Deck 1: The Criminal Justice System

Question 1

One of the principles of "doing justice" involves protecting the rights of the accused.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Jurisdiction typically goes to the FBI where stolen property has been moved across state lines.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Criminal justice agencies are self-sufficient; that is, they generate their own funding and are not dependent upon outside financial sources.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures but enforced by federal agencies.

Question 5

The subsystems of the criminal justice system act independently of each other.

Question 6

Because police usually observe crimes as they occur, they are at an advantage in quickly arresting offenders.

Question 7

The concept of citizen's arrest grants citizens the same authority to enforce the law as police officers.

Question 8

Judges are the only actors in the criminal justice system who have discretion.

Question 9

Crime prevention depends on the actions of police and citizens.

Question 10

Over 80 percent of criminal defendants who reach the trial stage will be convicted.

Question 11

Police departments are most often run by local government.

Question 12

A police officer who is providing emergency first aid after an automobile accident is engaging in the duty of "keeping the peace."

Question 13

Congress has consistently refused to expand the powers of the FBI since the agency's creation.

Question 14

Criminal justice is a system whose components-police, courts, corrections-are compartmentalized and therefore exert little or no influence on each other.

Question 15

The filtering process refers to the authority to make decisions based on one's own judgment.

Question 16

Federal authorities handle fewer cases annually than state and local authorities.

Question 17

The concept of federalism involves the division of power between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments.

Question 18

Charging typically takes place between initial appearance and arraignment.

Question 19

Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice system.

Question 20

More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community.

Question 21

Specific policies, such as evidence-based practices, are developed with the intent to achieve certain policy outcomes, in this case more efficient use of available resources.
​

Question 22

According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system?

A) doing justice
B) controlling crime
C) preventing crime
D) dramatizing crime
E) all of these are goals of the criminal justice system

Question 23

Offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as:

A) felonies.
B) mala in se.
C) mala prohibita.
D) heinous.
E) natural crimes.

Question 24

Mala prohibita offenses are:

A) morally offensive acts that fall short of criminal status.
B) offenses that are considered wrong by moral standards.
C) offenses that are considered wrong in American culture.
D) offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves.
E) all felonies.

Question 25

Subsystems are the interdependent parts within the larger system.

Question 26

Cyber crimes would likely be a top priority of the FBI's enforcement efforts.

Question 27

Disparity refers to the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, relying on one's own judgment.

Question 28

The reading of a suspect's Miranda warnings occurs during the initial hearing.

Question 29

There is no evidence of racism in the operation of the criminal justice system.

Question 30

The majority of cases in the American criminal justice system will proceed to trial.

Question 31

In the United States, minorities are more likely to be incarcerated than members of the majority.

Question 32

The Department of Homeland Security was created by the USA Patriot Act.

Question 33

An arrest is said to have occurred when a suspect is physically taken into custody.

Question 34

The most publicized criminal cases make up the bottom layer of the criminal justice wedding cake.

Question 35

Federal sentencing guidelines punish individuals for possession of or trafficking in crack cocaine more harshly than users of powder cocaine.

Question 36

Evidence-based practices are those policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful and cost effective.

Question 37

A lawmaker who embraces the crime control model would be likely to support laws that limit the number of appeals made by those convicted of crimes.

Question 38

Discretion refers to the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, relying on one's own judgment.

Question 39

A goal of the criminal justice system is having the media exploit crime for ratings.

Question 40

Offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as natural crime.

Question 41

A key concept in the criminal justice process, involving the mutual transfer of resources among individual actors, is known as:

A) exchange.
B) referrals.
C) system.
D) discretion.
E) disparity.

Question 42

What federal enforcement agency was created as a direct result of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks in 2001?

A) Immigration and Naturalization Service
B) Department of Homeland Security
C) Federal Aviation Administration
D) Federal Emergency Management Agency
E) U.S.Border Patrol

Question 43

Which of the following federal agencies is responsible for protecting travelers and interstate commerce?

A) the DEA
B) the ATF
C) the FBI
D) the TSA
E) the CIA

Question 44

The components of criminal justice are best described as a/an:

A) socialized entity.
B) system.
C) isolated process.
D) integrated process.
E) bifurcation.

Question 45

In the American system of federalism, which level of government is solely responsible for the administration of criminal justice?

A) city governments
B) city and county partnerships
C) state governments
D) federal government
E) no single level of government is solely responsible

Question 46

Which of the following would not be a top priority of the FBI's enforcement efforts?

A) cyber attacks
B) espionage
C) terrorism
D) local homicide rates
E) national security

Question 47

What proportion of criminal justice employees in the United States work at the federal level?

A) less than 1 percent
B) 10 percent
C) one-third
D) two-thirds
E) over 90 percent

Question 48

The criminal justice agency on the "front line" in controlling crime is…

A) citizens.
B) police.
C) courts.
D) corrections.
E) parole.

Question 49

Which of the following is an established argument in favor of discretion in the criminal justice system?

A) Some state constitutions require discretion.
B) Discretion is noncontroversial.
C) Discretion is almost always effective.
D) It is impossible for any law to be fairly enforced.
E) Discretion is needed because the system lacks the resources to treat every case the same way.

Question 50

Which of the following terms refers to the authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, relying on one's own judgment?

A) exchange
B) due process
C) system
D) discretion
E) disparity

Question 51

According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns the processes of arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the law is referred to as:

A) controlling crime
B) doing justice
C) arbitrating crime
D) preventing crime
E) developing legal parameters

Question 52

Which of the following is an appropriate duty and use of police resources?

