Deck 9: The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

Question 1

What impact did the Byzantine Empire have on Latin Christendom as a whole?

A)Contact with Byzantine civilization stimulated learning.
B)The Byzantines preserved the philosophy, science, mathematics, and literature of ancient Greece.
C)Byzantium preserved Roman law.
D)The Byzantine Empire shielded Latin Christendom from expanding Islam.
E)All of these

Answer 1

All of these

Question 2

The Roman and Greek Orthodox clergy disagreed on each of the following issues except

A)the display of images.
B)the importance of the Mass.
C)the power of the papacy.
D)ceremonies.
E)holy days.

Answer 2

the importance of the Mass.

Question 3

Which of these is not true of Muhammed, he was

A)a wealthy merchant.
B)a monotheist.
C)familiar with either Judaism or Christianity.
D)convinced that the angel Gabriel revealed God's word only for him.
E)a respected judge in Medina.

Answer 3

convinced that the angel Gabriel revealed God's word only for him.

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of the traditional relationship of the Muslims to the Jews?

A)Muslims generally demonized the Jews as a hateful and cursed people.
B)Muslims believed that God had sent prophets to the ancient Hebrews to bring his message of compassion and submission.
C)Muslims believed that both Jews and Christians were "people of the book" and should not be persecuted.
D)Muslims required that Jews living in their lands should pay a special tax and wear a distinguishing mark on their clothing.
E)Muslims forbid Jews living in their land from bearing arms and, at times, testifying in court.

Question 5

The Byzantines exercised all the following influences except

A)spreading Orthodoxy in Eastern Europe.
B)providing all Slavs with their religion, literate culture, and alphabet.
C)creating and spreading the Cyrillic alphabet.
D)strongly influencing the Latin Romanians.
E)bequeathing civilization to much of Eastern Europe.

Question 6

The most significant historical consequence of the successful defenses of Constantinople against direct Arab attacks was the

A)demonstrated superiority of Greek fire.
B)deflection of Arab expansion away from Latin Christendom.
C)cessation of Arab expansion for nearly three centuries.
D)recovery of Syria, Palestine, and Egypt by the Byzantines.
E)permanent move of the Byzantine capital to Ravenna.

Question 7

Muslim beliefs include

A)a single, all-powerful God.
B)Jesus as a great prophet.
C)Muhammed as the last and greatest prophet.
D)Day of Judgment.
E)All of these

Question 8

Emperor Justinian's most lasting achievement was

A)recovering territories in the western Mediterranean including Rome.
B)the codification of Roman law in the Corpus Juris Civilis.
C)the Ravenna mosaics.
D)repulsing the Arab attack on Constantinople.
E)the final break between Catholic and Orthodox churches.

Question 9

Muslim practices and advances in knowledge include all the following except

A)acquisition of the idea of zero and Arabic numerals from India and the development algebra and trigonometry.
B)improvement of observations made by ancient astronomers.
C)advancement in optics.
D)improvement of medical care and compiling medical knowledge.
E)development of the idea of universal gravity and inventing calculus.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Middle Ages is inaccurate?

A)The Middle Ages lasted from roughly A.D.500 to A.D.1500.
B)Three heirs to Greco-Roman civilization emerged: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom.
C)In the Early Middle Ages, the most advanced European civilization was Latin Christendom.
D)The heartland of Latin Christendom shifted from the Mediterranean to the north.
E)The Middle Ages constituted the end of the ancient world.

Question 11

In the Early Middle Ages, as learning was almost non-existent in Western Europe, the Muslims

A)created a new high civilization.
B)combined Arabic, Byzantine, Persian, and Indian learning along with their original thinking and experimentation.
C)acquired the Greco-Roman intellectual legacy from the Byzantines.
D)pushed the frontiers of knowledge forward, particularly in mathematics.
E)All of these

Question 12

The eastern half of the Roman Empire survived as the western half fell because

A)the east was the richer, more populous, more urban half.
B)the main thrust of the Germanic invasions was in the west.
C)its capital was a fortress city perfectly suited to resist attack.
D)the east was economically and culturally more advanced.
E)All of these

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of Islam's Five Pillars of Faith?

A)"There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his Prophet."
B)At least five times a day, a Muslim musty pray facing Mecca.
C)At least once in a life, Muslims must engage in a jihad.
D)Muslims must be generous to the poor.
E)Ramadan is a holy month to be observed by a dawn to dusk fast.

