Deck 14: Behind Bars the Life of an Inmate

Question 1

The largest element in prison gang formation is

A)Race and ethnic identification.
B)religion.
C)age.
D)gender.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An inmate who takes advantage of prison programs and strives to improve himself or herself while incarcerated is .

A)Doing time.
B)Jailing.
C)Gleaning.
D)Disorganized.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Relative deprivation theory holds that inmate aggression arises when the inmate thinks his or her usual freedoms have been eliminated.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In Morrisey v.Brewer(1972)the Supreme Court ruled that

A)Inmates have the right to free speech while incarcerated.
B)Civil confinement for convicted sex offenders in unconstitutional.
C)Deliberate indifference on the part of correctional officers in unconstitutional.
D)Parolees must be afforded due process at a parole revocation hearing.

Question 5

Which correctional officers likely have the least seniority?

A)Work detail supervisors.
B)Yard officers.
C)Tower guards.
D)Block officers.

Question 6

An estimated of female inmates have at least one minor child.

A)2 out of 10
B)5 out of 10
C)7 out of 10
D)9 out of 10

Question 7

Prisons are considered to be "total" institutions.

Question 8

The "hands­on" era of inmates' rights began in the 1970's.

Question 9

What percentage of paroled offenders are returned to prison due to parole revocation or from the commission of a new crime.

A)15%
B)20%
C)33%
D)75&

Question 10

An inmate's assimilation into the prison culture is known as

A)prisonization.
B)orientation.
C)cultural diversification.
D)infiltration.

Question 11

Almost 90% of prison inmates reported being members of a prison gang.

Question 12

Most states rely on parole boards to evaluate an inmate for conditional release or parole.

Question 13

The number of older inmates has increased dramatically in recent years for several reasons including "get tough on crime measures."

Question 14

Violence in prison is a tool for establishing

A)anarchy.
B)validation.
C)sequestration.
D)hierarchy.

Question 15

Inmates develop their own ,or language.

A)verbal code.
B)argot.
C)slang.
D)dialect.

Question 16

When a parolee commits a technical violation,parole authorities must initiate revocation proceedings to return the offender to prison.

Question 17

Correctional officers find that disciplining inmates is the most difficult and stressful job function.

Question 18

As a result of sex offender post-release notification requirements,most local police departments must announce the presence of paroled sex offenders in their jurisdictions.

Question 19

The single factor that most distinguishes female inmates from their male counterparts is a history substance abuse.

Question 20

Adaptive inmate behavior patterns observed in the prison environment are

A)subversive,below-the-radar,frenetic,and hopeless.
B)doing time,jailing,gleaning,and disorganized.
C)assertive,submissive,evasive,and subversive.
D)owners,owned,and freelancers.

Question 21

The single factor that distinguishes female offenders from male offenders is

A)a history of physical or sexual abuse.
B)a history of substance abuse.
C)a history of unemployment.
D)a history of low educational achievement.

Question 22

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the "deliberate indifference" standard?

A)Greenholtz v.Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex(1979)
B)Sandin v.Conner(1995)
C)Smith v.Doe(2003)
D)Estelle v.Gamble(1976)

Question 23

The release of an inmate from prison at the end of his or her sentence without any further correctional supervision is .

A)parole.
B)expiration release.
C)a pardon.
D)furlough.

Question 24

Sex offender notification laws require to register with local police agencies.

A)sex offenders
B)murders
C)arsonists
D)scam artists

Question 25

A form of executive clemency which clears the record of the offender is

A)parole.
B)a pardon.
C)compassionate release.
D)discretionary release.

Question 26

Which of the following is not considered a parole board responsibility?

A)To make a determination regarding release on parole
B)To make a determination regarding the conditions of parole
C)To provide programs and services to those placed on parole
D)To revoke parole if necessary

Question 27

The concept that the prisoner has no right to be given early release,but the government has granted her or him that privilege is .

A)grace.
B)custody.
C)contract.
D)reintegration.

Question 28

These officers spend their entire shifts,which usually last eight hours,in isolated,silent posts high above the grounds of the facility.

