Deck 11: Race

Question 1

We do not choose our biological parents nor can we control the physical characteristics we inherit from them.These facts speak to the role of ___________ in determining race and ethnicity.

A)chance
B)choice
C)context
D)understanding

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A(n) _______________ consists of people within a larger society who possess a group consciousness because they share or believe they share a common ancestry, place of birth, history, key experience, or some other distinctive social traits.

A)Primary group
B)Ethnic group
C)Racial group
D)Subgroup

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The expression 'race card' is used in reference to those who use _____________ to their advantage.

A)racism.
B)religion
C)political beliefs
D)educational policies

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When a person discovers an ethnic identity and takes it upon themselves to find, learn about, and claim an ethnic heritage their sense of ethnicity can shift.This process is known as

A)ethnic shifting.
B)ethnic cleansing.
C)ethnic revitalisation.
D)ethnic renewal.

Question 5

When sociologists study race, they study all but one of the following:

A)The meanings assigned to physical traits
B)The rules for placing people into racial categories
C)The biological reality of race
D)The effect race has on opportunities in life

Question 6

To _____________ racial categories is to treat them as if they are real and meaningful and to forget they are made up.

A)justify
B)question
C)reify
D)classify

Question 7

James identifies himself as 'South African' even though he knows one of his grandfathers was from Lesotho.This example speaks to the process of

A)selective forgetting.
B)involuntary ethnicity.
C)ethnic pride.
D)ethnic renewal.

Question 8

The process by which people forget, dismiss, or fail to pass on a connection to one or more ethnicities is known as

A)involuntary forgetting.
B)involuntary ethnicity.
C)selective forgetting.
D)selective perception

Question 9

___________________ is a situation in which a dominant group defines some subgroup of people in racial or ethnic terms, thereby forcing that subgroup to become, appear, or feel more ethnic than they might otherwise be.

A)Designated ethnicity
B)Ethnicity
C)Foreign ethnicity
D)Involuntary ethnicity

Question 10

Sociologists use the concept _________ in reference to those who have little to no awareness of an ethnic identity because their culture is considered normative or mainstream.

A)involuntary ethnicity.
B)primary ethnicity.
C)ethnic renewal.
D)hidden ethnicity.

Question 11

The ethnic group in a society that possesses the greatest access to valued resources is known as

A)the dominant ethnic group.
B)a primary ethnic group.
C)the involuntary ethnic group.
D)the ruling class.

Question 12

_____________ is the larger social setting in which racial and ethnic categories are recognised, created, and challenged.

A)Chance
B)Context
C)Choice
D)Conscious

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not associated with racial formation theory?

A)People come to 'see' racial categories as natural ways to divide humanity.
B)People hold unquestioned assumptions about those associated with a specific racial category.
C)People often question the basic assumptions they have about race when they meet people who defy those expectations and assumptions.
D)Ideas about racial categories are believed to be so obvious or natural they need not be questioned.

Question 14

When a government or dominant group creates an ethnic category into which it 'forces' a group or a wide variety of peoples who have no say in the category or its name, the ethnicity is a(n) __________ one.

A)official
B)involuntary
C)ethnic
D)indigenous

Question 15

Tiger Woods' mother is half Thai, one-quarter Chinese, and one-quarter white.His father is half black, one-quarter Chinese, and one-quarter American Indian.Tiger appears 'black'.Tiger's physical appearance reflects the importance of ___________ in regard to racial classification.

A)chance
B)context
C)choice
D)consciousness

Question 16

When asked what ethnicity she is, Rita says "I don't have an ethnicity, I'm just Indian".This is an example of

A)involuntary ethnicity.
B)primary ethnicity.
C)ethnic renewal.
D)hidden ethnicity.

Question 17

___________ is a series of human-constructed categories based on observable physical traits and geographic origin that assume great social importance.

A)Assimilation
B)Race
C)Segregation
D)A minority group

Question 18

______________ relates to those things not subject to human will, choice, or effort.

A)Chance
B)Context
C)Choice
D)Conscious

Question 19

President Barack Obama is considered the first black president of the United States, despite the fact that he described his father as a Kenyan born immigrant who was "black as pitch" and a Kansas-born mother as "white as milk".This speaks to the idea that

A)there is such thing as a 'pure' race.
B)race is a human-created way of categorising people.
C)race is a biological reality.
D)race has no real social significance.

Question 20

In an interview, Tiger Woods remarked, "In this country, I'm looked at as being black.When I go to Thailand, I'm considered Thai.It's very interesting.And when I go to Japan, I'm considered Asian.I don't know why it is, but it just is".Woods' observations speak to the importance of

A)choice.
B)context.
C)chance.
D)choice in context.