A) educating the public about crime
B) preventing crime
C) helping give emergency medical assistance
D) helping people who have been locked out of their homes
E) all of the above are appropriate

Question 53

______ are actions which violate laws defining those socially harmful behaviors subject to the government's power to impose punishments.

A) Crimes
B) Mores
C) Morals
D) Misdemeanors
E) Civil infractions

Question 54

Which of the following is a criminal activity that the federal government has the power to regulate?

A) terrorism
B) Internet-based child pornography
C) interstate gang-related crimes
D) banking-related crimes
E) all of the above

Question 55

Corrections agencies are most often run by:

A) federal governments.
B) state governments.
C) local governments.
D) county governments.
E) private corporations.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the criminal justice system?

A) discretion
B) resource dependence
C) filtering
D) sequential tasks
E) independence of actors

Question 57

Which of the following ultimately happens to most defendants whose charges are not dropped?

A) They go to trial.
B) They plead guilty.
C) They are found innocent.
D) They are found not guilty by reason of insanity.
E) They are acquitted.

Question 58

The Constitution creates two separate justice systems in the United States.The two systems are:

A) local and county.
B) county and state.
C) state and federal.
D) federal and international.
E) local and federal.

Question 59

What specific powers does the U.S.Constitution give to a national police force?

A) The Constitution allows the military to serve as a national police force.
B) The Constitution gives all national police powers to the FBI.
C) The Constitution does not allow for a national police force with broad powers.
D) The Constitution gives the national police force power that is subordinate to the state governments.
E) The Constitution restricts the federal government from participating in criminal justice activities.

Question 60

According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and equity is referred to as:

A) arbitration
B) civility
C) doing justice
D) controlling crime
E) preventing crime

Question 61

Which of the following refers to a serious crime, usually carrying a penalty of incarceration for more than one year?

A) indictment
B) misdemeanor
C) felony
D) civil infractions
E) traffic violations

Question 62

Trial judges and other officials are determined to have acted properly in about ______ of cases that are appealed.

A) less than 10 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 80 percent
E) 99 percent

Question 63

Which layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of serious felonies?

A) layer 1: the top layer
B) layer 2
C) layer 3
D) layer 4
E) any of the layers would include serious felonies

Question 64

When a person is physically taken into custody, it is known as a(n):

A) warrant.
B) arrest.
C) indictment.
D) information.
E) booking.

Question 65

In 2012 former presidential candidate John Edwards was acquitted of charges that he violated campaign finance laws.According to the wedding cake model, this widely televised and reported trial had all of the earmarks of a ____ case.

A) layer 1
B) layer 2
C) layer 3
D) layer 4
E) layer 5

Question 66

Which model of criminal justice is more like an "obstacle course" than an assembly-line?

A) the crime control model
B) the diversion model
C) the due process model
D) the institutional model
E) the misdemeanor model

Question 67

The 2011 trial of Dr.Conrad Murray, the physician who prescribed medications that caused the death of singer Michael Jackson would be found in which layer of the criminal justice wedding cake?

A) layer 1: the top layer
B) layer 2
C) layer 3
D) layer 4
E) layer 5: the bottom layer

Question 68

Which of the following are major duties of the police?

A) keeping the peace
B) apprehending violators and combating crime
C) preventing crime
D) providing social services
E) all of the above

Question 69

The primary duty of the courts is

A) statutory compliance.
B) oversight of police actions.
C) adjudication.
D) interpretation of constitutional mandates.
E) modification of unfair laws.

Question 70

The number of employees that work in state and local criminal justice agencies is

A) under 50,000
B) approximately 100,000
C) approximately 500,000
D) over one million
E) too numerous to determine

Question 71

About ____ percent of criminal cases are heard by juries.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 50
E) 80

Question 72

Which of the following people is responsible for sentencing?

A) prosecutors
B) defendants
C) court clerks
D) wardens
E) judges

Question 73

When does plea bargaining take place in the decision-making process?

A) at the time of arrest
B) before a warrant is issued
C) at the initial appearance
D) before sentence is imposed
E) at any time in the criminal justice process

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a process that takes place at the initial appearance?

A) Miranda warnings are given.
B) Suspect is given formal notice of the charge for which he or she is being held.
C) Bail is set by the judge.
D) Judge will consider whether to proceed with the case or dismiss it.
E) Judge may consider whether to hold the defendant without bail.

Question 75

At the ____________________, suspects are informed of the charges against them and advised of their rights.

A) arraignment
B) trial
C) preliminary hearing
D) prison
E) plea bargain

Question 76

Most homicide cases in the United States would fall into which category of the wedding cake model?

A) layer 1
B) layer 2
C) layer 3
D) layer 4
E) local crimes are not included

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of the police providing social services?

A) intervening in violent domestic disputes
B) arresting persons dangerous to the community
C) checking warrants in traffic stops
D) providing first aid to a car accident victim
E) all of these are examples of police providing social services

Question 78

Which of the following governmental bodies administers prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities and programs?

A) the federal government
B) state governments
C) city governments
D) county governments
E) all of the above

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a primary emphasis of Packer's crime control model of criminal justice?

A) efficiency
B) speed
C) finality
D) capacity to adjudicate a high proportion of offenders
E) ensure that offender rights are secured

Question 80

The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is known as:

A) adjudication.
B) indictment.
C) booking.
D) information.
E) arraignment.