Question 14

Shortly after the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines in 1071, Latin Christians

A)officially broke with the Orthodox Church.
B)sent their sympathy but did nothing.
C)launched a series of Crusades against Islam, one of which included the looting of Constantinople and the occupation of the city by the Latin Christians for six decades.
D)launched a series of Crusades against Islam which revived the Byzantine Empire and freed the Holy Land until the 19th century.
E)believed that this proved God disapproved of Orthodox Christianity.

Question 15

In an Islamic state

A)there was no separation between secular and spiritual authority.
B)rule was rarely theocratic.
C)the Koran regulated spiritual life, but not government and society.
D)the Caliph was the source of all law.
E)checks and balances developed similar to the consul-Senate-Assemblies system in Rome.

Question 16

Which of the following could not be a Shi'ite belief?

A)Religious practices are not defined by the majority, they are set by Mohammed's legitimate descendent.
B)Suffering and martyrdom are important.
C)The imams are holy men, descendants of Mohammed; they are innocent of sin and selected by God.
D)By definition, a caliph is an imam.
E)The true meaning of Islam cannot be grasped without an imam's guidance.

Question 17

Within little more than a century since its founding, Islam

A)united all the tribes of Arabia.
B)developed its holy books.
C)spread as far as Spain in the west and India in the east.
D)entered its golden age.
E)All of these

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between religion and philosophy during the height of Muslim civilization?

A)Mohammed was the final prophet, therefore, there was no need for classical philosophy.
B)Muslim philosophy and science secularized society and marginalized religion.
C)Scholars such as Al-Farabi and Ibn-Rushd argued that Greek philosophy could be used to explain Islamic beliefs.
D)Muslim philosophy transformed Islam into hundreds of small sects.
E)By encouraging rationalism, classical philosophy undermines religion and needs to be banned.

Question 19

Year One in the Muslim calendar is

A)the creation of the world, 3760 B.C.
B)the same as in the Christian calendar.
C)A.D.610 when the angel God began his revelation to Mohammed.
D)A.D.622 when Mohammed and his followers fled to Medina.
E)A.D.630 when Mecca surrendered to Mohammed and his followers.

Question 20

Though the Byzantine Empire lasted till 1453, it lost

A)Spain to the Visigoths.
B)Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and North Africa to the Arabs.
C)territories in the Balkans to Slavs and Bulgars.
D)territories in Italy to the Ostrogoths, Lombards, and Normans.
E)All of these

Question 21

Which strategic move did Clovis make that helped the fortunes of the newly united Franks?

A)Clovis converted to Catholic Christianity rather than the Arian variety other Germanic leaders adopted.
B)Clovis adopted Roman manners and attire to win the loyalty of his Roman subjects.
C)Clovis managed to play the Pope and the Byzantine emperor off against each other.
D)Clovis helped the Pope create the Papal States.
E)Clovis repulsed the Muslim attack at Tours.

Question 22

Pope Gregory I tried to counterbalance the power of Lombard invaders in Italy by seeking support from the

A)Byzantines.
B)Abbassid caliphate.
C)Magyars.
D)Franks.
E)Visigoths.

Question 23

In the development of the church in Ireland, one may find each of the following except

A)conversion dating from the early fifth century.
B)use of the vernacular rather than Latin.
C)scholars engaged in biblical analysis.
D)considerable scholarship as well as copying of manuscripts.
E)missionary activity in continental Europe.

Question 24

The new European civilization that emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages

A)had Christianity as its center.
B)was predominantly German in its social and legal relationships.
C)used Latin for its intellectual life.
D)would produce the intellectual and material breakthroughs that made the world modern.
E)All of these

Question 25

According to the author, the culture of Latin Christendom did not catch up to that of the Byzantines and Islam until the

A)ninth century.
B)twelfth century.
C)thirteenth century.
D)fifteenth century.
E)seventeenth century.

Question 26

Under the leadership of Theodoric the Great (474-536)

A)powerful aristocratic Roman families still held government offices.
B)the Roman Senate was eliminated.
C)those schools that still existed were destroyed.
D)the pope was forced into exile.
E)Latin ceased to be the official language of administration.

Question 27

Under Germanic rulers, towns of the former Roman Empire continued

A)to engage in substantial commerce.
B)as episcopal seats of bishops.
C)as lively centers of culture and intellectual life.
D)as centers of government.
E)to control the surrounding countryside.

Question 28

Where did Roman urban institutions prove to be the most durable?

