Deck 19: Development Sociology

Question 1

Which one of the following would be classified as 'goods'?

A)Entertainment
B)Transportation
C)Financial services
D)Clothing

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In India, there are an estimated 150 000 largely forest-dwelling peoples officially classified by the government as 'primitive tribal groups'.These groups derive much of their subsistence from foraging and fall under the category

A)pastoral.
B)hunting and gathering.
C)agricultural.
D)horticultural.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

'Domestication' is the characteristic of which two types of societies?

A)Hunting and gathering, agrarian
B)Horticultural, agrarian
C)Agricultural, horticultural
D)Pastoral, horticultural

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The process of bringing plants and animals under human control is known as

A)subjectification.
B)agrarianism.
C)domestication.
D)horticulturalism.

Question 5

What is the fourth industrial revolution about?

A)The impact of a combination of different technologies that will change the way humans interact with information and with technology.
B)A fundamental change in labour from operating muscle to operating machinery.
C)The application of scientific discoveries such as using electricity to mass produce goods and services.
D)The increasing reliance on the computer in areas of work, home and information.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the three major, ongoing revolutions that have shaped the world's economic system?

A)Agricultural
B)Scientific
C)Industrial
D)Information

Question 7

Wealth beyond what is needed to meet basic human needs such as food and shelter is known as

A)excess wealth.
B)surplus goods.
C)surplus wealth.
D)excessive wealth.

Question 8

Which one of the following would be classified as a 'service?'

A)Growing food
B)Manufacturing clothing
C)Providing transportation
D)Building computer hardware

Question 9

___________ include(s) any product that is manufactured, grown or extracted from the earth.

A)Services
B)Goods
C)Products
D)Economics

Question 10

________________ societies do not possess the technology that allows them to create surplus wealth.

A)Pastoral
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Agricultural
D)Horticultural

Question 11

Choose the incorrect option.Development sociology is _____________

A)The study of the causes and consequences of economic change in society.
B)About understanding how economic practices and processes affect social change
C)The study of the patterns of celestial bodies' impacting the earth's surface and changes in ecology.
D)About considering different economic development interventions begun by policymakers.

Question 12

Choose the correct option.The first Industrial Revolution is characterised by

A)the change from hunter-gatherer to pastoral type societies.
B)the change from manual mostly hand-driven work to mechanised work.
C)the change from services to goods.
D)the high digitisation of information and data.

Question 13

Under hunter-gatherer type societies, the land is seen as something __________

A)to be conquered between tribes
B)to be settled on and farmed
C)to be shared communally as a resource
D)to be exploited for human consumption

Question 14

The division of labour in the hunter-gatherer societies is ________

A)equal
B)simple
C)complicated
D)divided

Question 15

____________ are institutions that coordinate human activity to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services.

A)Economic systems
B)Political systems
C)Educational systems
D)Religions

Question 16

___________ change the way in which people work.

A)Job opportunities
B)Industrial revolutions
C)Career paths
D)Political systems

Question 17

Each of the six types of societies (hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial) is distinguished by

A)the amount of surplus wealth that the people living in them are able to produce
B)the level of inequality inherent in the society
C)their primary food source
D)their views on nature and the environment

Question 18

The quote 'the most successful and long-persistent lifestyle in the career of our species' refers to which type of society?

A)Pastoral
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Agricultural
D)Horticultural

Question 19

_________________ include(s) activities performed by others that result in no tangible product, such as entertainment, transportation, and personal care.

A)Services
B)Goods
C)Products
D)Economics

Question 20

How many industrial revolutions are we said to have experienced so far as in human history?

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Question 21

The term ________ was first used in the early 19th century in response to the excessive poverty and inequality that accompanied the Industrial Revolution.

A)socialism
B)capitalism
C)domestication
D)democracy

Question 22

_____________ economies are the most important characteristic of capitalistic systems.

A)Government-run
B)Profit-driven
C)Technologically-focused
D)Collective ownership

Question 23

_____________ is a foundation of the socialist economic system.

A)Private property
B)Self-interest
C)Public ownership
D)Profit

Question 24

__________________ economies are defined by the manipulation of numbers, words, images, and other symbols.

A)Colonial
B)Agricultural
C)Post-industrial
D)Industrial

Question 25

Which one of the following inventions fundamentally changed the status of women in relation to men?

A)The plow
B)The automobile
C)The dishwasher
D)The light bulb

Question 26

The invention of the plow 6 000 years ago marked the emergence of _____________ societies.

A)agricultural
B)horticultural
C)pastoral
D)post-industrial

Question 27

______ maintain that banks, credit lending institutions, modes of transportation and the media should be state-owned.

A)Capitalists
B)Socialists
C)Economists
D)Theologians

Question 28

________________ societies rely on hand tools such as hoes and employ slash-and-burn technology.

A)Agricultural
B)Hunting and gathering
C)Horticultural
D)Primitive

Question 29

________ is an essential characteristic of socialist systems.

A)Public ownership of the means of production
B)Private ownership of the means of production
C)The law of supply and demand
D)A consumer-driven economy

Question 30

Mass production and consumption were made possible through

A)innovation.
B)domestication.
C)post-industrialisation.
D)industrialisation.

Question 31

South Africa is a former colony of which one of the following countries?

A)France
B)United States
C)Britain
D)Germany

Question 32

'When consumer demand for an item increases, prices rise.' This principle applies to

A)socialist forms of economic activity.
B)the laws of supply and demand.
C)mechanisation.
D)the division of labour.

Question 33

The innovation that turned the hand loom into a power loom, the horse-drawn carriage into the steam engine, and the blacksmith's hammer into a power machine is

A)capitalism.
B)domestication.
C)mechanisation.
D)the computer chip.

