Question 1

A crucial prevailing theme in this text is:&#10;A) knowing and understanding underlying formulas.&#10;B) correctly translating words into statistics.&#10;C) computation.&#10;D) statistical inference and decision making.

Accepted Answer

The text primarily focuses on the use of statistics in making decisions and drawing inferences, such as in medical research or opinion polling. While formulas and computation are mentioned, they are not the main theme of the text. Translating words into statistics is also not heavily emphasized.

Question 2

If the results of the experiment or observations match the claim, then:&#10;A) we can be sure that the claim is correct.&#10;B) we can state that the claim is wrong.&#10;C) we cannot make any statement.&#10;D) we must temporarily accept the claim until we have evidence that suggests otherwise.

Accepted Answer

Even if the results match the claim, we cannot be 100% sure that the claim is correct. However, we can temporarily accept the claim until we have more evidence to support or reject it. Science is a continuous process of testing and refining hypotheses and theories, so we cannot jump to conclusions based on one set of results.

Question 3

The purpose of _______________ is to quantify the normal, everyday deductive process.&#10;A) problem solving&#10;B) experimentation&#10;C) statistics&#10;D) inference

Accepted Answer

Statistics involves the use of data to make predictions or conclusions about a population. This process involves deductive reasoning based on the information provided by the data. By quantifying this process, statistics allows for more accurate and objective decision-making.

Question 4

In the four steps of statistical inference, the claim is best described as:&#10;A) the experimental outcome.&#10;B) the likelihood of occurrence of the observed experimental outcome.&#10;C) the status quo&#8213;what we assume to be true.&#10;D) our natural reaction to an experimental outcome.

Accepted Answer

The claim is the status quo, or what is assumed to be true, in the context of statistical inference. It is the starting point for the analysis and serves as the null hypothesis that is tested against the alternative hypothesis.

Question 5

A researcher makes a claim and then runs an experiment to test the claim.The researcher gets results that are quite unexpected but still within the limits of the claim.The researcher should:&#10;A) disregard luck and think something is wrong with the claim.&#10;B) abandon the claim.&#10;C) not use the results to cast doubt on the original claim.&#10;D) rerun the experiment.

Accepted Answer

Since the results are still within the limits of the claim, the researcher should not use the unexpected results to cast doubt on the original claim. It is important to not let random variability in results affect the integrity of the experiment and the original claim. However, if the unexpected results continue to occur, the researcher may want to rerun the experiment or consider if something may be wrong with the claim.

Question 6

The __________________ in this text is (are) a prescriptive technique for problem solving.&#10;A) Socratic method&#10;B) four statistical inference steps&#10;C) vision or strategy&#10;D) technology

Accepted Answer

The Socratic method is a prescriptive technique for problem solving, as it involves a series of questions and discussions aimed at discovering the underlying assumptions and reasoning behind a particular issue or problem. The other options, such as the four statistical inference steps, vision or strategy, and technology, are not necessarily prescriptive techniques for problem solving, but rather may be tools, concepts, or approaches that can be used within a problem-solving process.

Question 7

In a(n) _______________, we investigate the effects of certain conditions on individuals or objects in the sample by consciously varying the situation.&#10;A) statistical setting&#10;B) observational study&#10;C) experimental study&#10;D) population

Accepted Answer

In an experimental study, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more variables to observe how the changes affect the individuals or objects in the sample. This allows for determining causality and testing hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 8

An experiment is invalid (no good) for making inferences if:&#10;A) the claim could not possibly be wrong.&#10;B) the claim could not possibly be right.&#10;C) the claim has an equal likelihood of being wrong or right.&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

An experiment must allow for the possibility of being proven wrong to be valid for making inferences. If a claim cannot be wrong (A), cannot be right (B), or has an equal likelihood of being wrong or right without clear evidence (C), the experiment does not provide a meaningful test of the hypothesis.

Question 9

The first step in the process of questioning a rare occurrence is to:&#10;A) do an experiment.&#10;B) make a claim.&#10;C) state a conclusion.&#10;D) assess the likelihood of the results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in the process of...

Question 10

The five technology tools presented in this text are the TI-84 Plus C calculator, R, Excel 2016, Minitab, and:&#10;A) SPSS.&#10;B) CrunchIt.&#10;C) JMP.&#10;D) MATLAB.

Accepted Answer

CrunchIt is the fifth technology tool mentioned in the text.

Question 11

A researcher makes a claim and then runs an experiment to test the claim.The researcher gets results that are very unexpected and definitely outside of the limits of the claim.The researcher should:&#10;A) disregard the lucky alternative and think is the original claim may be wrong.&#10;B) not doubt the original claim.&#10;C) decide there is no evidence to suggest the claim is false.&#10;D) test the claim again.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher makes a claim and then...

Deck 1: Why Study Statistics