Deck 12: Disordered Eating and Exercise Patterns in Athletes

Question 1

State the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified.

Answer 1

not answer

Question 2

Explain why eating disorders are classified as psychiatric diseases.

Answer 2

not answer

Question 3

Describe the concepts of normal eating, disordered eating, and eating disorders.

Answer 3

not answer

Question 4

determine whether the symptom described is part of the medical diagnostic criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia.
Concern about body shape or weight

A) Anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 5

Discuss the appropriate responses by teammates, coaches, athletic trainers, and others if disordered eating or an eating disorder is suspected.

Question 6

determine whether the symptom described is part of the medical diagnostic criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia.
Losing 5 pounds

A) Anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 7

determine whether the symptom described is part of the medical diagnostic criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia.
Intense fear of gaining weight

A) Anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 8

Why are eating disorders classified as psychiatric diseases?

A) The fundamental causes involve issues such as body image and control.
B) Eating disorders are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
C) Eating disorders have few physiological effects.
D) Health insurance reimbursement is higher for psychiatric diseases.

Question 9

Differentiate between athletes with eating disorders and those who are training intensely but do not have a disordered eating pattern.

Question 10

The best description of "normal" eating is:

A) unplanned.
B) systematic.
C) flexible.
D) ritualistic.

Question 11

Describe exercise dependence and explain how it differs from overtraining.

Question 12

Explain the Female Athlete Triad and how each component affects health and performance.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with anorexia athletica?

A) Voluntary excessive exercise
B) Weight cycling
C) Losing body fat to improve performance
D) Lifelong struggle with abnormal eating patterns

Question 14

In which sport are athletes likely to meet the criteria for anorexia athletica but rarely for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa?

A) Gymnastics
B) Wrestling
C) Ballet
D) Long-distance running

Question 15

determine whether the symptom described is part of the medical diagnostic criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia.
Lack of control over eating during a binge

A) Anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 16

How do the terms eating disorder and disordered eating compare?

A) These are interchangeable terms.
B) Disordered eating is a precise term while eating disorder is a general term.
C) An eating disorder has specified criteria but disordered eating is not well defined.
D) Disordered eating has specified criteria but an eating disorder does not.

Question 17

Outline the characteristics of anorexia athletica and compare and contrast it with other eating disorders.

Question 18

determine whether the symptom described is part of the medical diagnostic criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia.
Amenorrhea

A) Anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 19

An individual demonstrates some signs of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa but does not fully meet the criteria for either. How would this condition be characterized?

A) Anorexia nervosa, purging type
B) Binge eating disorder
C) Eating disorder not otherwise specified
D) "Normal" eating

Question 20

State the prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders in the male and female athletic and general populations and discuss its impact on physical and mental health and performance.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the condition known as muscle dysmorphia?

A) Excessive protein synthesis in skeletal muscles
B) Severe psychological distress if not able to exercise
C) Lack of increase in muscle mass despite appropriate eating and exercise
D) Preoccupation and dissatisfaction with muscle size

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding male athletes and eating disorders?

A) Eating disorders have only been documented in female athletes.
B) Eating disorders have been documented in males but only in wrestlers and bodybuilders.
C) Eating disorders in male athletes have been reported but the prevalence is low.
D) The prevalence of eating disorders in male athletes is approaching that of female athletes.

Question 23

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Ritualized diet

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 24

Bone density

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 25

What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in late-adolescent and early-adult females?

A) 0.5-1.0%
B) 1-3%
C) 8%
D) 12%

Question 26

Why are wrestlers who restrict food and purge to "make weight" not considered to have an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)?

A) They only behave this way during wrestling season.
B) They do not base their self-esteem on weight.
C) They fall within the normal range on tests of eating attitudes.
D) a and b
E) All of the above

Question 27

Long-term performance

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 28

The best definition of excessive exercise is:

A) exercise equivalent to running more than 50 miles/week.
B) exercise equivalent to running more than 100 miles/week.
C) exercise equivalent to running more than 150 miles/week.
D) none of the above

Question 29

Which eating disorder is the most prevalent in outpatient settings?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Eating disorders not otherwise specified
D) All of the above have about the same prevalence

Question 30

Which condition listed below is the most prevalent in athletes?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Disordered eating
D) All of the above have approximately the same prevalence

Question 31

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Includes healthy foods in the diet

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 32

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Strictly controls energy (calorie) intake

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 33

Amenorrhea is associated with:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia athletica.
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 34

Need for treatment

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 35

Time spent in a treatment program

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 36

Muscle mass

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 37

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
High level of physical training

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 38

What is the prevalence of bulimia nervosa in late-adolescent and early-adult females?

A) 0.5-1.0%
B) 1-3%
C) 8%
D) 12%

Question 39

Metabolic rate

A) Likely to decline
B) Likely to increase
C) Not likely to be affected

Question 40

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Accurate body image

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 41

Which is the most recognizable symptom of the Female Athlete Triad?

A) Disordered eating
B) Amenorrhea
C) Osteoporosis

Question 42

Osteopenia is defined as a low:

A) bone mineral density.
B) bone mineral density with changes in bone microarchitecture.
C) calcium intake in the presence of amenorrhea.
D) calcium intake over several decades.

