Deck 23: Mass Society in an “Age of Progress,” 1871–1894.

Question 1

What is meant by the phrase "mass society"? How was the growth of this mass society related to changes in the urban environment?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Compare and contrast middle-class and working-class families. How do you explain the similarities and the differences?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Please define the following key terms.
Henry Ford

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How did the steel, electricity, and the internal combustion engine shape economic and social developments in the late nineteenth century?

Question 5

Please define the following key terms.
tariffs

Question 6

In the late nineteenth century, what were the most important competing visions of women and their place in society?

Question 7

Please define the following key terms.
Alexander Graham Bell

Question 8

Please define the following key terms.
mass leisure

Question 9

Why did the old system of autocracy persist in Russia and Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth century?

Question 10

How were the promises and problems of the new mass society reflected in education and leisure?

Question 11

Please define the following key terms.
internal combustion engine

Question 12

Please define the following key terms.
electricity

Question 13

How did working-class people organize themselves to advance their own political and economic agenda?

Question 14

Discuss the growth of political democracy in Great Britain, France, and Italy. How would you account for the differences you note?

Question 15

Who made up the late nineteenth-century middle classes, and what role did they play in the emerging mass society?

Question 16

Please define the following key terms.
Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan

Question 17

Please define the following key terms.
Guglielmo Marconi

Question 18

Please define the following key terms.
Coney Island and Blackpool

Question 19

What role did the Reichstag play in German politics in the late nineteenth century?

Question 20

Please define the following key terms.
Wilbur and Orville Wright

Question 21

Please define the following key terms.
the assembly line

Question 22

Please define the following key terms.
revisionism

Question 23

Please define the following key terms.
Victor Huber

Question 24

Please define the following key terms.
mass society

Question 25

Please define the following key terms.
Public Health Act of 1875

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
domestic servants

Question 27

Please define the following key terms.
Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
Consuelo Vanderbilt

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
May Day

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
Second Industrial Revolution

Question 31

Please define the following key terms.
Social Democratic Party

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
mass education

Question 33

Please define the following key terms.
white-collar jobs

Question 34

Please define the following key terms.
Octavia Hill

Question 35

Please define the following key terms.
Lord Tennyson's The Princess

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
Eduard Bernstein

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
sweatshops

Question 38

Please define the following key terms.
mass politics

Question 39

Please define the following key terms.
cartels

Question 40

Please define the following key terms.
plutocrats

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
Reform Act of 1884

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
France's Third Republic

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
Bismarck's welfare legislation

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Redistribution Act

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
evolutionary socialism

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
"woman question"

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
Alexander III and Nicholas II

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
Elizabeth Poole Sanford's Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
Aletta Jacob

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.
the Commune

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
Emperor Francis Joseph

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
The Football Association and National and American Leagues

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
Thomas Cook

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.
bicameral legislature

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
The Reichstag

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
social security

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
Kulturkampf

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Russification

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
William II

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
dance halls

Question 61

What occurred in a cartel?

A)A vertically integrated company worked to monopolize all business in its industry.
B)Independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.
C)Independent associations of grocers cooperated to artificially drive down prices.
D)Private militias orchestrated intelligence gathering to diminish the police powers of modern nation states.
E)Dependent enterprises worked with an overseeing organization to lower tariffs.

Question 62

Working-class men argued that keeping working-class women out of the industrial workforce

A)all but guaranteed their future poverty.
B)was obviously illegal.
C)was part of a larger capitalist plot.
D)ensured the moral and physical well-being of families.
E)simply made it easier to exploit them.

Question 63

By 1900, ____ workers were enrolled in British trade unions.

A)2,000
B)20,000
C)200,000
D)2 million
E)20 million

Question 64

What new energy source powered the second industrial revolution?

A)Coal
B)Hydroelectric
C)Natural gas
D)Electricity
E)Fuel-cells

Question 65

Which two issues divided the Second International in the late nineteenth century?

A)Trade unions and liberalism
B)Liberalism and revisionism
C)Revisionism and nationalism
D)Nationalism and trade unions
E)Liberalism and revisionism.

Question 66

Between 1850 and 1900, wages in Germany and Britain

A)decreased.
B)more than tripled.
C)remained stagnant.
D)increased.
E)failed to keep up with inflation.

Question 67

In Japan, ____ took the lead in promoting industry.

A)local communities
B)foreign investors
C)private companies
D)the imperial government
E)ambitious former samurai

Question 68

What was the single largest political party in Germany by 1912?

A)Nazis
B)Greens
C)Social Democrats
D)Bolsheviks
E)Mensheviks

Question 69

What did the increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand lead to in late nineteenth-century Europe?

A)The elimination of trade restrictions like tariffs
B)A strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations
C)Greater economic instability and a sequence of ever deeper economic depressions
D)Closer economic cooperation among the great powers
E)Greater investment by the United States in the European economy

Question 70

By 1900, Europeans were importing beef and wool from

A)Japan.
B)China.
C)Argentina.
D)Algeria.
E)Java.

Question 71

Which of these nations was the least industrially advanced by 1900?

A)Britain
B)Germany
C)France
D)Belgium
E)Spain

Question 72

Which country replaced Great Britain as the leading industrial power in Europe after 1870?

A)France
B)Germany
C)Italy
D)Holland
E)Russia

Question 73

Between 1895 and 1914, Europe as whole experienced

A)mass unemployment.
B)slow and inconsistent economic growth.
C)a deep depression.
D)wild economic instability.
E)an economic boom.

Question 74

In 1914, which country had the largest trade union movement in Europe?

A)France
B)Italy
C)Britain
D)Austria-Hungary
E)Spain

Question 75

In Britain, ____ led the movement to illuminate homes and cities with electric light.

A)Thomas Edison
B)Joseph Swan
C)Michael Faraday
D)Alexander Graham Bell
E)Guglielmo Marconi

Question 76

After 1870, industrialization outside of Europe and North America was most notable in

A)North Africa.
B)China.
C)South America.
D)the Middle East.
E)Japan.

Question 77

What was one of the new products of the "Second Industrial Revolution"?

A)Cotton textiles
B)Steel
C)Coal
D)Railroads
E)Steam engines

Question 78

What best describes employment opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A)They changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector.
B)They declined dramatically as prostitution became illegal.
C)They increased greatly with working-class men pushing their wives to work outside the home.
D)They declined when piece-work was abandoned as inefficient and "sweatshops" were outlawed.
E)They declined because labor unions forced governments to restrict most employment opportunities to men only.

Question 79

What did Eduard Bernstein claim in his book Evolutionary Socialism?

A)The only hope for the workers was a violent revolution.
B)Socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process.
C)Unions should bargain with employers and avoid politics.
D)The poor were too ignorant to be allowed to vote.
E)True communism would take hundreds of years to evolve.

Question 80

Evolutionary socialism is also known as

A)neo-liberalism.
B)anarchism.
C)revisionism.
D)nihilism.
E)corporatism.