A)Britain
B)Gaul (France)
C)Germany
D)Italy
E)Spain

Question 29

Government under the Germanic peoples differed from the Roman rule in that

A)German king regarded the land he controlled as his private property.
B)citizenship and the concept of loyalty to an impersonal state were foreign to the Germans.
C)the Germanic people lacked the education to effectively run an administration.
D)the Germanic concept of law was quite different and included such legal procedures as trial by ordeal.
E)All of these

Question 30

Who was the last scholar of the Roman world to have an in-depth knowledge of Greek philosophy?

A)Isidore of Seville
B)Boethius
C)Cassiodorus
D)Venerable Bede
E)Johannes Scottus Eriugena

Question 31

As Germanic peoples came to control the western half of the Roman Empire, they intended to

A)replace Catholic Christianity with Arianism.
B)Germanize the population.
C)perpetuate the advantages of Greco-Roman civilization.
D)forge a new hybrid society based on Germanic customs.
E)raid the empire and move on.

Question 32

The term double monasteries referred to

A)houses where some monks led contemplative lives and some taught.
B)institutions where monks lived under extremely strict regimens.
C)religious establishments where both monks and nuns led spiritual lives.
D)those monasteries with libraries containing both theological works and ancient Latin classics.
E)institutions devoted both to prayer and to work.

Question 33

In the Early Middle Ages, the highest expression of the Christian life was considered to be the life of

A)good Christian parents.
B)a successful business man.
C)the independent person who lived according to reason and fulfilled his potential.
D)a monk.
E)the knight who fulfilled his duty.

Question 34

The brilliance of Muslim civilization in the Middle Ages ended when

A)society was sapped of its creativity as had been the Late Roman Empire.
B)a religious revival eliminated most non-Islamic influences.
C)a series of invasions and an occupation by Mongols devastated the Middle East.
D)European Crusaders established Christian states in Palestine and beyond.
E)the Sunni-Shi'a split occurred.

Question 35

Pope Gregory the Great expanded the power of the papacy by

A)effectively using Roman administrative methods.
B)using its wealth to maintain institutions such as hospitals and orphanages.
C)making it a leading financial institution.
D)an alliance with monasteries.
E)All of these

Question 36

To people in medieval Europe, the most important role of the Church was

A)opening Germanic minds to new ideas.
B)saving people from damnation.
C)assuming some of the functions formerly performed by the Roman state.
D)taming warrior habits.
E)encouraging critical independent thinking.

Question 37

In his Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius stated a basic tenet of classical humanism when he said

A)no tyrant can "ever disturb the peculiar restfulness which is the property of a mind that hangs together upon the firm basis of its reason."
B)"For with much wisdom comes much sorrow; the more knowledge the more grief."
C)"When I surveyed all I my hands had done, everything was meaningless, a chasing after the wind."
D)"Man is formed of dust, slimes, and ashes; what is even more vile, of the filthiest seed."
E)"In the City of God, there is no merely human wisdom, but there is the piety which worships true God as He should be worshipped."

Question 38

More than anything else, which of the following gave form and direction to the new civilization in the West that would arise on the ruins of Rome?

A)The translations and compilations of Boethius, Cassiodorus, and Isidore
B)Kings
C)The Church
D)The intermarriage of Germanic and Roman people
E)Byzantium and Islam

Question 39

The Ottoman Turks achieved all the following except

A)the conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
B)the conquest of Syria, North Africa, and the Arabian coast.
C)effective administration of an empire.
D)renewed cultural brilliance.
E)the conquest of Hungary up to the gates of Vienna.

Question 40

After the fall of the Roman Empire, all of the following occurred except

A)the old Roman elite abandoned its heritage and adopted German ways.
B)Roman schools closed and literacy almost completely disappeared.
C)libraries were devastated and many ancient works were forever lost.
D)no one tried to reconcile the intellectual Greco-Roman tradition with Church teachings.
E)Roman law fell into disuse.

Question 41

The Carolingian Renaissance is credited with all of the following except

A)reversing the process of cultural decay.
B)raising the level of literacy among the clergy and administrators.
C)copying, and thus preserving, many ancient texts.
D)adopting Roman artistic and architectural forms.
E)reviving independent philosophic thinking and the search for new knowledge.

Question 42

The existence of the serfs was

A)likely to be dismal.
B)based on the need for protection that the lord could provide.
C)lacking in freedom but not equivalent to that of slaves.
D)marred by the contempt that was felt for them.
E)All of these

Question 43

The empire of Charlemagne disintegrated for each of the following reasons except that it

A)was too large and diverse.
B)had depended on the charismatic power of Charlemagne.
C)was deliberately divided among his sons.
D)lacked economic cohesiveness.
E)was attacked by Viking, Magyars, and Muslims.