Question 43

What are the three distinct but interrelated factors associated with the Female Athlete Triad?

A) Health, fitness, and longevity
B) Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia athletica
C) Appearance, performance, and optimal body weight
D) Energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density

Question 44

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Flexible diet plan

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 45

What causes the amenorrhea in those diagnosed with the Female Athlete Triad?

A) Extremely low body fat stores
B) Chronic energy deficits
C) Increase in stress hormones due to exercise
D) All of the above

Question 46

Why does the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission recommend that coaches not be involved in determining or evaluating an athlete's weight or body composition?

A) Coaches always choose a weight that is too low.
B) Coaches typically have the most influence over an athlete's behavior.
C) Coaches do not have the time to closely monitor the athlete's diet.
D) Coaches cause eating disorders.

Question 47

If the presence of an eating disorder is suspected, which is the most appropriate course of action for a coach to take?

A) Give the athlete time to resolve the issue before taking any action.
B) Ask an assistant coach or athletic trainer to talk directly to the athlete.
C) Meet with the athlete and casually discuss his or her food intake.
D) Immediately refer the athlete to a trained professional for further evaluation.

Question 48

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Maintenance of muscle mass

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 49

Studies conducted in amenorrheic distance runners suggest that:

A) long-duration, weight-bearing exercise compensates for the loss of bone mineral density associated with amenorrhea.
B) bone mineral density declines in the first six months and then stabilizes due to long-duration, weight-bearing exercise.
C) osteopenia and osteoporosis do occur despite long-duration, weight-bearing exercise.
D) loss of bone mineral density is primarily a result of very low calcium intake, not exercise.

Question 50

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Purposeful overtraining

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 51

determine whether each behavior is shared by all athletes or unique to athletes who exhibit normal or disordered eating.
Improvement of performance over the season

A) Characteristic of an athlete with disordered eating
B) Characteristic of an athlete with normal eating pattern
C) Shared characteristic

Question 52

Eating disorders are classified as psychiatric diseases because control, body image, and self-esteem are underlying factors.

Question 53

Normal eating in elite athletes is hard to define but is typically characterized by discipline but not obsession.

Question 54

Low energy availability is defined as a(n):

A) energy expenditure that routinely exceeds energy intake.
B) low energy intake caused by an eating disorder.
C) hormonal disruption that results in the delayed uptake of glucose.
D) reduced metabolic rate due to self-imposed starvation.

Question 55

Eating disorders and disordered eating differ in their degree of severity.

Question 56

Disordered eating is hard to define but easy to recognize.

Question 57

Normal eating involves moderate restraint.

Question 58

Normal eating is defined as meeting all of the body's physiological needs.

Question 59

Amenorrhea is defined as an:

A) abnormally high concentration of estrogen-related hormones.
B) absence or suppression of menstruation.
C) excess production of testosterone in females.
D) absence of normal testosterone production in males.

Question 60

What effect does amenorrhea in athletes have on stress fractures?

A) Prevalence of stress fractures is higher in those with amenorrhea.
B) Prevalence of stress fractures is lower in those with amenorrhea.
C) It has no effect on stress fractures.

Question 61

Suppression of menstruation in female athletes is due to low body fat stores.

Question 62

Diagnosing exercise dependence or voluntary excessive exercise is relatively easy because the diagnostic criterion is specific for the maximum amount of exercise that should be performed in a week.

Question 63

Many highly trained athletes monitor their caloric intake but one of the distinguishing features of an athlete with a disordered eating pattern is that caloric intake is inadequate.

Question 64

Athletes with and without disordered eating patterns share many features of their diet and exercise patterns but differ in their actions and perspectives.

Question 65

Most wrestlers that use self-induced vomiting and laxatives to "cut" weight also have eating disorders.

Question 66

The onset of anorexia nervosa is most common during late adolescence and early adulthood.

Question 67

Sports considered at high risk for development of disordered eating include bodybuilding, lightweight rowing, and distance running.

Question 68

One of the results of a prolonged energy deficit is the suppression of menstruation in female athletes.

Question 69

Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with low estrogen secretion that results in the loss of calcium from bone.

Question 70

Anorexia nervosa means loss of appetite due to nervousness, which describes the first symptom that usually occurs.

Question 71

Eating disorders are psychiatric diseases; therefore, treatment programs are limited to psychological therapy.

Question 72

High-volume weight-bearing exercise offsets the loss of bone mineral density that would otherwise occur in amenorrheic athletes.

Question 73

The term "mixed eating disorder" is also used to describe anorexia athletica.

Question 74

Those with bulimia nervosa most commonly purge by using laxatives.

Question 75

In females, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa is greater than the prevalence of anorexia nervosa.

Question 76

Weight cycling is a common characteristic of both anorexia athletica and anorexia nervosa.

Question 77

Those with bulimia nervosa are usually obese.

Question 78

In those with anorexia athletica, the primary purpose of a low body weight is performance rather than appearance.

Question 79

Little is known about eating disorders and disordered eating in males.

Question 80

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimum body weight and an intense fear of gaining weight.