Deck 22: Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates

Question 1

The first stage of catabolism is

A)digestion of large molecules.
B)the citric acid cycle.
C)production of acetyl CoA.
D)production of pyruvate.
E)buildup of macromolecules from monomers.

Answer 1

digestion of large molecules.

Question 2

participates in reactions that produce

A) a group.
B) a bond.
C) ADP from ATP.
D) phosphorylation.
E) a bond.

Answer 2

a bond.

Question 3

What coenzyme is used in the following reaction?

A)
B) NADH
C)
D) FAD
E) FMN

Answer 3

FAD

Question 4

Which coenzyme is used in the following reaction?

A)
B) FMN
C) NADH
D) FAD
E)

Question 5

The hydrolysis of ADP to give AMP and releases approximately the same amount of energy as

A)
B) glucose oxidation.
C) sucrose breakdown.
D) protein digestion.
E) glycogen production.

Question 6

NAD+ stands for the coenzyme

A)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
B)niacin adenine dinucleotide.
C)nicotinic acid diphosphate.
D)nicotine adenosine dinucleotide.
E)nicotinamide diphosphate.

Question 7

Overall, catabolic reactions

A)occur outside the cell membrane.
B)take in energy.
C)occur mainly in the liver.
D)release energy.
E)take place in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT require energy from ATP hydrolysis?

A)transport across cell membranes
B)muscle contraction
C)synthesis of an enzyme
D)sending nerve signals
E)digestion

Question 9

The main compound used to release energy for metabolism is

A)adenosine triphosphate.
B)NAD+.
C)sucrose.
D)glucose phosphate.
E)ribonucleic acid.

Question 10

Anabolic reactions are reactions that

A)use energy.
B)take place in the mitochondria.
C)use oxidation but not reduction.
D)give off energy.
E)break down large molecules into smaller ones.

Question 11

The metabolic reactions that build new molecules in the cell are classified as

A)metabolic.
B)anabolic.
C)transamination.
D)catabolic.
E)glycolytic.

Question 12

The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is

A)7.3 kcal/mole.
B)31 kcal/mole.
C)10. kcal/mole.
D)73 kcal/mole.
E)4.0 kcal/mole.

Question 13

The symbol Pi stands for an

A)irreversible phosphorylation.
B)inorganic phosphate group.
C)inert pyrophosphate group.
D)insoluble phosphate group
E)isomers of phosphate group.

Question 14

In biochemical systems, the term reduction often refers to

A)a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound.
B)a loss of hydrogen or electrons by a compound.
C)a loss of electrons.
D)a gain in oxygen.
E)an energy-releasing reaction.

Question 15

How many main stages of catabolism are there?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 16

The process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones for the body's use is called

A)catabolism.
B)glucogenesis.
C)gluconeogenesis.
D)metabolism.
E)anabolism.

Question 17

Protein synthesis takes place

A)in the nucleus.
B)on the ribosomes.
C)on the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)in the cytosol.
E)in the mitochondria.

Question 18

The middle stage of catabolism is the point at which

A)macromolecules are made from monomers.
B)glycogen is converted to glucose.
C)acetyl CoA is produced.
D)excess nutrients are stored as fats.
E)monomers are produced from macromolecules.

Question 19

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is

A)endothermic.
B)a reduction.
C)exothermic.
D)isothermic.
E)an oxidation.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true for eukaryotic cells?

A)They have cell membranes.
B)They contain cytosol, where cell reactions take place.
C)They do not contain a nucleus.
D)They are found in animals.
E)They contain mitochondria.

Question 21

Glycolysis is a(n)________ process.

A)anaerobic
B)one-step
C)aerobic
D)anabolic
E)five-step

Question 22

An acyl group contains at least ________ carbon atom(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 23

Digestion of carbohydrates ends in the

A)mouth.
B)small intestine.
C)large intestine.
D)stomach.
E)pancreas.

Question 24

Which of the following metabolic pathways can occur in the absence of oxygen?

A)citric acid cycle
B)oxidative phosphorylation
C)β-oxidation
D)electron transport
E)glycolysis

Question 25

In the process of glycolysis, glucose is converted to

A)oxaloacetate.
B)pyruvate.
C)ribose.
D)sucrose.
E)citrate.

Question 26

In step 7 of glycolysis, ATP is generated from ADP in a process known as

A)phosphate transfer.
B)transamination.
C)reduction.
D)oxidative phosphorylation.
E)oxidation.

Question 27

Coenzyme A is a molecule whose function is to

A)undergo phosphorylation.
B)activate enzyme A.
C)provide energy for the citric acid cycle.
D)prepare acyl groups for reaction.
E)help break down macromolecules.

Question 28

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be converted to

A)fructose-6-phosphate.
B)glucose-6-phosphate.
C)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
D)lactic acid.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 29

The digestion of carbohydrates goes from

A)glucose to dextrins to maltose.
B)polysaccharides to glucose to dextrins.
C)polysaccharides to dextrins to glucose.
D)maltose to polysaccharides.
E)glucose to polysaccharides.