Question 44

Charlemagne was able to achieve all the following except

A)the expansion of the Frankish kingdom into Spain, Saxony, and Bavaria.
B)a lasting unified empire
C)engendering the ideal of a unified Latin Christendom.
D)aiding in the creation of a distinct European civilization.
E)creating a lasting combination of the Roman ideal of world empire, Christian otherworldliness, Greco-Roman intellectual achievements, and Germanic customs.

Question 45

Which of the following set of terms is mismatched?

A)Feudalism and political system
B)Manorialism and economic system
C)Serf and peasant bound to the land
D)Vassal and knight subordinated to a lord
E)None of these

Question 46

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hagia Sophia

Question 47

Which of the following did the Bishop of Laon not state in his description of society?

A)"The serfs claim that they feed the nobles.In fact, it is the warriors and protectors of the Church who feed the luckless serfs."
B)"The community of the faithful is a single body but the condition of society is threefold in order."
C)"They [the warriors] are the defenders of the people...and at the same time they ensure their own safety."
D)"[N]o free man could exist without serfs."
E)"The three groups ...cannot bear to be separated; the services rendered by one are a precondition for the labor of the two others."

Question 48

Vassalage includes all the following except

A)an oath of loyalty originating in the ancient German custom of swearing allegiance to the head of war-band.
B)the vassal pledges military service, among other things, in exchange for a fief.
C)unlimited power of the lord over the vassal.
D)obligations such as raising ransom for the lord and protection of the vassal.
E)a reciprocal relationship between lord and vassal.

Question 49

In the nunneries of the Middle Ages

A)one rarely found peasants because they could not afford a dowry and were needed on the farm.
B)abbots were placed in charge because women were considered lacking in the ability to organize.
C)education of nuns was forbidden because women might misuse knowledge.
D)few aristocratic women could be found because they would not wish to associate with the lower-class women.
E)everyone with a vocation or calling was accepted.

Question 50

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Byzantium

Question 51

Charlemagne governed his expanded empire

A)by restoring the late Roman diocese-province-prefecture-empire structure.
B)through Roman law and taxes from newly revitalized towns.
C)through about 250 counts monitored by missi dominici.
D)through a complex vassalage system.
E)through a trained administer imported from Byzantium.

Question 52

In feudalism, kings

A)were considered to be the chief lords.
B)often were less powerful than other nobles.
C)were part of a complex hierarchy of oaths and power.
D)were theoretically the highest political authorities.
E)All of these

Question 53

Who did the Pope crown as emperor of the Romans in A.D.800?

A)Rastislav
B)Pepin the Short
C)Theodoric
D)Charlemagne
E)Louis the Pious

Question 54

The biography of Saint Boniface indicates all the following except

A)the work of clergymen in the Middle Ages could mean extensive travel and relocation.
B)deacons and priests did violate the Church's moral code.
C)there were serious instances of Church property being plundered by the laity.
D)the work of the Church was exclusively a man's job.
E)pagans still practiced human sacrifice.

Question 55

The effects of the Viking onslaught on Europe included

A)economic collapse.
B)disappearance of royal authority.
C)the withering of culture.
D)renewal of the decentralization process begun with the decline of Rome.
E)All of these

Question 56

Feudal law resembled Roman law because it was

A)local.
B)personal.
C)traditional.
D)an obligation.
E)None of these

Question 57

The cult of the Virgin Mary

A)reached its peak in the 12th and 13th centuries.
B)resulted in a multitude of churches being named after Mary.
C)engendered a belief in the Immaculate Conception.
D)provide an alternative, positive, view of woman.
E)All of these

Question 58

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Cyrillic

Question 59

Feudalism can best be described as

A)nobles exercising power formerly held by kings.
B)endemic warfare.
C)the struggle among nobles, clergy, and peasants.
D)monarchy.
E)rational law.

Question 60

After their defeat in Germany in 955, the Magyars

A)disappeared from history.
B)assimilated into the German population and founded the town of Magdeburg.
C)withdrew into what is now Hungary and adopted Christianity.
D)turned against Byzantium.
E)joined the Vikings in their attacks.

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
double monasteries

Question 62

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Koran

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
manorialism

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
vassal

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Shi'a

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
feudalism

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
fief

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Magyars

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hadith

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Merovingians

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Donation of Pepin

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
caliph

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hegira

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
chivalry

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Franks

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Allah

Question 77

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Theodoric the Great

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
liege lord

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Five Pillars of Islam

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Vikings