Deck 1: Introduction to Sports Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the term Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?

A) Minimum amount of nutrients needed by an individual each day
B) Maximum amount of nutrients that should not be exceeded each day
C) Current nutrient standard for individuals
D) Eight key nutrients needed for good health

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The exchange system groups together foods that are similar in:

A) vitamin and mineral content.
B) macronutrient content.
C) fiber content.
D) water content.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is the best definition of exercise physiology?

A) Art and science of training
B) Laboratory study of mental and physical fatigue
C) Scientific study of the body's responses and adaptations to movement
D) Clinical observations of acute and chronic exercise

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of exercise?

A) Bodily movement
B) Planned, repetitive physical activity
C) Movement that stresses the cardiovascular system
D) Overload training

Question 5

Distinguish between types of research studies, weak and strong research designs, and correlation and causation.

Question 6

Outline the basic issues related to dietary supplements, such as legality, ethics, purity, safety, and effectiveness.

Question 7

The term endurance athlete is generally interpreted to mean that the athlete:

A) predominantly uses the oxygen-dependent energy system.
B) trains for many hours.
C) only engages in moderate-intensity activity.
D) does not lift weights as part of training.

Question 8

Define key terms such as exercise physiology, nutrition, athlete, physical activity, exercise, and sport.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the application of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) to trained athletes?

A) The DRI are not applicable to athletes because they were developed for the general population.
B) Although they were developed for the general population, athletes can use the DRI to assess the adequacy of their diets.
C) Athletes should add 10% to DRI values to reflect the increased need for nutrients by trained athletes.
D) All of the DRI are applicable to both the general and athletic populations.

Question 10

How does the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) differ from the Adequate Intake (AI)?

A) The strength of the research data used to determine the values differs.
B) The RDA is a U.S. standard while the AI is an international standard.
C) The RDA values are given in pounds and ounces while the AI values are given in kilograms and grams.
D) There is no difference. These are interchangeable terms.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of sports nutrition?

A) Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, and biochemistry of nutrients
B) Energy needed to train and perform
C) Science of eating and supplementation
D) Application of nutritional and physiological principles that support training and performance

Question 12

The term macronutrients typically refers to:

A) any nutrient that provides energy.
B) the eight key nutrients needed for good health.
C) carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 13

The nutrition goals of each mesocycle are:

A) always the same to ensure consistency.
B) a reflection of the intensity and volume of activity.
C) unplanned and very flexible.
D) based on each athlete's aerobic capacity.

Question 14

List and explain basic training and sports nutrition goals.

Question 15

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) helps people to answer which of the following questions regarding vitamins and minerals?

A) Am I deficient?
B) Am I consuming enough?
C) Am I taking in too much?
D) Do I have the right balance between food and supplements?

Question 16

Discuss the accuracy of sports nutrition information obtained on the Internet.

Question 17

Explain the importance of using recommendations based upon current scientific evidence and ways that research results may be misinterpreted.

Question 18

Compare and contrast the academic training and experience necessary to obtain various exercise and nutrition certifications.

Question 19

What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A) Inform people about ways to treat chronic diseases through diet and exercise
B) List the nutrient content of common foods sold in the United States
C) Outline daily and weekly diet and exercise programs for weight reduction
D) Provide basic diet and physical activity guidelines to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk

Question 20

Explain basic nutrition principles and how they might be modified to meet the needs of athletes.

Question 21

Extrapolating research results is not recommended because:

A) only the original population was directly tested.
B) causation is reduced to correlation.
C) consensus has not been reached.
D) it is a Grade I (Level A) conclusion.

Question 22

Regulation of dietary supplements in the U.S. is:

A) among the strictest of all countries in the world.
B) similar to regulation of prescription medications.
C) enhanced through Good Manufacturing Practices intended to raise the standards of dietary supplement manufacturers.
D) non-existent.

Question 23

The term level of evidence refers to:

A) the number of peers who reviewed a research study manuscript.
B) the number of epidemiological studies conducted on a topic.
C) the strength of the study with the largest number of subjects.
D) the relative strength of the collective body of research on a topic.

Question 24

The results of this study will be used to establish a:

A) correlation.
B) cause and effect relationship.

Question 25

Most health-related information on the Internet is found on websites that are supported by:

A) government agencies.
B) non-profit disease prevention groups.
C) commercial enterprises.
D) educational institutions.

Question 26

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) are essentially the same and these terms can be used interchangeably.

Question 27

Sports nutrition is a modification of general nutrition principles developed to support good health, training, performance, and recovery.

Question 28

In the U.S., which of the following meets the legal definition of a dietary supplement?

A) Vitamin or mineral supplement
B) Botanical supplement
C) Herbal supplement
D) All of the above

Question 29

What does it mean when an active ingredient in a dietary supplement or over-the-counter medication is standardized?

A) Strict quality control measures have been followed
B) Amount consumed needs to be adjusted based on body weight
C) The same amount is found in each pill or tablet
D) Only natural extracts are used

Question 30

Which of the following certifications does NOT require a bachelor's degree?

A) Registered dietitian (RD)
B) Registered clinical exercise physiologist (RCEP)
C) Certified athletic trainer (ATC)
D) Personal trainer

Question 31

Was the study randomized?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 32

This study is an example of:

A) case study research.
B) epidemiological research.
C) experimental research.
D) a and c

Question 33

Athletes should follow a rigid diet plan because this is the best way to ensure that both the art and science of nutrition are met.