Question 34

The distinguishing feature of the post-industrial society is

A)the ability to produce goods and services at revolutionary speeds.
B)the mass production of goods that allowed people to purchase more products than they needed.
C)the tremendous change of scale in the number of people a person knows or can know.
D)that a small percentage of the population can grow food needed to sustain society.

Question 35

Silicon chips, fibre optics and satellites are technologies associated with the

A)agricultural revolution.
B)domestication revolution.
C)Industrial Revolution.
D)post-industrial revolution

Question 36

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of capitalism?

A)Private ownership of property
B)Profit-driven
C)Governed by law of supply and demand
D)Government-regulated economies

Question 37

Choose the incorrect option.According to Daniel Bell (1999) post-industrial societies

A)are built on intellectual technologies
B)emphasise education
C)recognise that capital is not only financial, but also social
D)are illusionary or not-real societies and exist only in science-fiction tales.

Question 38

The skills needed for jobs in the ___________ revolve around interpersonal communication, reading, writing, and calculating.

A)agricultural sector
B)manufacturing sector
C)post-industrial economy
D)secondary economy

Question 39

Under a system of private ownership, _______ own the means of production.

A)individuals
B)unions
C)governments
D)communes

Question 40

_____________ is a form of domination in which one country imposes its political, economic, social and cultural institutions on an indigenous population and the land the indigenous population occupies.

A)Mechanisation
B)Colonialisation
C)Industrialisation
D)Revolution

Question 41

____________________ economies are built on a few commodities, or even a single commodity or natural resource.

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Semi-peripheral
D)Industrial

Question 42

Services refers to all activities performed for mainly consumers in order to contribute to the ongoing nature and activities of the economy.

Question 43

An economic system comprises of a structure/s that coordinate human activity in production, distribution and consumption of goods, services and other.

Question 44

The first Industrial Revolution changed manual labour into mechanised labour.

Question 45

Today, several countries in the world are agrarian, for example India's agricultural sector is largely agrarian.

Question 46

The Industrial Revolution cannot be separated from colonisation.

Question 47

Goods refer to products such as the activities performed by others without an outcome.

Question 48

The government of India maintains tight control over the economy, including more than 500 major companies it owns.This feature fits which one the following economic structures?

A)Market-oriented
B)Capitalist
C)Socialist
D)Theocracy

Question 49

The US economy can be classified as all but one of the following:

A)Market-oriented
B)Capitalist
C)Socialist
D)Dominated by private enterprise

Question 50

Agrarian societies are notable the most equal types of societies, sharing everything in community.

Question 51

____________________ economies are characterised by moderate wealth, extreme inequality, and moderately diverse economies.

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Semi-peripheral
D)Industrial

Question 52

India follows a ___________ model that strives to balance the 'economics of growth with the economics of equity'.An example is government forgiveness of loans for the poorest farmers.

A)welfare state
B)capitalist
C)socialist
D)theocracy

Question 53

The term 'welfare state' refers to

A)a state in which more than 25% of its population relies on government assistance.
B)an economic system in which the population relies solely on the government.
C)a socialist economic system.
D)an economic system that is a hybrid of capitalism and socialism.

Question 54

____________________ economies include the wealthiest, most highly diversified economies with strong, stable governments.

A)Core
B)Peripheral
C)Semi-peripheral
D)Industrial

Question 55

It is predicted that the last hunter-gatherers on the planet will cease to exist by 2020.

Question 56

According to world system theorists, capitalism has come to dominate the world economy because

A)under this system, governments control economic activities.
B)it is the only economic system in the world.
C)of the ways in which capitalists respond to changes in the economy, especially to economic stagnation.
D)national interests take precedence over corporate interests.

Question 57

The United States outsources manufacturing jobs to India, but India outsources work to countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and even lower-wage cities and towns in the United States.In this instance, India would be classified as a ______________ economy.

A)core
B)peripheral
C)semi-peripheral
D)industrial

Question 58

Coffee accounts for at least 50 per cent of the revenue that Uganda and Burundi earn from their exports.This reliance on one commodity explains why they are classified as _________ economies.

A)core
B)peripheral
C)semi-peripheral
D)middle-income

Question 59

Pastoral and horticultural societies are responsible for mechanised production and manufacturing of products.

Question 60

Hunting and gathering tribes have no division of labour.

Question 61

Industrial societies rely mainly on animal-drawn ploughs to farm the land.

Question 62

In post-industrial societies, the skills needed for jobs revolve around interpersonal communication, reading, writing and calculating.

Question 63

Capitalism is an economic system that relies on communal ownership of mass produced goods.

Question 64

The economic system of capitalism is driven by profit, minimising costs and surplus labour.

Question 65

Under capitalism, the owners of the means of production maximise profits.

Question 66

IT stands for extra-terrestrial inventive technology.

Question 67

A welfare state is one in which most of the population receives government assistance and does not pursue profit-making ventures.

Question 68

While 'green' technologies will reduce US dependence on foreign oil, they create a new type of dependence on foreign sources for minerals.

Question 69

At the height of its rule, the British Empire controlled 25 per cent of the world's population.

Question 70

Socialist systems are governed by the laws of supply and demand.

Question 71

Scenario 1 'In less than three decades, Taiwan has become a major economic player not only in the economy of the Pacific Rim but [also] in the global system as well.Foreign investors have played a vital role in Taiwan's economic development.For example, a mass buyer, like Sears or K-Mart, would visit Taiwanese factories and order goods in bulk for sale under the chain's brand name.A company like Arrow shirts or U.S.Shoe would supply samples to several factories and then contract with the factory that offered the best deal in terms of cost and quality.The "Made in Taiwan" label spread worldwide, even if no one outside Taiwan knew a single Taiwanese company that produced the products' (Goldstein 1991).