Question 30

When one glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis it generates

A)12 ATP.
B)6 ATP and 2 NADH.
C)2 ATP and 4 NADH.
D)2 ATP and 2 NADH.
E)6 ATP.

Question 31

The overall process of glycolysis

A)is an anabolic pathway.
B)produces 2 ATP molecules.
C)uses up 4 ATP molecules.
D)requires acetyl CoA.
E)requires oxygen.

Question 32

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate produces

A) acetyl CoA.
B)
C) ethanol.
D) carbon dioxide.
E) ethanal.

Question 33

FAD is a coenzyme which usually participates in

A) oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes.
B) decarboxylation reactions.
C) phosphorylation reactions.
D) formation of carbon-carbon double bonds.
E)

Question 34

Under conditions of fermentation, pyruvate produces

A)acetyl CoA.
B)glucose.
C)FAD.
D)carbon monoxide.
E)ethanol.

Question 35

The compounds formed when fructose-1, 6-diphosphate is split are

A)pyruvic acid and lactic acid.
B)dihydroxyacetone phosphate and pyruvic acid.
C)ethanol and acetyl CoA.
D)glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvic acid.
E)dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Question 36

An enzyme that can facilitate the breakdown of starch into smaller units is

A)alcohol dehydrogenase.
B)glucose phosphatase.
C)amylase.
D)lactase.
E)maltase.

Question 37

Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the

A)mouth.
B)small intestine.
C)large intestine.
D)stomach.
E)pancreas.

Question 38

FAD stands for

A)folic acid diphosphate.
B)flavin adenine dinucleotide.
C)folate adenosine diphosphate.
D)flavin adenosine dinucleotide.
E)fumarate alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 39

The portion of coenzyme A that reacts with potential substrates is

A) a group.
B) an alcohol group.
C) an acid group.
D) a thiol group.
E) an amino group.

Question 40

Under anaerobic conditions, lactate is produced from

A)pyruvate.
B)ATP.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)NAD+.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 41

When glucose is made from noncarbohydrate sources, the process is called

A)gluconeogenesis.
B)lactate production.
C)glucagon production.
D)glycogenesis.
E)glycogenolysis.

Question 42

Hydrolysis of sucrose takes place primarily in the ________.

A)large intestine
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)mouth
E)pancreas

Question 43

When as much glycogen is stored as possible in the body, excess glucose is converted to

A)fructose.
B)triacylglycerols.
C)sucrose.
D)Coenzyme A.
E)ATP.

Question 44

Coenzyme A is involved in the ________.

A)reduction of carbonyl groups
B)transfer of acyl groups
C)transfer of amino groups
D)oxidation of carbon-carbon bonds
E)oxidation of C-OH bonds

Question 45

When glycogen is broken down into glucose, the process is called

A)glycogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glycogenolysis.
D)glucagon production.
E)lactate production.

Question 46

The net energy production in glycolysis is ________.

A)6 ATP
B)8 ATP
C)4 ATP
D)12 ATP
E)2 ATP

Question 47

Glycogenesis obtains energy from

A)Pi.
B)ADP.
C)pyruvate.
D)UTP.
E)pyrophosphate.

Question 48

Gluconeogenesis refers to ________.

A)the breakdown of glycogen
B)the formation of glycogen.
C)splitting of glucose to pyruvate
D)the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
E)fermentation of glucose to ethanol

Question 49

Glycogen is normally stored in

A)pancreas and muscle.
B)fat cells and muscle.
C)spleen and bone.
D)liver and muscle.
E)heart and lung.

Question 50

Glycogenesis refers to ________.

A)splitting of glucose to pyruvate
B)the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
C)the formation of glycogen
D)the breakdown of glycogen
E)fermentation of glucose to ethanol

Question 51

The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is called

A)glycogenesis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glyceration.
D)glycolysis.
E)glucogenesis.

Question 52

The production of ethanol from glucose is termed

A) dehydrogenation
B)
C) glycolysis
D) gluconeogenesis
E) fermentation

Question 53

The primary energy source for the brain is

A)fructose.
B)lactate.
C)triacylglycerols.
D)glucose.
E)amino acids.

Question 54

The energy for most energy-requiring reactions in the cells of the body is obtained by the hydrolysis of ________.

A)GTP
B)ADP
C)cyclic AMP
D)AMP
E)ATP

Question 55

Glycogenesis refers to the

A)breakdown of glycogen.
B)formation of glucose.
C)formation of glycogen.
D)breakdown of glucose.
E)breakdown of galactose.

Question 56

Most of the energy in the typical animal cell is produced in the ________.

A)cytosol
B)lysosomes
C)mitochondria
D)endoplasmic reticulum
E)nucleus

Question 57

The term that refers to all of the chemical reactions in living cells is ____

A) anabolism
B) metabolism
C)
D) glycolysis
E) catabolism

Question 58

The first step in gluconeogenesis is

A)the reaction of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
B)the reaction of pyruvate and carbon dioxide.
C)the splitting of glucose into two pyruvates.
D)the reaction of pyruvate to lactate.
E)the isomerization of 2-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.