Deck 3: The Crime Picture Offenders and Victims

Question 1

Civil law is concerned with disputes between entities and

A)defendants.
B)lawyers.
C)governments.
D)private individuals.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The UCR presents the most comprehensive representation of victim data in the United States.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the UCR,the FBI presents crime data in all of the following ways except

A)rate per 100,000 people.
B)percentage change from a previous period.
C)in rank order by occurrence.
D)aggregate(total)number of crimes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Self-report survey data are collected by all of the listed except

A)by questionnaire.
B)by telephone.
C)by personal interview.
D)the census.

Question 5

Part II offenses include

A)all crimes recorded by the FBI that do not fall into the Part I category.
B)crimes identified by INTERPOL as significant threats.
C)all misdemeanors that do not fall into the Part I category.
D)they vary from year to year,there is no set list.

Question 6

The National Incident-Based Reporting System presents a more complete picture of crime than the UCR.

Question 7

Criminal behavior peaks during the teenage years.

Question 8

The acronym NIBRS stands for

A)National Individualized Basic Record System.
B)National Incident-Based Reporting System.
C)National Intelligence Bureau Record System.
D)National Intelligence Bureau Reporting System.

Question 9

The maximum penalty for capital offenses is death.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the high rate of offending by adolescent populations?

A)Peer pressure
B)Socialization with other juvenile delinquents
C)Hormone levels
D)Poverty

Question 11

Murder is an example of an offense classified as mala prohibita.

Question 12

In most jurisdictions,a noncriminal offense for which the penalty is a fine rather than incarceration is called an .

A)misdemeanor
B)felony
C)infraction
D)moving violation

Question 13

Rates of arrest have risen much more quickly for women than for men over the past decade.

Question 14

Civil law involves all of the following except

A)beyond a reasonable doubt
B)a plaintiff.
C)a defendant.
D)damages.

Question 15

Data for the NCVS is collected by

A)the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
B)the Census Bureau.
C)the Department of Homeland Security.
D)university researchers.

Question 16

Proceedings in civil court are generally initiated by the state on behalf of the plaintiff.

Question 17

Part Two offenses include both felonies and misdemeanors.

Question 18

The NCVS is a national survey focusing on the self-reported data of offenders.

Question 19

Criminological research supports the claim that poverty causes crime.

Question 20

A term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place is

A)the crime rate.
B)the hidden figure of crime.
C)the dark figure of crime.
D)the official record of crime.

Question 21

The crime spike in the 1980's and early 1990's is thought by some to be related to the introduction of which illegal drug?

A)Methamphetamine
B)Crack
C)Heroin
D)Marijuana

Question 22

Approximately what percentage of all murders involve a male victim and a male perpetrator?

A)25
B)45
C)65
D)75

Question 23

Self-reported surveys collect crime data from

A)victims
B)law enforcement
C)offenders
D)criminologists

Question 24

The fact that as individuals grow older they are less likely to commit criminal acts is related to which crime rate factor?

A)Levels of incarceration
B)Involvement in war
C)Size of youth population
D)Health of the economy

Question 25

Part II offenses do not include

A)DUI.
B)vagrancy.
C)gambling.
D)arson.

Question 26

Proof of guilt in a criminal case requires

A)proof without doubt.
B)proof beyond a reasonable doubt
C)proof beyond reasonable suspicion.
D)proof of tort.

Question 27

How does the health of the economy affect the crime rate?

A)More people working means less incentive to turn to crime
B)Higher employment means more workplace crime
C)A better economy means more money for prisons
D)A poor economy means more time spent looking for work and less in criminal activity

Question 28

Which factor is the most indicator of criminal behavior?

A)Race
B)Ethnicity
C)Income level
D)Religious affiliation

Question 29

Flaws in the UCR cited in the text include all of the following except

A)lack of full citizen reporting.
B)police underreporting.
C)differential interpretations.
D)lack of political support.

Question 30

Which group are the most likely to be victims of homicide?

A)Caucasians
B)African Americans
C)Hispanics
D)Native Americans

Question 31

An offense which is said to go against "natural laws" is referred to as

A)Mala in se
B)Corpus delicti
C)Mala prohibita
D)Actus reus

Question 32

Which of the following would be considered a mala prohibita offense?

A)Murder
B)Rape
C)Bigamy
D)Theft

Question 33

The majority of Part I offenses committed in the U.S.are

A)violent crimes.
B)property crimes.
C)public order offenses.
D)white collar crimes.

Question 34

The strongest statistical determinant of criminal behavior appears to be

A)neighborhood.
B)age.
C)parents.
D)peers.

Question 35

What is not a factor used by criminologists to explain changes in the nation's crime rate?

A)Levels of incarceration
B)Involvement in war
C)Size of youth population
D)Health of the economy

Question 36

Since 2000 crime rates nationwide,in the U.S.are

A)rising steadily.
B)dropping steadily.
C)up and down
D)relatively flat

Question 37

Which of the following is an advantage of the NCVS?

A)It measures only crimes reported to the police and ending in criminal conviction
B)It represents data collected directly from offenders,regardless of whether an arrest was made
C)It collects data on the victimization of minor children under the age of 12
D)It represents victimization rates,including those crimes not reported to police

Question 38

What is not given as a reason for levels of incarceration affecting the crime rate?

A)Offenders behind bars can't commit crime
B)Fewer youth means less crime
C)Threat of prison a deterrent to crime
D)High levels of incarceration means fewer would-be criminals on the street

Question 39

The Uniform Crime Reports include

A)the number of crimes cleared
B)number of criminal convictions.
C)number of unreported offenses.
D)victimization data.

