Deck 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815–1850.

Question 1

Please define the following key terms.
balance of power

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Please define the following key terms.
conservatism

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Please define the following key terms.
principle of intervention

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Please define the following key terms.
Klemens von Metternich

Question 5

What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?

Question 6

Compare and contrast the core of ideas of the Enlightenment and the Romantic movement.

Question 7

Please define the following key terms.
principle of legitimacy

Question 8

Please define the following key terms.
John Stuart Mill's On Liberty

Question 9

What vision of postwar Europe informed the proceedings of the Congress of Vienna? How did the Concert of Europe attempt to secure those goals? Were these two efforts successful?

Question 10

How did Romanticism shape European art, music, and literature in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 11

Please define the following key terms.
Concert of Europe

Question 12

Please define the following key terms.
ideology

Question 13

Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy. What caused them? What did they achieve initially? Why did the revolutionary forces fail? What were the long-term achievements of the revolutions?

Question 14

What were the chief ideas of nationalism and utopian socialism? How did they seek to change society?

Question 15

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism and liberalism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Question 16

How did Britain avoid the political turmoil that rocked the Continent in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 17

What made nationalism a radical political ideology in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 18

How did economic factors shape the development of Latin America after the revolutions of the early nineteenth century?

Question 19

What ideas and beliefs united the early socialists?

Question 20

Please define the following key terms.
Congress of Vienna

Question 21

Please define the following key terms.
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 22

Please define the following key terms.
nationalism

Question 23

Please define the following key terms.
Federalists and Republicans

Question 24

Please define the following key terms.
New Lanark

Question 25

Please define the following key terms.
Louis-Philippe

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
Germanic Confederation

Question 27

Please define the following key terms.
Robert Owen

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
Frances Wright

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
liberalism

Question 31

Please define the following key terms.
Alexander I

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
Greek Revolt

Question 33

Please define the following key terms.
ministerial responsibility

Question 34

Please define the following key terms.
socialism

Question 35

Please define the following key terms.
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
classical economics

Question 38

Please define the following key terms.
Corn Laws of 1815

Question 39

Please define the following key terms.
On the Subjection of Women

Question 40

Please define the following key terms.
Simón Bolívar

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
revolutions of 1848

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Romanticism

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
Reform Act of 1832

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
Louis Kossuth

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
Ludwig von Beethoven

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.
William Wordsworth

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
The brothers Grimm

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
France's Second Republic

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.
Gothic literature

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
General Alfred Windischgrätz

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
utopian socialists

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
Andrew Jackson

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Caspar David Friedrich and Eugène Delacroix

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
Mazzini's The Duties of Man

Question 61

In 1815 Great Britain was governed by

A)an absolute monarch.
B)the middle classes.
C)the people as a whole.
D)the aristocratic landowning classes.
E)wealthy merchants.

Question 62

Which statement best describes the state of the Italian peninsula following the Congress of Vienna?

A)It was entirely unified as a single country.
B)It remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C)It had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D)It had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E)It sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 63

Which European state dominated the Latin American economy even after many countries gained their independence?

A)Spain
B)Portugal
C)France
D)Germany
E)Great Britain

Question 64

What happened to Russian society after Nicholas I came to power following the death of Alexander I in 1825?

A)It became the most liberal of the European powers.
B)It rapidly industrialized.
C)It became an industrial power after the abolition of serfdom.
D)It was increasingly influenced by ultra-conservative societies, such as the Northern Union.
E)It became a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals.

Question 65

What did John Stuart Mill's On the Subjection of Women state?

A)Women should be kept in the home to improve men's chances of finding work.
B)Men and women did not possess different natures.
C)Parliament should admit women members immediately.
D)Female convicts should be shipped out to colonize Australia.
E)God and nature had ordained the permanent inferiority of women.

Question 66

Who was the author of Reflections on the Revolution in France and the founder of modern philosophical conservatism?

A)Viscount Castlereigh
B)William Pitt the Younger
C)Horatio Nelson
D)Edmund Burke
E)Robert Owen

Question 67

Most conservatives believed that

A)the French Revolution was a good thing.
B)militarism was the source of all evil.
C)nationalism was a force for good.
D)people should be obedient to political authority.
E)organized religion was unimportant.

Question 68

What was the conservative English political party in power until 1830?

A)Tories
B)Republicans
C)Federalists
D)Whigs
E)Democrats

Question 69

What was the Concert of Europe?

A)An economic alliance between European powers
B)An organization to develop music within the European states
C)An alliance to ensure the status quo achieved with the Congress of Vienna
D)An attempt to dissolve France into numerous provinces
E)An organizational body seeking to limit popular access to political ideas

Question 70

Which revolt demonstrated the double-edged sword quality of the "principle of intervention"?

A)The Greek Revolt
B)Independence movements in Latin America
C)The July Revolution of 1830 in France
D)The Corn Law revolt of 1815
E)The revolt against Nicholas' police state

Question 71

Revolts in Latin America were facilitated by

A)massive slave revolts across South and Central America.
B)the expansionist policies of the United States.
C)Austrian policy in the Americas.
D)British defeat in the Napoleonic Wars.
E)the fall of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain.

Question 72

Who was known as "the Liberator" in Latin America?

A)José de San Martín
B)Simón Bolívar
C)Guillermo Pelgrón
D)Simón Carreño
E)George Washington

Question 73

What did European monarchs want to achieve after the defeat of Napoleon?

A)Restore stability and return to an old order.
B)Maintain power while also implementing Napoleon's Civil Order.
C)Share power with the people.
D)Divide France up among them.
E)Make alliances with one another to prevent the rise of another Napoleon.

Question 74

Which of these groups supported the political philosophy of conservatism?

A)The urban middle classes
B)Landless farmers
C)The urban poor
D)Radical Protestants
E)Hereditary monarchies

Question 75

Great Britain, Russia, France, Prussia and __________ met periodically in conferences known as the Concert of Europe to discuss common interests.

A)Austria
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)Greece
E)Belgium

Question 76

What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?

A)It gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)It failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)It treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)It sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 77

Who formulated the idea of the "principle of legitimacy"?

A)Louis-Philippe
B)Napoleon
C)Klemens von Metternich
D)Talleyrand
E)Edmund Burke

Question 78

What was the name of the principle that argued that a state power had the right to send armies into countries to restore monarchies amid revolutions?

A)The "principle of alliance"
B)The "principle of agreement"
C)The "principle of legitimacy"
D)The "principle of intervention"
E)The "principle of first rights"

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.
pantheism

Question 80

Which social group was the foremost in embracing liberalism?

A)Factory workers
B)The industrial middle class
C)Radical aristocrats
D)Army officers
E)The landed gentry