Deck 13: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century.

Question 1

Please define the following key terms.
The Praise of Folly

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What impact did Reformation doctrines have on the family and popular religious practices?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What were the sources of discontent among the Catholic clergy on the eve of the Reformation? What were the manifestations of popular religious piety on the eve of the Reformation?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Please define the following key terms.
Christian (northern Renaissance) humanism

Question 5

Examine the geographic spread of Protestant denominations and compare them to places of entrenched Catholicism. What can the maps teach you about the relative popularity of these religions?

Question 6

Did matters of faith or matters of politics play a greater role in the establishment of Lutheranism in Germany?

Question 7

Discuss the chief ideas of Calvinism and show how they were similar to the ideas of Lutheranism. How did they vary from the ideas of Lutheranism? Why did Calvinism become the major international form of Protestantism?

Question 8

What role did religion play in the wars of the sixteenth century?

Question 9

Please define the following key terms.
Thomas a Kempis' Imitation of Christ

Question 10

Please define the following key terms.
the sacraments

Question 11

Compare and contrast the chief ideas of Zwinglianism, Anabaptism, and Lutheranism. What did they have in common? How were they different?

Question 12

Please define the following key terms.
indulgences

Question 13

Please define the following key terms.
pluralism

Question 14

What were the contributions of the papacy, the Council of Trent, and the Jesuits on the revival of Catholicism?

Question 15

What was Christian humanism and how did it help prepare the way for the Protestant Reformation?

Question 16

What was Luther's fundamental religious dilemma? Trace the development of this dilemma and how Luther solved it. How did Luther's religious ideas differ from those of Catholicism?

Question 17

How did the English Reformation differ from the reformation in other countries? Be sure to mention specific monarchs and acts of Parliament.

Question 18

Please define the following key terms.
justification

Question 19

Please define the following key terms.
Martin Luther

Question 20

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Desiderius Erasmus

Question 21

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Charles V

Question 22

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Act of Supremacy

Question 23

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transubstantiation

Question 24

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 25

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the Peasants' War, 1524

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
Book of Common Prayer

Question 27

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Queen Mary I of England

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
Ulrich Zwingli

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
Pope Clement VII

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
Peace of Augsburg

Question 31

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the Protestant minister and family

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
Luther's three pamphlets

Question 33

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Johann Tetzel

Question 34

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Hapsburg-Valois Wars

Question 35

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Anabaptists

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
the Edict of Worms

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
Marburg Colloquy

Question 38

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politiques

Question 39

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Ninety-Five Theses

Question 40

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Menno Simons

Question 41

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Huguenots

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
Pope Paul III

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
Francis Xavier

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Philip II

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
Jesuits

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
John Calvin

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
The Spiritual Exercises

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
the New World

Question 50

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Consistory

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
Edward VI

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
Puritans

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
Geneva

Question 54

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Elizabeth I

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
Ignatius Loyola

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
predestination

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
Council of Trent

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Catholic Reformation

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
the Battle of Lepanto

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
the Netherlands

Question 61

Which event precipitated Luther's break with the church?

A)The Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of Purgatory for salvation
B)The increase of Papal taxes on the German peasantry
C)Widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks
D)The declaration that the German clergy must pay taxes
E)The papacy's threat to remove the German emperor

Question 62

What was the focus of Luther's pamphlet, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church?

A)He attacked the sacramental system of the church.
B)He outlined the doctrine of Luther in German.
C)He explained the Lutheran liturgy.
D)He attacked abuses of the Catholic clergy in north Africa.
E)He justified transubstantiation.

Question 63

How did Erasmus differ from Luther?

A)Unlike Luther, Erasmus believed that the end of days was near.
B)Unlike Erasmus, Luther believed in political equality for all.
C)Unlike Luther, Erasmus did not believe in Bible study.
D)Unlike Luther, Erasmus did not want to dismantle the Catholic Church.
E)Unlike Erasmus, Luther did not want to dismantle the Catholic Church.

Question 64

Luther's religious crisis came to a head over which increasingly popular belief?

A)The Bible had passages that were contradictory.
B)Even with its flaws, the Catholic Church remained legitimate.
C)No amount of good works could guarantee salvation.
D)If God is all-powerful, why should he care about humans?
E)There seemed to be no sure proof of God's existence.

Question 65

Which mystical movement downplayed dogma and emphasized following Jesus' teachings?

A)Augustinians
B)Jesuits
C)Modern Devotion
D)Beguines
E)Order of Erasmusites

Question 66

How did Luther respond to the German Peasants' War?

A)Luther called on the pope to intervene.
B)Luther offered to serve as a mediator.
C)Luther refused to take a side.
D)Luther supported the peasants against the lords.
E)Luther supported the lords against the peasants.

Question 67

What was true of the newly established Lutheran churches?

A)They mirrored the organization of the Catholic Church.
B)They were state-dominated.
C)They had more female than male members.
D)They were most successful in southern Europe.
E)They only appealed to city dwellers.

Question 68

In Erasmus's view, which of these qualities is most important?

A)Personal happiness
B)Pleasure
C)Inner piety
D)Political power
E)Material wealth

Question 69

What was Luther's view of the sacraments of the Catholic Church?

A)He accepted all seven.
B)He rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
C)He claimed marriage as the only true sacrament.
D)He eliminated extreme unction.
E)He eliminated only clerical celibacy.

Question 70

The primary method of disseminating Luther's ideas was

A)the town crier.
B)gossip and rumor.
C)the state edict.
D)the printed word.
E)the sermon.

Question 71

The practice of elite clergy holding multiple church offices at the same time was called

A)pluralism.
B)elitism.
C)absenteeism.
D)clericalism.
E)Hermeticism.

Question 72

To Luther, what was the only source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, other than justification?

A)The opinions of scholars
B)The decisions of church councils
C)The authority of the pope
D)The Bible
E)The authority of kings

Question 73

What was Luther's most important accomplishment during the period in which he resided at the Wartburg Castle?

A)His translation of the New Testament into German
B)His pamphlets denouncing Charles V
C)His campaign to end slavery
D)His translation of the laws of Germany into English
E)His formation of an alliance with John Calvin

Question 74

In which statement did Luther focus on the church's abuse of the sale of indulgences?

A)The Ninety-Five Theses
B)His dissertation
C)Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
D)The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
E)On the Freedom of a Christian Man

Question 75

The most important characteristic of northern Renaissance humanism was its

A)emphasis on worldly success.
B)championing of democracy.
C)rejection of the papacy.
D)commitment to universal literacy.
E)reform program.

Question 76

Charles V ruled over an empire that included

A)northern Africa.
B)southern Italy.
C)Ireland.
D)Hungary.
E)northern France.

Question 77

Where did Erasmus begin his scholarly career?

A)A village school
B)A monastery
C)A royal court
D)A foreign embassy
E)A foreign colony

Question 78

Which statement best describes the Peasants' War of 1524-1525?

A)It was led by a radical ex-follower of Luther, Philip Melanchthon.
B)It furthered the spread of Lutheranism throughout all of Europe.
C)It was praised by Luther as it destroyed the great Catholic princes of Germany.
D)It was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order.
E)It had no connection with any of Luther's ideas and beliefs.

Question 79

What was the main focus of the Edict of Worms?

A)It contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B)It expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C)It called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recant his "heresies."
D)It made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E)It led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome.

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.
Spanish Armada