelated processes.

Question 34

The essence of control theory (sometimes called social bond theory) is that the weakening, breakdown, or absence of effective social control accounts for delinquency.

Question 35

The classical school is based on that criminal behavior is of free will.

Question 36

Identify the 7 key points of social disorganization theory and briefly describe each.

Question 37

One of the most important ideas originating from these Chicago sociologists (specifically Robert Park and Ernest Burgess) was the ____________________ model of city life.