Question 21

_______ are subpopulations within a society that are systematically excluded from full participation in society and denied equal opportunities to power, prestige, and wealth.

A)Stigmatised groups
B)Minority groups
C)The foreign born
D)The native born

Question 22

When prejudiced people encounter a minority person that contradicts stereotypes, usually

A)they come to see the group in a new light.
B)the stereotype is discredited.
C)they see that person as an 'exception to the rule'.
D)they fail to notice the person.

Question 23

The statement "I can do poorly on a test without worrying that my classmates or professor will attribute it to my race or ethnicity" can be seen as an example of which characteristic of minority groups?

A)Social and spatial isolation
B)Lack of access to taken-for-granted advantages and immunities enjoyed by a dominant group
C)Membership is involuntary
D)Minorities may be the numerical majority

Question 24

__________ assimilation produces a newly blended cultural system.

A)Melting pot
B)Absorption
C)Involuntary
D)Voluntary

Question 25

Melting pot assimilation

A)is a one-sided process in which a minority group is absorbed into the dominant culture.
B)exists when a minority group identifies with the dominant culture.
C)occurs when a minority group procreates with those of a dominant group.
D)is a new process of cultural blending in which the groups involved accept new behaviours and values from one another.

Question 26

The process by which ethnic and racial distinctions between groups disappear is

A)assimilation.
B)cultivation.
C)institutionalisation.
D)socialisation.

Question 27

The key characteristic determining minority status is

A)size relative to the dominant group.
B)voluntary emigration.
C)lack of access to power, prestige, and wealth.
D)physical appearance distinct from the majority of people in the society.

Question 28

______________ occurs when all of the important and meaningful primary relationships (dating, play, school, and fraternity groups) are confined largely to people of the same racial and ethnic groups.

A)Assimilation
B)Stratification
C)Segregation
D)Acculturation

Question 29

The concept of melting pot assimilation can be applied to the experiences of

A)the various African ethnic groups brought to the United States as slaves.
B)the various Hispanic groups that have settled in the United States.
C)international labour migrants in Germany.
D)East and West Germans after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Question 30

Which of the following characteristics does not apply to the concept of prejudice?

A)A rigid and unfavourable judgement about an outgroup
B)Contradictory evidence weakens the unfavourable judgement
C)Supported by stereotypes
D)Applied to anyone who is a member of the outgroup

Question 31

In __________ assimilation, members of a minority, ethnic, or racial group adapt to the ways of the dominant group.

A)melting pot
B)absorption
C)involuntary
D)voluntary

Question 32

Stereotypes are supported and reinforced in a number of ways.Which of the following is not one of those ways?

A)Prejudiced people noticing only those facts that support stereotypes.
B)Prejudiced people seeing those who defy stereotypes as an exception to the rule.
C)Prejudiced people evaluating the same behaviours differently depending on the race/ethnicity of the person involved.
D)Prejudiced people recognising new or unexpected information that contradicts generalisations.

Question 33

_____________ is the physical and/or social separation of categories of people from one another.

A)Absorption assimilation
B)Involuntary migration
C)Segregation
D)Melting pot assimilation

Question 34

Stereotypes are

A)simplistic, and very often inaccurate, generalisations about people who belong to an out-group.
B)accurate generalisations about people who belong to an out-group.
C)rigid and unfavourable judgements about an in-group.
D)unintentional policies that discriminate.

Question 35

When prejudiced people notice only those behaviours that support stereotypes about a particular minority group, they are engaging in

A)discrimination.
B)selective perception.
C)a hate crime.
D)visualisation.

Question 36

Sexual relationships between enslaved women and their masters produced not only 'mixed race' offspring but also sons and daughters.Yet the system of racial classification assigned the offspring of these unions to the race of the mother.This situation speaks to the importance of ____________ in determining race.

A)chance
B)choice
C)context
D)choice in context

Question 37

Which one of the following statements about minority status is false?

A)A minority may be the numerical majority in a society.
B)Minorities do not enjoy the freedom or the privilege to move within the society in the same way that members of the dominant group do.
C)People that belong to a minority group are treated as a category, not as individuals.
D)Minority status is a sociological term that applies exclusively to racial and ethnic groups.

Question 38

Modern racism

A)emerged as a way to justify European exploitation of people and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
B)is a product of the civil rights movement.
C)was made illegal under Jim Crow.
D)emerged as a result of melting pot assimilation.

Question 39

The most controversial quality identified as a characteristic of a minority group is that

A)people who belong to such a group are treated as members of a category.
B)minority status is based on numbers.
C)a minority group may be the majority of the population.
D)membership is involuntary; if people are free to leave the group, they do not constitute a minority.

Question 40

Ethnic and racial groups that did not choose to be part of a country are

A)voluntary minorities.
B)involuntary minorities.
C)political refugees.
D)labour migrants.

