Deck 25: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution.

Question 1

Why did the Allies eventually prevail over the Central Powers?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What was Germany's strategy at the outset of the war? Why did it fail?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Please define the following key terms.
First Battle of the Marne

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How did World War I contribute to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution?

Question 5

How did women's lives change during World War I?

Question 6

In your opinion, what nation or nations was most responsible for starting World War I?

Question 7

Please define the following key terms.
Sarajevo

Question 8

Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they want?

Question 9

Please define the following key terms.
the Schlieffen Plan

Question 10

Describe Woodrow Wilson's vision of the postwar world. Was it realistic? Optimistic? Explain.

Question 11

How would you explain the communist victory in the Russian Civil War?

Question 12

In what sense was the Great War a "world war"?

Question 13

Please define the following key terms.
conscription

Question 14

In your opinion, was the peace settlement at the end World War I a just and fair one? Why or why not?

Question 15

Please define the following key terms.
The "Great War"

Question 16

How did events in the Balkans in 1914 spark World War I?

Question 17

Please define the following key terms.
Black Hand

Question 18

Please define the following key terms.
mobilization

Question 19

What role did technology play in the high casualty rate suffered during World War I? What other factors contributed to the high casualty rates?

Question 20

Please define the following key terms.
Battles of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes

Question 21

Please define the following key terms.
Verdun and the Somme

Question 22

Please define the following key terms.
militarism

Question 23

Please define the following key terms.
the machine gun and poison gas

Question 24

Please define the following key terms.
the Lusitania

Question 25

Please define the following key terms.
Lawrence of Arabia

Question 26

Please define the following key terms.
genocide

Question 27

Please define the following key terms.
Georges Clemenceau

Question 28

Please define the following key terms.
nationalization

Question 29

Please define the following key terms.
trench warfare

Question 30

Please define the following key terms.
"Peace and bread"

Question 31

Please define the following key terms.
"War Girls"

Question 32

Please define the following key terms.
Central Powers

Question 33

Please define the following key terms.
Petrograd

Question 34

Please define the following key terms.
unrestricted submarine warfare

Question 35

Please define the following key terms.
total war

Question 36

Please define the following key terms.
Nicholas II

Question 37

Please define the following key terms.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Question 38

Please define the following key terms.
the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 39

Please define the following key terms.
Defense of the Realm Act

Question 40

Please define the following key terms.
Rasputin

Question 41

Please define the following key terms.
the Red Terror

Question 42

Please define the following key terms.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.
the Cheka

Question 44

Please define the following key terms.
Leon Trotsky

Question 45

Please define the following key terms.
"dictated peace"

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.
Treaty of Versailles

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.
November 11, 1918

Question 48

Please define the following key terms.
self-determination

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.
soviets

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.
Bolsheviks

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.
reparations

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.
Gallipoli

Question 53

Please define the following key terms.
Second Battle of the Marne

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.
War Guilt Clause

Question 55

Please define the following key terms.
V.I. Lenin

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.
Reds and Whites

Question 57

Please define the following key terms.
"war communism"

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.
Woodrow Wilson

Question 59

Please define the following key terms.
Paris Peace Conference

Question 60

Please define the following key terms.
League of Nations

Question 61

Which two nations competed for domination of the new Balkan states in the early twentieth century?

A)Russia and Austria
B)France and Britain
C)Spain and Italy
D)Germany and Austria
E)Britain and Germany

Question 62

Which nineteenth-century European political movement was most responsible for triggering World War I?

A)Nationalism
B)Liberalism
C)Conservatism
D)Socialism
E)Modernism

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
Yugoslavia

Question 64

Which nationalist organization was responsible for assassinating Archduke Ferdinand and his wife?

A)The German Bund
B)The White Knights
C)The Austrian Revolutionaries
D)The Black Hand
E)The Serbian Brotherhood

Question 65

Why did Tsar Nicholas II order full mobilization on July 29, 1914?

A)He was tricked into doing so.
B)He did not believe his generals assessment of the military situation.
C)He wanted revenge against Austria.
D)He was obligated to do so under the terms of the Concert of Europe.
E)His generals told him he had no choice.

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.
mandates

Question 67

At the First Battle of the Marne,

A)Germany was halted just east of Paris.
B)Germany won a crucial victory.
C)France drove the Germans back across the border.
D)U.S. troops distinguished themselves with their bravery.
E)poison gas proved the decisive weapon.

Question 68

European military machines ____ between 1890 and 1914.

A)shrank considerably in size
B)doubled in size
C)were largely unchanged in size
D)increased fivefold in size
E)increased tenfold in size

Question 69

Which of the following entered the war on the Allied side in 1915?

A)The United States
B)Japan
C)Italy
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)Spain

Question 70

How many men died at the ten-month Battle of Verdun?

A)10,000
B)100,000
C)500,000
D)700,000
E)1 million

Question 71

What did most Europeans believe about the Great War?

A)It would be much like the American Civil War in length.
B)It would be an exciting, emotional release from the otherwise dull and boring existence of mass society.
C)It would last for years creating a rousing state of perpetual heroics as proclaimed by Nietzsche in his writings on the "superman."
D)It would ultimately bring about the unification of Europe in one centralized and highly militarized government.
E)It would result in a new balance of power throughout all of Western Civilization.

Question 72

At the beginning of the twentieth century, socialist labor movements

A)were in steep decline.
B)had largely been co-opted by big business.
C)had grown more powerful.
D)had little support in Germany and Britain.
E)were almost nonexistent.

Question 73

How did Europeans perceive the upcoming war in August 1914?

A)It would be the dawn of a new socialist Europe.
B)It would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration.
C)It would mark the end of European civilization.
D)Its long-term nature would revive Europe's suffering economy.
E)It would be avoided at the last minute, once the diplomats finally met together.

Question 74

Which two nations had no mandatory military service prior to World War I?

A)Germany and Austria-Hungary
B)Great Britain and the United States
C)France and Great Britain
D)Italy and Germany
E)Russia and France

Question 75

How did the war in the East differ from the war in Western Europe during 1914?

A)It was marked by immobility.
B)It was marked by mobility.
C)It developed methodically and took months to get heated.
D)It was marked by careful diplomacy.
E)It involved much smaller numbers of troops.

Question 76

What assumption underlay the Schlieffen Plan?

A)That France could not be conquered by Germany alone
B)That Britain would stay out of the coming war
C)That Germany would be fighting a two-front war
D)That the coming war would be long and bloody
E)That Russia was Germany's most dangerous adversary

Question 77

From which empire did the Balkan states gain independence prior to World War I?

A)The British Empire
B)The United States Empire
C)The Ottoman Empire
D)The French Empire
E)The German Empire

Question 78

Who did Austria turn to for approval of its plan to attack Serbia?

A)Hungary
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)France

Question 79

What was the main reason why European diplomats were incapable of slowing a rush toward war as early as late July of 1914?

A)European kings, tsars, and emperors were too bent on war to heed their advice.
B)The complex, rigid, and demanding mobilization plans devised by European army generals made immediate military action essential.
C)Ordinary people everywhere went to the polls and voted for immediate opening of the war on all fronts.
D)European industrialists, seeking to profit from mass destruction, induced the politicians they owned through bribery to push declarations of war through all European legislatures.
E)Communications was slow in a pre-computer era.

Question 80

What was the immediate catalyst of World War I?

A)The uprising of Catholic peasants in Bavaria
B)The assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo
C)The German invasion of Poland
D)The German naval blockade of Britain
E)The French occupation of the Ruhr