Deck 14: Accountability

Question 1

Civil liability is one type of external accountability mechanism.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Early warning systems help police departments identify problem officers early on.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The effectiveness of civilian review in reducing or eliminating misconduct is unclear.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Police officers are adequately protected by the Bill of Rights in the U.S.Constitution.

Question 5

Which of the following are often contained in a police bill of rights?

A) ban on polygraphs
B) advance notice that an officer is being investigated
C) due process protections
D) all of these choices

Question 6

A police officer who violates someone's constitutional rights can be sued.

Question 7

Internal investigations are conducted only to determine the facts surrounding a question or employee misconduct.

Question 8

The development of codes of ethics for police officers coincided with:

A) the political era
B) the community era
C) the professional era
D) the homeland security era

Question 9

Qualified immunity protects certain police officers for reasonably mistaken beliefs.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of promoting accountability from the OUTSIDE?

A) civilian review
B) code of ethics
C) civil liability
D) accreditation

Question 11

Accountability must be preserved from both inside and outside the police agency.

Question 12

Police codes of ethics help promote accountability from the inside.

Question 13

The Supreme Court has decided a number of cases addressing police officer rights during the course of internal investigations.

Question 14

Section 1983 can only be used to sue individual police officers and/or their supervisors.

Question 15

The development of police codes of ethics coincided with the community era.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an area covered by the IACP Code of Ethics?

A) complaint review procedures
B) police officer responsibilities
C) cooperation with other agencies
D) use of force

Question 17

Which of the following help police departments promote accountability from the INSIDE?

A) code of ethics
B) civilian review
C) civil liabilty
D) accreditation

Question 18

Civil liability is reserved for the most egregious forms of police misconduct.

Question 19

Accountability is maintained exclusively from outside the police department.

Question 20

The exclusionary rule expanded in scope as a result of the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine.

Question 21

Which form of citizen review vests the receipt and investigation of complaints in the hands of civilians?

A) civilian review model
B) civilian input model
C) civilian monitor model
D) internal review model

Question 22

A __________ is a civil wrong for which a person can recover damages from another person.

Question 23

Civil __________ is the term used to describe litigation against police officers.

Question 24

Under Section 1983, which of the following can be named as defendants in a lawsuit?

A) individual officers
B) supervisors
C) cities and counties
D) all of these choices

Question 25

Besides civilian review, citizen complaints, civil liability, and accreditation, what other external accountability mechanisms are there?

A) criminal prosecution
B) codes of ethics
C) internal affairs
D) all of these choices

Question 26

Citizen __________ can be seen by administrators as a barometer of police performance.

Question 27

A police __________ helps protect officers when they are being investigated for possible misconduct.

Question 28

For a supervisor to be held liable under Section 1983 for the actions of a subordinate, there must be what between him/her and the unconstitutional conduct of a subordinate?

A) a connection
B) an affirmative link
C) a clear and convincing link
D) a probable link

Question 29

Which of the following elements must be in place if a Section 1983 lawsuit is to succeed?

A) color of law
B) federal rights violation
C) color of law and federal rights violation
D) none of these choices

Question 30

Police officers enjoy __________ from suit for reasonably mistaken beliefs.

Question 31

Lawsuits are of significant concern to police administrators because they can:

A) cost a great deal of money
B) drive up insurance premiums
C) tarnish the department's image
D) all of these choices

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The vast majority of police departments rely on civilian review.
B) The vast majority of police departments use an internal process to handle complaints.
C) Internal review is preferable to external review.
D) none of these choices

Question 33

To identify problem officers early on, some police departments have instituted __________ systems.

Question 34

Codes of ethics and __________ help promote accountability from inside the police department.

Question 35

The exclusionary rule has been expanded because of:

A) the good faith exception
B) the independent source exception
C) the plain view doctrine
D) the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine

Question 36

A __________ tort does not require that the officer (or administrator) intend for harm to result.

Question 37

Which of the following defenses is available to defendants in Section 1983 lawsuits?

A) contributory negligence
B) law enforcement
C) qualified immunity
D) absolute immunity

Question 38

Civilian __________ helps promote accountability from outside the police department.

Question 39

Title 42 U.S.C.Section __________ allows people to sue police officials for constitutional rights violations.

Question 40

Civilian review has gained popularity because:

A) Presumably it is more objective.
B) It can deter police misconduct.
C) It is more satisfying than internal review for complainants.
D) all of these choices

Question 41

It is essential that __________ be ensured from inside AND outside the police department.

Question 42

What are the reasons for citizen involvement in the police complaint process?

Question 43

__________ helps promote accountability because it requires that police agencies be reviewed by outsiders and abide by certain procedures.

Question 44

Explain the purposes of internal investigation units.

Question 45

The main external accountability mechanisms reviewed in the text are civil liability, citizen complaints, and __________.

Question 46

What are the courses of action a trial board might recommend to the chief?

Question 47

The __________ requires that evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution cannot be admitted in a criminal trial to prove guilt.

Question 48

What are the elements for a successful Section 1983 lawsuit against a police official?

Question 49

What are some of the most common elements of a police bill of rights?