Question 34

Nutrition periodization is the development of an eating plan over a short period of time (i.e. 1-10 days).

Question 35

Did the study utilize a crossover design?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 36

Was the study double-blind?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 37

Strength athlete is a term that is used to describe an athlete that primarily depends on anaerobic energy systems.

Question 38

Which group was serving as the control group?

A) The cyclists who received a creatine supplement
B) The cyclists who received an inert powder supplement

Question 39

Did the study utilize a placebo?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 40

The weakest of all scientific findings are from which of the following types of studies?

A) Case studies
B) Epidemiological studies
C) Correlational studies
D) Experimental studies

Question 41

To be certified by the American College of Sports Medicine as a personal trainer, an individual must possess an associate's or bachelor's degree in a health- or exercise-related field.

Question 42

When conducting research, both the subject selection and peer review processes should be blind.

Question 43

A rich body of scientific data is a term used to describe information derived from well-designed, high-quality research studies with many subjects.

Question 44

Anecdotal evidence refers to data obtained from research studies with less than 10 subjects.

Question 45

When a practitioner's knowledge and skills in nutrition and exercise are limited, it is a good idea to use public domain documents, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, with clients.

Question 46

The primary source of nutrition information for consumers is the media, predominantly television and magazines.

Question 47

Evidence-based sports nutrition recommendations are based primarily on observing the dietary intakes of successful athletes in a given sport.

Question 48

A Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics (CSSD) is a registered dietitian with specialized knowledge in sports nutrition.

Question 49

Match the basic training principle with the statement that best describes it. Use each answer only once.
a. Adaptation to a given level of stimulus over time
b. Adaptation to a certain type of stimulus
c. Recovery is as important as the stimulus
d. Designating time periods for specific adaptations to occur
e. "Use it or lose it"
Principle of disuse

Question 50

The strength of any scientific recommendation depends on the quality of the research conducted.

Question 51

In the MyPyramid graphic, the largest band is orange, which represents grains. The message of this graphic is that grains should be the largest proportion of food in the total diet.

Question 52

Match the basic training principle with the statement that best describes it. Use each answer only once.
a. Adaptation to a given level of stimulus over time
b. Adaptation to a certain type of stimulus
c. Recovery is as important as the stimulus
d. Designating time periods for specific adaptations to occur
e. "Use it or lose it"
Principle of hard/easy

Question 53

In a crossover study, subjects participate in both the treatment and the control groups.

Question 54

Dietary supplement manufacturers can voluntarily have their products certified for label accuracy and absence of banned substances.

Question 55

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) provides a legal definition, labeling guidelines, and proof of safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements.

Question 56

The term nutritionist denotes that the individual has a bachelor's degree in nutrition.

Question 57

Many consumers find nutrition and exercise information on the Internet and studies have shown that this information increases knowledge and results in a positive change in health status.

Question 58

Scope-of-practice definitions help identify professional boundaries and protect consumers from inappropriately trained practitioners.

Question 59

Epidemiological studies are used to confirm cause and effect relationships.

Question 60

All research studies need to be replicated.

Question 61

Describe and explain the basic training principles of individuality and periodization and their nutrition corollaries, using examples other than those in the text.

Question 62

Match the basic training principle with the statement that best describes it. Use each answer only once.
a. Adaptation to a given level of stimulus over time
b. Adaptation to a certain type of stimulus
c. Recovery is as important as the stimulus
d. Designating time periods for specific adaptations to occur
e. "Use it or lose it"
Principle of periodization

Question 63

Explain why the disciplines of nutrition and exercise physiology are both an art and a science.

Question 64

Why is the Internet both advantageous and disadvantageous for obtaining health-related and sports nutrition information?

Question 65

"Garbage in, garbage out" is a saying that indicates that if the input is bad, a good result cannot be expected. Explain how this saying applies to research design and results.

Question 66

Match the basic training principle with the statement that best describes it. Use each answer only once.
a. Adaptation to a given level of stimulus over time
b. Adaptation to a certain type of stimulus
c. Recovery is as important as the stimulus
d. Designating time periods for specific adaptations to occur
e. "Use it or lose it"
Principle of specificity

Question 67

Which is more important for excellent athletic performance-training or nutrition? Explain your answer.

Question 68

What is meant by the statement, "Food is for fuel and fun"?

Question 69

Explain the ways in which the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act regulates dietary supplements in the United States. In what ways are dietary supplements not well regulated?

Question 70

_____ is defined as making false claims about health-related products.

Question 71

Describe both short- and long-term nutrition goals of competing athletes.

Question 72

Athletes engaging in high-intensity, short-duration sports primarily use the _____ energy systems.

Question 73

The primary goal of an athlete is to improve _____.

Question 74

Match the basic training principle with the statement that best describes it. Use each answer only once.
a. Adaptation to a given level of stimulus over time
b. Adaptation to a certain type of stimulus
c. Recovery is as important as the stimulus
d. Designating time periods for specific adaptations to occur
e. "Use it or lose it"
Principle of progressive overload

Question 75

Exercise described as being aerobic primarily involves the _____ system.

Question 76

When a dietary supplement is described as _____ it means that it contains no contaminants, added either intentionally or unintentionally.

Question 77

What are the roles of exercise physiologists, sports dietitians, certified athletic trainers and certified strength and conditioning specialists? When do these roles overlap and when are they distinct?