A)Work detail supervisors.
B)Yard officers.
C)Tower guards.
D)Block officers.

Question 29

A number of states have passed civil confinement laws,which allow corrections officials to

A)extend the prison sentences of convicted sex offenders by ten years.
B)confine sex offenders in noncorrectional facilities such as psychiatric hospitals after the conclusion of their prison terms.
C)keep sex offenders in prison indefinitely.
D)force sex offenders to undergo behavioral therapy while in prison.

Question 30

The most important factor when considering desistance is

A)the inmate's ability to find employment.
B)frequent meetings with a parole officer.
C)counseling and substance abuse programming.
D)the individual inmate's desire to remain free.

Question 31

A is an institution,such as a prison,that provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live within its boundaries.

A)hierarchy
B)limited institution
C)total institution
D)bureaucracy

Question 32

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court hold that the use of force by prison officials violates the Eight Amendment if it inflicts "unnecessary and wanton" pain.

A)Wolff v.McDonnell(1974)
B)Cooper v.Pate(1964)
C)Hudson v.McMillan(1992)
D)Whitley v.Albers(1986)

Question 33

Which of the following is true of parole board members?

A)Members of the parole board must be corrections officials.
B)Members of the parole board are generally appointed by the state governor.
C)Member of the parole board have a lifetime appointment.
D)Members of the parole board are chosen through partisan elections.

Question 34

The is a theory that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom,consumer goods,sex,and other staples of life outside the institution.

A)relative depravation
B)absolute depravation
C)depravation model
D)induced depravation

Question 35

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the "malicious and sadistic" standard for deciding excessive force claims?

A)Wolff v.McDonnell(1974)
B)Cooper v.Pate(1964)
C)Hudson v.McMillan(1992)
D)Whitley v.Albers(1986)

Question 36

The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison culture is called

A)prisonization
B)socialization
C)total institution
D)jailing

Question 37

is the practice of separating inmates based on a certain characteristic,such as age,gender,type of crime committed,or race.

A)Relative depravation
B)Absolute segregation
C)Depravation model
D)Prison segregation

Question 38

Employees who supervise cell blocks containing as many as four hundred inmates,as well as the correctional officers on block guard duty are called

A)Work detail supervisors.
B)Yard officers.
C)Tower guards.
D)Block officers.

Question 39

According to the text,which of the listed factors is identified as having an impact on an offender's ability to reenter free society?

A)The offender's celebrity­like status as a parolee
B)A "bothersome" parole officer
C)Lack of employment and housing opportunities
D)Emotional separation from inmate friends who were not released

Question 40

The theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated is called

A)relative depravation
B)absolute depravation
C)social depravation
D)induced depravation

Question 41

Prisons are that encompass every aspect of an inmate's life.

Question 42

What might be a likely reason for the incidence of violence described in this preface?

A)Anger at authority,especially the guards
B)Gang violence
C)Effort to establish a prisoner hierarchy
D)Effort to enhance one's own self-image

Question 43

The theory of suggests that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated.

Question 44

Which fact implies that the courts do see nutraloaf as deliberate indifference?

A)The courts not created a constitutional right to "decent prison food"
B)The lawsuits have been successful
C)Nutraloaf is served at many prisons
D)The courts have not sided with the plaintiffs

Question 45

The Supreme Court standard which might apply in the case of the inedible nutraloaf would be

A)identifiable human needs
B)deliberate indifference
C)adequate care
D)loco parentis

Question 46

Lee Correctional Institution was severely understaffed at the times of the attacks,suggesting a failure in the concept.

A)criminal model
B)total institution
C)relative depravation
D)absolute depravation

Question 47

Which correctional job category would be best positioned to prevent and/or respond to the attacks?

A)Yard officer
B)Work detail supervisor
C)Administrative building assignment
D)Industrial shop and school officers

Question 48

What might be a likely reason(s)for the incidence of violence described in this preface?

