Deck 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century.

Question 1

Discuss the factors that led to the urban and rural revolts in the fourteenth century. Was desperate poverty a chief cause? Why or why not?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Evaluate the consequences of the introduction and use of cannons and gunpowder.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Please define the following key terms.
Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What were the root causes of the Hundred Years' War?

Question 5

Please define the following key terms.
pneumonic plague

Question 6

Compare the French Jacquerie to the English Peasants' Revolt.

Question 7

What were the main causes of the Great Schism? What were the major results of this great political and religious conflict?

Question 8

Compare Dante, Boccaccio, Chaucer, and Christine de Pizan. How did each of these writers contribute to the development of literature in the fourteenth century?

Question 9

How did the adversities of the fourteenth century affect urban life?

Question 10

Please define the following key terms.
Black Death

Question 11

To what extent were climate and disease key factors in producing economic and social changes in the later Middle Ages?

Question 12

Please define the following key terms.
pogroms

Question 13

Trace the events that marked the decline of the papacy during the fourteenth century.

Question 14

Please define the following key terms.
"little ice age"

Question 15

Please define the following key terms.
flagellants

Question 16

What changes occurred in the political life of Italy during the fourteenth century?

Question 17

Please define the following key terms.
bubonic plague

Question 18

Discuss the causes and consequences of the failure of Germany and Italy to develop strong centralized governments.

Question 19

What major problems did European states face in the fourteenth century? How are these problems evident in the history of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire?

Question 20

Please define the following key terms.
condottieri

Question 21

Please define the following key terms.
scutage

Question 22

Please define the following key terms.
gunpowder

Question 23

Please define the following key terms.
parliaments

Question 24

Please define the following key terms.
the longbow

Question 25

Please define the following key terms.
the Battle of Agincourt

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
the Battle of Crécy

Question 27

Please define the following key terms.
Wat Tyler and John Ball

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
Henry V

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
Orléans

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
anti-Semitism

Question 31

Please define the following key terms.
Joan of Arc

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
Statute of Laborers

Question 33

Please define the following key terms.
the Jacquerie

Question 34

Please define the following key terms.
Charles the dauphin/VII

Question 35

Please define the following key terms.
Golden Bull of Charles IV

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
Florence's ciompi

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
Pope Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam

Question 38

Please define the following key terms.
Italian communes

Question 39

Please define the following key terms.
trading caravans

Question 40

Please define the following key terms.
the Visconti and the d'Este

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
Dante

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
Giotto

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
cannon

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
the Antichrist

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
purgatory

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
English Peasants' Revolt

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
Geoffrey Chaucer

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
Canterbury Tales

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
ars moriendi

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.
King Richard II

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
Catherine of Siena

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
Council of Constance

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
Council of Pisa

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.
the vernacular

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
conciliarism

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
the Divine Comedy

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
Avignon

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Christine de Pizan

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
Great Schism

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
Hundred Years' War

Question 61

Where did many of Germany's Jews go in an effort to escape the persecution that accompanied the Black Death?

A)Portugal
B)The Americas
C)England
D)Spain
E)Poland

Question 62

The main cause of early fourteenth-century famines was

A)a blight that struck the wheat crop
B)a lack of knowledge of scientific agriculture
C)the droughts throughout most of Europe
D)a little ice age that induced bad weather with heavy rains
E)the urban pollution that spread into nearby farming regions

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
Giovanni di Dondi and clocks

Question 64

In the aftermath of the Black Death, ____ led to a dramatic rise in wages.

A)a population surge
B)the abolition of aristocratic privileges
C)new religious teachings
D)a series of crop failures
E)a serious labor shortage

Question 65

The Statute of Laborers attempted to

A)force all workers to stay in their chosen profession.
B)limit wages to pre-plague levels.
C)fix prices at artificially low levels.
D)improve the lot of England's working poor.
E)expand the number of people who could vote.

Question 66

What impact did the great plague and the crises of the fourteenth century have on the economy?

A)They devastated peasants but not nobles.
B)They initiated an economic boom to landlords.
C)They caused only minor changes in agricultural practices.
D)They led to a rise in wages because of a scarcity of labor.
E)They had little impact.

Question 67

In the second half of the fourteenth century, groups of ____ wandered from town to town, hitting each other with whips.

A)Cathars
B)knights
C)flagellants
D)monks
E)priests

Question 68

Which of the following contributed to peasant discontent in France?

A)The Ciompi movement
B)The Avignon Papacy
C)The Conciliar Movement
D)The Hundred Years' War
E)The Great Schism

Question 69

What were pogroms?

A)Religious ceremonies convened to ask for God's help against the plague
B)Small woolen balls people coughed into when infected with the plague
C)Organized massacres against the Jews
D)The name given to people believed to be responsible for the Black Death
E)Mysterious sites where people could go to miraculously recover from the plague

Question 70

What was the mainstay of the English army at the outset of the Hundred Years' War?

A)Heavy cavalry
B)Artillery
C)Musketeers
D)Foot soldiers
E)Knights

Question 71

When Philip VI of France seized Gascony in 1337, ____ declared war on Philip.

A)John II
B)Edward II
C)Edward III
D)William the Conqueror
E)Henry I

Question 72

What was a consequence of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381?

A)It led to rising economic conditions for ordinary people
B)It led to the elimination of some poll taxes.
C)It succeeded in getting the government to agree to the peasants' demands.
D)It gained long-term results for the peasants.
E)It led to the end of the Hundred Years' War.

Question 73

How did merchants and manufacturers respond to the economic tribulations of the fourteenth century?

A)Increasing their prices
B)Restricting competition and resisting the demands of the lower classes
C)Blaming the Jews and persecuting them
D)Pressuring the government to raise the prices of their products
E)Adopting laissez-faire policies

Question 74

Which group played a key role in the spread of the plague in China?

A)The Huns
B)The Rus
C)The Koreans
D)The Japanese
E)The Mongols

Question 75

In which part of the world did the bubonic plague originate?

A)Africa
B)Syria
C)Italy
D)the Azores
E)Asia

Question 76

Which statement about the Black Death is true?

A)It was one of many European plagues that inflicted Europe from the eighth century onward.
B)It started in northern Europe and moved southward to Italy.
C)It recurred in severe outbreaks for centuries.
D)It never reached England.
E)It was restricted to Christian Europe, with the Arabic Middle East escaping from most of the devastation.

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.
Sigismund

Question 78

Where were the worst organized massacres of Jews carried out in the fourteenth century?

A)Germany
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)England
E)France

Question 79

How did the European aristocracy respond to the adversity of the great plague?

A)They sought to lower wages by legal means, especially for farm laborers.
B)They produced only the most basic foodstuffs, such as grain.
C)They petitioned kings to order the relocation of laborers.
D)They formed agricultural cooperatives linking landowners, laborers, and city consumers.
E)They invested in trade and commerce rather than agricultural production.

Question 80

Who were the flagellants?

A)Catholics responsible for miraculous deeds
B)people who physically punished themselves to win the forgiveness of God
C)an organized, economic response to the Black Death
D)a popular religious movement throughout the fifteenth century
E)a group found in isolated rural areas.