Question 40

Which decade has been referred to as the "golden era" of low crime rates.

A)1970s
B)1980s
C)1990s
D)2000s

Question 41

is the type of law dealing with disputes between private individuals and between entities.

Question 42

The predictions of the researchers in the preface turned out to be wrong,as the crime rate decreased.A possible explanation for this might be

A)the number of young males decreased.
B)the number of young males increased.
C)the number of young females decreased.
D)the number of young females increased.

Question 43

For crime reporting purposes, typically occurs when the arrested suspect is charged with a crime and handed over to a court for prosecution.

Question 44

The crime rate is based on reports from state and local law enforcement and these reports may be affected in what way?

A)Political pressure from politicians to show progress in fighting crime may artificially lower the numbers being reported.
B)Police department may falsely report increased criminal activity in order to demand more resources.
C)Lower crime rates may show the need to revise police tactics.
D)There are really no pressures on police departments to alter their crime statistics in any way.

Question 45

The actions of Morales would be considered...

A)mala in se
B)mala prohibita
C)actus rea
D)copus delicti

Question 46

If the victim successfully sought justice through the civil court she would have been able to

A)receive financial compensation from Morales.
B)determine the prison sentence of Morales.
C)then move the case to a criminal court.
D)None of these choices

Question 47

are a method of collecting crime data that relies on participants to reveal their own criminal or deviant behavior.

Question 48

In recent years,crime rates have steadily .

Question 49

offenses are only crimes because a statute or legislative law declares them to be.

Question 50

The burden of proof used in Moore's criminal trial was

A)beyond a reasonable doubt
B)preponderance of the evidence
C)criminal liability
D)probable cause

Question 51

The burden of proof used in Moore's civil trial was

A)beyond a reasonable doubt
B)preponderance of the evidence
C)criminal liability
D)probable cause

Question 52

In at least in the case of Moore,civil court may be more to victim's rights than criminal court.

A)harsh
B)impartial
C)limited
D)conducive

Question 53

If California law in fact covered the circumstances in outlined in the preface,Morales would have been charged with what kind of crime?

A)felony
B)infraction
C)misdemeanor
D)petty offense

Question 54

By 2008,the United States had entered into an economic recession and since then economic growth has been slow.How should this affect the crime rate?

A)It should increase
B)The crime rate should go down.
C)In should hold steady as youth populations increase
D)There should be no effect on crime rates due to economic factors

Question 55

Economic growth has been slow since 2008,but with no discernible effect on the crime rate.How might criminologists explain this?

A)All of these choices.
B)"zero­tolerance" policies have put more people in prison
C)Police tactics have become more effective.
D)Those most heavily involved in a crack cocaine boom in the late 1980s are no longer offending.

Question 56

The crime rate fell during or remained steady from 1995-2011.The reasons for this supports which of the three factors criminologists believe explain crime fluctuations?

A)All of these choices
B)Imprisonment
C)Youth populations
D)Economy

Question 57

In which court is it easier to get a verdict of guilty?

A)civil court
B)criminal court
C)appeals court
D)district court

Question 58

This instance of criminal sexual assault have been reported into which databases?

A)Uniform Crime Report and National Crime Victimization Survey
B)National Incident-Based Reporting System and self-reported surveys
C)National Crime Victimization Survey and National Incident-Based Reporting System
D)self-reported surveys and National Crime Victimization Survey

Question 59

The victim in this case would have been able to pursue legal remedies under California law in which court?

A)state civil court
B)state criminal court
C)federal civil court
D)federal criminal court

Question 60

In civil court,Moore was found for his actions.

A)irresponsible
B)guilty
C)not guilty
D)liable

Question 61

is the criminal act of causing fear in a person by repeatedly subjecting that person to unwanted or threatening attention.

Question 62

are the fastest growing group in the United States prison population.

Question 63

Because much crime goes unreported,this amount of crime that occurs in the U.S.is referred to as the
.

Question 64

,or monetary payment,which comes from offenders to help victims repay any costs associated with the crime and rebuild their lives.

Question 65

In terms of gender,crime is an overwhelmingly activity.

Question 66

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, between the ages of fourteen and twenty-four,
who represent 1 percent of the country's total population,make up a quarter of its homicide offenders.

Question 67

are individuals that help victims gain access to public benefits,health care,employment and educational assistance,and numerous other services.

Question 68

is the theory that certain people and places are more likely to be subject to repeated criminal activity and that past victimization is a strong indicator of future victimization.Repeat victimization

Question 69

Those who suffer from are much more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators.

Question 70

are those crimes that,due to their seriousness and frequency,are recorded by the FBI
to give a general idea of the "crime picture."

Question 71

is a descriptive term for acts that are inherently wrong,regardless of whether they are prohibited by law.

Question 72

Petty offense is another name for an .

Question 73

drugs are drugs whose sale and use have been made illegal.

Question 74

A is a serious crime,usually punishable by death or imprisonment for a year or longer.

Question 75

is the most abused drug in the United States.

Question 76

In both criminal and civil cases,the accused party is known as the .

Question 77

The Uniform Crime Report is compiled each year by the .

Question 78

is the act of willful neglect or physical violence that occurs within a familial or other intimate relationship.

Question 79

An is punishable only by a small fine.

Question 80

drugs are socially acceptable substances,if used by adults.