A)All of these choices
B)Gang violence
C)Effort to establish a prisoner hierarchy
D)Effort to enhance one's own self-image

Question 49

Which correctional job category would be best positioned to prevent and/or respond to this type of attack?

A)Yard officer
B)Work detail supervisor
C)Block officer
D)Industrial shop and school officers

Question 50

The attitude of corrections personnel to rapes in prisons would best be described in legal terms as

A)deliberate indifference.
B)hands-on.
C)hands-off.
D)calculated indifference.

Question 51

The attitude of the courts to rapes in prisons is reflected in which doctrine?

A)deliberate indifference
B)hands-on
C)hands-off
D)calculated indiffrence

Question 52

If convicts follow the conditions of their parole until the ,or the date on which their sentences ends,they are discharged from supervision.

Question 53

The unwritten judicial policy which favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails is the .

Question 54

guards are correctional officers who spend their entire shift in isolated,silent posts above the prison.

Question 55

What might be another likely reason for the incidence of violence described in this preface?

A)Obtain sexual relief
B)Minimize being a target
C)Effort to establish a prisoner hierarchy
D)Effort to obtain material goods through extortion

Question 56

Which Supreme Court case would apply to the lack of medical attention and rape trauma counseling?

A)Brown v.Plata
B)Whitley v.Albers
C)Hudson v.McMillan
D)Estelle v.Gamble

Question 57

If serving nutraloaf to prisoners were deemed by the Supreme Court to be "cruel and unusual punishment," it would be a violation of which amendment?

A)Eighth
B)First
C)Fourth
D)Fifth

Question 58

Anger over the serving of nutraloaf would likely stem from

A)deliberate indifference
B)deprivation
C)relative depravation
D)calculated indifference

Question 59

The attitude of corrections personnel to the serving of nutrloaf in prisons would best be described in legal terms as

A)deliberate indifference
B)hands-on
C)hands-off
D)calculated indifference

Question 60

The attacks described in the preface were most likely conducted by which category of prisoner?

A)Professional criminals "doing time."
B)Inmates serving time by "jailing."
C)Inmates who are gleaning.
D)Disorganized criminals on the fringes of prison society.

Question 61

To take advantage of prison resources such as libraries or drug treatment programs is called

Question 62

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court rule that extreme overcrowding was incompatible "with the concept of human dignity?"

Question 63

A is a temporary release from a prison for purposes of vocational or educational training,to ease the shock of release,or for personal reasons.

Question 64

The is the body of appointed civilians that decides if an inmate should be granted conditional release.

Question 65

A is a group of inmates who band together within the corrections system to engage in social and criminal activities.

Question 66

Compared with men's prisons,women's prisons have extremely levels of race­based,gang­related physical
aggression.

Question 67

A is a community residential facility for inmates under work release or parole supervision.

Question 68

As the result of Estelle v.Gamble,inmates trying to prove that their Eighth Amendment rights were violated in prison must demonstrate that prison officials behaved with .

Question 69

All activities and programming conducted to prepare ex-convicts to return successfully to the community are part of a program.

Question 70

work the prison yard usually have the least seniority,befitting the assignment's reputation as
dangerous and stressful.

Question 71

The basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution to provide to inmates are called .

Question 72

laws allow correctional officials to keep sex offenders locked up in noncorrectional institutions such as mental hospitals at the conclusion of their prison sentences.

Question 73

More serious infractions will result in a ,or a report forwarded to the institution's disciplinary committee.

Question 74

Temporary release from prison for vocational training,educational training,or other personal reasons is called
.

Question 75

is the socialization process by which a new inmate learns the norms and values of a prison population.

Question 76

are those prison programs that provide inmates with skills necessary to find a job.

Question 77

A is an identifiable group of three or more individuals who pose a threat to the safety of other inmates or members of the corrections community.

Question 78

In the Brown v.Plata case,the U.S.Supreme Court ordered California to its prison population.

Question 79

Riots,which have been defined as situations in which a number of prisoners are beyond institutional control for a significant amount of time,are relatively rare.

Question 80

To follow the rules and generally do whatever is necessary to speed up their release and return to freedom is called