Question 41

A stigma is considered discrediting because it

A)damages the possessor's reputation.
B)means the person cannot get financial credit.
C)overshadows all other attributes that a person might possess.
D)draws attention to other positive and negative characteristics.

Question 42

The key to minority status is smaller numbers relative to the majority population.

Question 43

In the United States, people classified as white have a great deal of freedom to claim a non-European ethnic identity.

Question 44

The process by which members of a minority group adapt to the ways of the dominant group is known as melting pot assimilation

Question 45

People who belong to a minority group are treated as members of a category.

Question 46

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of mixed contacts?

A)Sometimes the stigmatised and the 'normals' avoid each other.
B)The stigmatised are sure that everyone they meet will view them in a negative light.
C)'Normals' often view accomplishments by the stigmatised as signs of remarkable and noteworthy capacities.
D)Stigmatised persons experience invasions of privacy.

Question 47

The distinction between prejudice and discrimination is that

A)prejudice is a behaviour, and discrimination is an attitude.
B)prejudice is an attitude, and discrimination is a behaviour.
C)prejudice is an ideology, and discrimination is an attitude.
D)prejudice is an attitude, and discrimination is an ideology.

Question 48

Mary's supervisor tells her that the only way to prevent theft is to follow black customers as they shop.Mary complies because she does not want to lose her job.Mary is a

A)non-prejudiced non-discriminator.
B)non-prejudiced discriminator.
C)prejudiced non-discriminator.
D)prejudiced discriminator.

Question 49

The civil rights movement in the United States was a response to individual discrimination.

Question 50

Distinguishing between race and ethnicity is complicated because racial and ethnic identities are intertwined.

Question 51

Goffman used the term 'normal' to mean

A)healthy.
B)well-adjusted.
C)those who possess no discrediting attribute.
D)free of pathology.

Question 52

Institutionalised discrimination can exist even if most members are not prejudiced.

Question 53

Jerome admits that "whenever someone would break out the inevitable 'black joke', I would be angered, but I didn't want to jeopardise my own social standing by speaking up".Jerome's behaviour and conflicting attitude represents that of a(n)

A)non-prejudiced non-discriminator.
B)non-prejudiced discriminator.
C)prejudiced non-discriminator.
D)prejudiced discriminator.

Question 54

Historically, race- and ethnic-related considerations have played major roles in any country's immigration policy.

Question 55

__________ is unequal treatment (intentional or unintentional) on the basis of ascribed attributes, such as race and gender.

A)Discrimination
B)Prejudice
C)Racism
D)Stereotyping

Question 56

Individual choice regarding race is constrained by chance and context.

Question 57

__________ is the established and customary way of doing things in society that keeps minority members in a disadvantaged position.

A)Systematic discrimination
B)Corporate discrimination
C)Normative discrimination
D)Institutionalised discrimination

Question 58

Discrimination is a behaviour prejudice is an attitude.

Question 59

There are two kinds of assimilation: absorption assimilation and melting pot assimilation.

Question 60

According to sociologist Erving Goffman, the very anticipation of contact can cause the 'normals' and the stigmatised to try to avoid one another.This is because the two parties

A)wish to resist the social pressures pushing them to interact with one another.
B)wish to avoid discomfort, rejection, and suspicions they encounter from people in the other group.
C)believe they cannot form a relationship that matches the 'ideal' kind of relationship portrayed in the media.
D)have experienced negative reactions from everyone they have encountered in the other group.

Question 61

In South Africa it is interesting to note that African nationals have experienced xenophobia.

Question 62

The ANC was started in 1912.

Question 63

Prejudice is an attitude.

Question 64

Racial classification was the cornerstone of apartheid.

Question 65

Race as lived experience is also known as the materiality of race.

Question 66

Colour prejudice is not considered a common practice in South Africa.

Question 67

During the apartheid White people did not live separately from the Black people.

Question 68

Racial segregation was introduced during colonial times under the Dutch East India Company.

Question 69

The Griqua did not adopt Afrikaans language as their language of communication.

Question 70

Steve Biko authored the book I Write What I Like.

Question 71

Apartheid is not important for the study of race in South Africa.

Question 72

The Group Areas Act of 1950 was the second pillar of apartheid.

Question 73

Children born in the year 1994 and after are referred to as the 'born frees'.

Question 74

Stereotypes operate on already established and fixed beliefs.

Question 75

Racism is an act of aggression carried out by an individual.

Question 76

The Bantu Education Act came into effect in 1950.

Question 77

Ethnicity does not refer to social characteristics and traits that are shared and upheld by a population group.

Question 78

White power and White privilege are two necessary ingredients for the functioning of racism.

Question 79

Resistance is the act of opposition.